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    [转载]FRED运用:Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2016-02-24
    简介 }d>Xh8:%)  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &8pGq./lr=  
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    模型 ~BqC!v.)@E  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 mK/E1a)AG3  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. C4qK52'2s  
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    光源 =1k%T{>  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5}Id[%.x  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 tSux5 yV  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 3~7!=s\v  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 "G~!J\  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 A'rd1"K  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Rnoz[1y?0  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 +ue1+#  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 +lfO4^V  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ,}]v7DD  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 W7'<Jom|?  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 m< )`@6a/  
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    分析 [U",yN]d  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 .D ^~!A  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 Y2XxfZ j  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #) :.1Z?  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY P`{$7ST'Hh  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Ex zB{ "  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL .#bf9JOE  
    Dim A As Double yU&;\'  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double g hmn3  
    Dim eID As Long pZlsDM/=  
    Dim parID As Long %Z<{CV  
    Dim count As Integer HUD0 @HQI  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double x55W"q7  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double I=#`8deH(  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R'`'q1=R  
    Dim ok As Long wEM=Tr/h  
    ]b; m~|9  
    Sub Main 8ta @@h  
    #+l`tj4b/  
        '用户输入对话框 \Z3K ~  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ObEz0Rj  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 *l{epum;  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 QEf@wv;T  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 0&|0l>wy.  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 YLQ0UeDN'  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 C{pOGc@  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 cZ?$_;=  
        End Dialog  {Ba&  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog PIa!N Py  
    V=*^C+6s  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) <^Vj1s  
    Znb7OF^#"  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Wj^e)2%  
            Print "Execution cancelled." GnW MI1$  
            End -grf7w^  
        End If c?HUW  
    v;e8W9M  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ]/1\.<uJId  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then F""9O6u  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation O1\Hx8^  
        Else |K Rt$t  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y /_CPY  
        End If aqI"4v]~b  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then w'(/dr  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter &N/t%q  
        Else hk4t #Km  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ? /z[Jx.  
        End If ?$109wZ:9  
    \OVtvJV]  
        Print " " i>YQ<A1  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" i)|jLrW~e  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" \6SjJ]o>  
    Yw3'9m^  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation X>o9mW  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness K'r;#I|"J  
    Vz/w.%_g  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens j %gd:-tA  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens tn' Jkwp  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens f<@!{y 2Xe  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens BM,hcT r?  
    OY`B{jV-  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness %DKFF4k  
    1}DA| !~  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 11yXI[  
    ~#*C,4m  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation hHE~/U  
    B]"`}jn  
        '************************************************************************* R}Lk$#S#  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ( *+'k1Ea  
        '************************************************************************* ^b+>r  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) )FQ"l{P  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity H/O.h@E4X  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mgjJNzclL  
    4@?0wV  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z I1E9E$m5\<  
        count = 0 ?N<My& E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }~I!'J#)  
            GetOperation eID, count, op c}o 6Rm50  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D9oNYF-V  
                DeleteOperation eID,count :jl*Y-mM  
                count=count-1 |q77  
            End If J;0;oXwJ<  
            count=count+1 CjQO5  
        Wend x"12$7 9=  
    `Y?VQ~ci>  
        'Set new shift in >q:%?mi  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" t_3j_`  
        op.val1 = taq P9cx&Hk9  
        op.parent = parID r<+C,h;aww  
        AddOperation eID, op X,|8Wpi=  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 'c s(gc 0  
    !LN8=u.  
        '************************************************************************* ii)# (b:V  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens hC:'L9Y  
        '************************************************************************* Q Q3<)i  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) te+}j7SU  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic n N<N~  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ff#7}9_mh  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant JY0aE  
    ")|/\ w,  
        '************************************************************************* @YI{E*?S  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens p&<Ssc  
        '************************************************************************* cfLLFPhv)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) i 9) G t  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic n$/|r  
    &K9;GZS?  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost v"bWVc~H  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 7*5B  
    jdxHWkQ   
        '************************************************************************* iE~!?N|a3  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) +K 4XMf  
        '************************************************************************* bwsKdh  
    hw DxGiU  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) O*xx63%jR  
    <|Td0|x _q  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) pi"H?EHk  
        count = 0 zKQ<Zr  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Cy~IB [  
            GetOperation eID, count, op o7) y~ ke  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \QvGkcDc{  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ?XBdBR_"^  
                count=count-1 ;KL7SM%g4  
            End If HXLnjXoe  
            count=count+1 iGW|j>N  
        Wend c+:ZmrP/  
    Ebnb-Lze,  
        'Set new z-shift k%.v`H!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" E2e"A I.h  
        op.val1 = tlens dfDjOZSL  
        op.parent = parID VeA@HC`?"  
        AddOperation eID, op @ st>#]i4  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens S,&LH-ps   
    c#OxI*,+/  
        '************************************************************************* 4 2Z:J 0  
        'Lens index of refraction ZbFD|~[ V  
        '************************************************************************* R3>q]  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) +IdM|4$\1  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat W5R/Ub@g  
    `~GXK  
        mat.Nd = nlens N1t4o~  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat tr0b#4  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens !nmZ"n|}p  
    V._-iw]v  
        '************************************************************************* Xb _ V\b0  
        'Pupil diameter S <mZs;  
        '************************************************************************* 0Wr<l%M)+  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 2q?/aw ;Z  
    S^QEctXU  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) H=/1d.p  
    W{,fpm  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" pS?D~0Nb  
    Ia2WBs =  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens VfnL-bDGV  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) odP<S.  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $fb%?n{  
        count = 0 P;5)Net1X  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )."ob=m  
            GetOperation eID, count, op iJ>=!Q  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then iq;\},  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9{pT)(Wnb  
                count=count-1 N8 sT?  
            End If {v"f){   
            count=count+1 %['NPs%B  
        Wend a"(Ws]K  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1g;2e##)  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Wv4$Lgr  
        op.parent = parID 5_^d3LOT0x  
        AddOperation eID, op ,EQ0""G!  
    8lk/*/} =<  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam &8VH m?h  
    @&*TGU  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description OTy!Q,0$.  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) [}L?EM  
        GetEntity eID, entity xF_u:}7`  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" h,[L6-n  
        SetEntity eID, entity xU;SRB   
    Ar%*NxX  
        Update XT^=v6^H  
        Print "DONE!" eD*764tG  
         5<Kt"5Z%7  
    End Sub ^#5'` #t  
    )!(gS,  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: I Fw7?G,  
    AbNr]w&pXC  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ;D'm=uOl  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P2'c{],3V  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 e N`+r  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 7FwtBO  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 k}LIMkEa4a  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 /)K')  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 F=F84 _+K  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 ZK4V-?/[6  
    DONE! AO<T6 VK  
    3]S*p ErY  
    (文章来源:讯技光电)
     
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