Optical Metrology Third Edition v\:>}
<g c %;9f$:U Kjell J. G˚asvik
G*e/Ft.wf8 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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;Gxp'y %"j<` Preface to the Third Edition xi
~=P&wBnJ 1Basics 1
H"d.yZM0 1.1 Introduction 1
Ul OoMGg 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
x=yBB;& 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
?3Wh. %n 1.4 Phase Difference 4
W,YzD&f=uS 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Z~$=V:EA? 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
zl46E~"]x 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
[g/Hf(& 1.8 The Intensity 8
V@<tIui$ 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
5) o-$1s A 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
lRnst-inlI 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
q~.\NKc 2 Gaussian Optics 15
A\lnH5A 2.1 Introduction 15
+Tde#T &[ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
L.lm bx n 2.2.1 Examples 19
; P I =jp 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
|h(!CF R 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
#ldNWwvRGj 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
yI nW?3 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
b&~rZ 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
83:m 7; 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
A/%K= H? 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
~R7rIP8W r 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
2pH2s\r<UJ 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
=&xamA) 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
S #%'Vrp 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
.Ff; St 3 Interference 37
?s #DD, 3.1 Introduction 37
P~iu|j 3.2 General Description 37
lh3%2 Dq$ 3.3 Coherence 38
WZdA<<,:o 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
^o,Hu# 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
%Y:'5\^lC 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
4vPQu k! 3.6 Interferometry 49
dgE|*1/0 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
)-#% 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
,d<wEB?\` 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
$jo}?Y+ 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
/"tVOv# 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
0 FsGqFt 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
FVT_%"%C9 4 Diffraction 67
S%-L!V , 4.1 Introduction 67
}3j/%oN.( 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
qbu Lcy3 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
["Ep.7=SU 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
1C^6' 9o 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
xKEHN gen 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
ny'~pT'00 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
2!cP[ Ck 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
g&O%qX- 4.6 Physical Optics Description
G9:[W"P of Image Formation 81
ueZ `+g~gg 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
}:5r# Cd 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
Sb> ;k(;`: 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
o~<37J3). 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
N-]h+Cnyu 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
pY!@w0. 5.1 Introduction 99
P )_ g t 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
zGj0 '!!- 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
M/ :kh,3 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
\;I%>yOIu 5.2.3 Examples 105
#JYv1F 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
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,E$^i~OO 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
!h}x,=`z/ 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
`Q<hL {AH 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
TjncW/\Z 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
r^n%PH < 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
[m Jc c 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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