[转载]FRED运用：Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 |aS.a&vwR  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &PHTpkaam  
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模型 k]|~>9eY]  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ec;o\erPG  
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光源 f'RX6$}\1X  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 %aCqi(.7  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 i&fuSk EP  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 \V63qg[  
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视网膜的散射 5C]x!>kX  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 !f[_+CD  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 "(O>=F&  
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脚本 2%m BK  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： b8UO,fY q  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 tyFzSrfc  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 XpHrt XD  
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分析 n_A3#d<9  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 6H$FhJF  
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脚本代码 q0vQa  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _Fl9>C"u  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Y$_B1_  
Dim op As T_OPERATION PJH&  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL g2_"zDiw2  
Dim A As Double #*
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Dim pupilDiam As Double VTE .^EK!  
Dim eID As Long Fx.=#bVX7  
Dim parID As Long 57c8xk[.2  
Dim count As Integer 4tBYR9|  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double :vbW  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double e\L8oOk#r  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ^1.By^ $  
Dim ok As Long .ioEIsg  
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Sub Main 4kx N<]  
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    '用户输入对话框 &^jXEz;  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L!xi  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 tWcHb #  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 bk[!8-b/a  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 #ABZ&Z  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 @q)d  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 YT,{E,U;  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 3Y$GsN4ln  
    End Dialog cvL;3jRo  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog J|73.&B  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) +ZP7{%  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed K[YyBEid  
        Print "Execution cancelled." BI@[\aRLQ  
        End |FRg\#kf%  
    End If p!%pP}I  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty xAm6BB c  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Q3?F(ER@  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation Nh+H9  
    Else #RLt^$!H  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) X:{!n({r=  
    End If F#E3q|Q"BS  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then vl)l'
 
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 8&dF  
    Else hDGF
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )4;`^]F  
    End If $*m-R*kt  
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    Print " " 1$ {SRU7l  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" rytyw77t(  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" "0TZTa1e  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K*dCc}:`  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness BY*8ri^u  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Y_P!B^z3  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens `Q,H|hp;k;  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens dAj$1Ke  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens }Y4qS  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness lu/ (4ED  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }<:}XlwT%  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation RD&PDXT4  
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    '************************************************************************* N{>n$v}  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `r_/Wt{g  
    '************************************************************************* kcxAd   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }ad|g6i
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity +ck}l2&#  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |Q>IrT  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z vvOV2n.WD  
    count = 0 a[TMDU;(/4  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Z/J y'$x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &+R?_Ooibk  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Aiea\jBv  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WX
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            count=count-1 HpnWoDM  
        End If KK &?gTa  
        count=count+1 w%sT{(Vd`C  
    Wend 40 0#v|b  
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    'Set new shift in `P ,d$H "  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" xN%K^Tree  
    op.val1 = taq CJI~_3+K  
    op.parent = parID Wv/=
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    AddOperation eID, op v*yuE5{  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F4{IEZ  
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    '************************************************************************* f y8Uk;  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens L j$;:/G  
    '************************************************************************* 0qT%!ku&  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Ti&z1_u  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lb1Xsgm{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant C"enpc_C/  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 8-6L|#J#  
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    '************************************************************************* \D&KC,i5f  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens xn|(9#1o  
    '************************************************************************* L&OwPd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) \5cpFj5%  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic yR.Ong  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 2dgd~   
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost n?K  
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    '************************************************************************* tFl"n;~T  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) sUm'  
    '************************************************************************* &]-DqK7  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dGTsc/$  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Ld-_,-n  
    count = 0 @AuO`I@p=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <_KIK  
        GetOperation eID, count, op eKqk= (  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $,fX:x  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 w:l V"]1  
        End If $ o#V#  
        count=count+1 y$R_.KbO  
    Wend vgN&K@hJ  
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    'Set new z-shift B^jc3 VsR  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" efE.&]  
    op.val1 = tlens b*Q&CL  
    op.parent = parID mU9kVx1+  
    AddOperation eID, op %GIr&V4|  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens lCHO;7YHX  
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    '************************************************************************* wo5   
    'Lens index of refraction &XU
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    '************************************************************************* QnX(V[  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 8|58 H  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat CQDkFQq-dq  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |)/aGZ+  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat =rX>1  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens H~z`]5CN  
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    '************************************************************************* 3%=~)7cF  
    'Pupil diameter `,*5wBC  
    '************************************************************************* P J[`|  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) )IZ~G\Ra'  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) b9dLt6d  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" V,N%;iB}  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens !brf(-sr)  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) /fV;^=:8c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c<$OA=n  
    count = 0 I?G:p+  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7EO_5/cY  
        GetOperation eID, count, op l_
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0>Z_*U~6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count fXQNHZ|4  
            count=count-1 Jo23P.#<  
        End If ."y1_dDql  
        count=count+1 Qv/=&_6  
    Wend 3I-MdApT  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Al
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]-QA'Lq  
    op.parent = parID T0rGM  
    AddOperation eID, op mUF,@>o  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 'Ne@e)s9  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description (qulwOt~w  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dL )<% o  
    GetEntity eID, entity &H:(z4/  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y:qUn!3  
    SetEntity eID, entity %;YHt=(1*X  
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    Update oIj#>1~c%  
    Print "DONE!" = 6\^%  
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End Sub 9j:"J` '  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： O55 xS+3^k  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters $aXer:  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ]1pIj i[  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 .z}~4BY  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <1\Nb
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 agW@{c  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 s>n)B^64W  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?zHPJLv|Y  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ~|xA4u5LG  
DONE! ut/=R !(K  
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