Optical Metrology Third Edition [R%*C9Y d
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Kjell J. G˚asvik d<Q%h?E
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway LDHu10l
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Preface to the Third Edition xi `pZX!6Wn
1Basics 1 qAH^BrJ
1.1 Introduction 1 uK"FopUJ4i
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
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1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 S qb>a j
1.4 Phase Difference 4 n9={D
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 KhB775
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 Q. O4R_ H
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 X 5
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1.8 The Intensity 8 UhS:tT]7
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 K&NH?
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 X5[t6q!
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 63Gq5dF
2 Gaussian Optics 15 u _9c>
2.1 Introduction 15 x} c
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 %~Rg `+
2.2.1 Examples 19 kG!hqj
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 d!R+-F p
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 g*YA~J@
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 (P-^ PNz&
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 dG5jhkPX
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 X coPkW
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 8Z9>h:c1
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 s <!G2~T
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 >(ig Va Z>
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 e8xq`:4Y
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 S8/~'<out
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 (W:@v&p
3 Interference 37 AkS16A
3.1 Introduction 37 U.t][#<3
3.2 General Description 37 A"b31*_
3.3 Coherence 38 \l /}` w
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 >\?
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3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 8Z\q)T
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 E#r QJ
3.6 Interferometry 49 W )Y`8&,
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 JnK<:]LcK
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 [=jZP,b&),
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 )?#K0 o[<
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 oOI0q_bf
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 _^GBfM.
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 /Ls|'2J<$
4 Diffraction 67 } 'x)e
4.1 Introduction 67 $aJay]F
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 ff.k1%wr^
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 Fh)xm* u(
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 wQy~5+LE
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 -Z ,r\9d
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 f]%S FQ+
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 8el6z2
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 @~ke=w6&pe
4.6 Physical Optics Description Fik ;hB
of Image Formation 81 ' abEY
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 .cs x"JC
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 (! {*@?S
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 i&6U5Va,G
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 unn2I|XH
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 F 6yFKNK!n
5.1 Introduction 99 7_s+7x =
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 &&C70+_po
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 Q}B]b-c+E
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 8h=m()Eu
5.2.3 Examples 105 hizM}d-"C
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 Iga + 8 k
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 56s%Qlgx
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 RA<ky*^dr
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 RDDA^U7y#
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 oA- ,>:}g{
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 l]zQSXip
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 M}11 tUl
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 * > nOL
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