Optical Metrology Third Edition G<9UL*HU UTw f! Kjell J. G˚asvik
$Yh7N5XH, Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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X(F 2 5 ` z<k7ig Preface to the Third Edition xi
]J\to s Ti 1Basics 1
wjGD[~mB 1.1 Introduction 1
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BV4 i$ 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
_w8iPL5: 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
j_ dCy 1.4 Phase Difference 4
vz VXRX 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
!\.%^LK1 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
|) {)w` 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
5 3=zHYQ 1.8 The Intensity 8
M&Aeh8>uX 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
yrO \\No#H 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
'1]Iu@? 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
y21zaQ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
6XPf0G l 2.1 Introduction 15
o@6:|X)7 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
O p^r }7 2.2.1 Examples 19
$Il?[4FF 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
q~9Y &>D 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
j #e^PK < 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
[ UN`~ 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
_MfXN$I?} 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
SS; [{u ! 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
]F[ V6`H 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
2aiZ 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
<4Z;a2l}U 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
KTX; x2r 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
]i\C4* 3 Interference 37
O?|st$g 3.1 Introduction 37
~ Ti 3.2 General Description 37
h^ #K4/ 3.3 Coherence 38
#Pi }2RBRu 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
aKdi 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
'(M8D5?N- 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
,g Hgb 3.6 Interferometry 49
Q$_S/d%* 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
L=zt\L 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
qE73M5L& 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
H2oAek( 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
][R#Q;y< 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
3(|8gWQ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
`* !t<?$i 4 Diffraction 67
(~t/8!7N 4.1 Introduction 67
rdd%"u+ 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
oW]~\vp^0 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
\yeo-uN8 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
.<8kDyi m 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
V6%J9+DK 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
m}Z=m8 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
A
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bbevy!m 4.6 Physical Optics Description
ZsjDe {TH of Image Formation 81
*3 _@#Uu7 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
>*v!2= 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
r|[uR$|Y 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
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@ %L rpD 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
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z& !n'N <C 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
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f g1_D 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
*,B o $:(n 5.2.3 Examples 105
-A}U^-'a} 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
#P8R 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
Ph(bgQg 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
+[$d9 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
*^cJn*QeL 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
G-?y;V 1 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
Z/nTI 0N{ 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
XD>(M{~ 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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