Optical Metrology Third Edition l{Et:W%|
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Kjell J. G˚asvik I%{ 1K+V/
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway t]T't='
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Preface to the Third Edition xi =7EkN% V:{
1Basics 1 [<sN "
1.1 Introduction 1 mnx`e>0
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 /4}y2JVv)
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 -"I9`
1.4 Phase Difference 4 ^\r{72!y
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 R 5\|pC
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 I|Mw*2U
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 _YN
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1.8 The Intensity 8 ( C.a Q)|T
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 ^O}J',Fm%f
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 `NNP}O2
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 %r&36d'
2 Gaussian Optics 15 2cwJ);Eg2
2.1 Introduction 15 Ya-GDB;L
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 nW`] =
2.2.1 Examples 19 ? J-D6;
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 1~E;@eK'
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 >Bu _NoM
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 .*Bd'\:F/q
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 _w2KUvG-8
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 0H x'C^m72
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 9m<%+ S5&
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 Ua4P@#cU
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 A-*MH#QUKh
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 IJC]Al,df
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 ["e;8H[K)%
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 wr~Qy4 ny
3 Interference 37 1tTY )Evf
3.1 Introduction 37 Asy2jw\V
3.2 General Description 37 a-AA$U9hj
3.3 Coherence 38 A|GsbRuy
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 w ~^{V4V
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 c=^69>w
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 Lhrlz,1
3.6 Interferometry 49 shO4>Ha
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 nU 0##
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 MO|Pv j~[
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 r%>EiHpCU
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 bR$5 G
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 PZ#aq~>w
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 G_5w5dbG
4 Diffraction 67 d[*NDMO
4.1 Introduction 67 D
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4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 @Y<fj^]k
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 ~f( #S*Ic
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 P.(z)!]
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 tK
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4.4 Fourier Optics 75 ~#)9Kl7<X
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 jo<Gf 5
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 s@Loax6@B
4.6 Physical Optics Description a&dP@)
of Image Formation 81 /||8j.Tm
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 6Wo Ff
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 !1@ o Z(
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 ;Wsl 'e/
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 C;#gy-
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 +;Gvp=hk
5.1 Introduction 99 / Xv@g$
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 Q5u3~Q'e
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 1_StgFu u
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 2vddx<&
5.2.3 Examples 105 jpOcug`f
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 JeAyT48!M
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 : qV|rih_Q
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 wo$ F_!3u
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 E.-2 /'i
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 KXUJ*l -5
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 sDu &9+
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 }uO2 x@
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 75A60Uw
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