Optical Metrology Third Edition M&j|5UH%.
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Kjell J. G˚asvik g w([08
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway s:}? rSI
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Preface to the Third Edition xi X+aQ 7^"s
1Basics 1 :rUMmO -
1.1 Introduction 1 R~4X?@ZB
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 _ \6v @
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 n?.; *:
1.4 Phase Difference 4 gHLI>ew*QR
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 <ToBVG X
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 V_gl#e#
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 ;"Kgg:K>W
1.8 The Intensity 8 KOS0Du
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 f\<r1
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 Nnl 3r@
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 yov~'S9
2 Gaussian Optics 15 aDK b78 1d
2.1 Introduction 15 p H y
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 q++r\d^{
2.2.1 Examples 19 js< d"m*
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 xmv %O&0^}
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 ;7lON-@BI
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 |6*Bu1
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 CJ\a7=*i
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 a/j;1xcc<
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 b&U1^{(
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 }tW-l*\U
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 N&NBn(
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 *8Z2zmZtR^
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 R ZY=c
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 fY!?rZ)$
3 Interference 37 g#J aw|N
3.1 Introduction 37 2!^=G=H/
3.2 General Description 37 i)o;,~ee
3.3 Coherence 38 !CGX \cvW
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 K3?5 bT_{
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 Tn}`VW~
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 0>sa{Z
3.6 Interferometry 49 {cm?Q\ DT
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 JN0h3nZ_
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 fg ^25g'_
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 v A/SrX.
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 !DZ=`a?y
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 _Je 4&KU
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 1>J.kQR^
4 Diffraction 67
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4.1 Introduction 67 f ^$,;
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 Qg *\aa94
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 1B~O!']N<
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 =?RI`}vw_H
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 x0
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4.4 Fourier Optics 75 E]@&<TFq
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 (9]Uuvfp6"
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 <7^|@L
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4.6 Physical Optics Description +:FXtO>n"
of Image Formation 81 QL/KY G
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 ]8p{A#1
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 =w$&n%~
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 {[ H_Vl@
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 *)Rm X$v3
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 I=0c\ U}
5.1 Introduction 99 8Qg10Yjy
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 L/8oqO|
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 op6]"ZV -C
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 P(D>4/f3"
5.2.3 Examples 105 mU/o%|h
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 V:n0 BlZ,B
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 ?@b6( f
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5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 ?:;;0kSk
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 V\L;EHtc$
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 rqamBm 5
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 *S;}&VAZ
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 WPNB!" E98
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 fs! dI
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