Optical Metrology Third Edition E])X$:P?
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Kjell J. G˚asvik 8jxs%N,aI
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway ;zZGV4Qc~
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Preface to the Third Edition xi kTe0"
1Basics 1 ecl$z6'c
1.1 Introduction 1 ~IP3~m D
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 jhmWwT/O8^
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 w+Cs=!
1.4 Phase Difference 4 _m8JU
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 +""8aA
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 I_/k J#7vj
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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1.8 The Intensity 8 A! j4;=}
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 3kl\W[`?
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 #H1ng<QV
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 Mb#-I
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2 Gaussian Optics 15 Ikbz3]F^V
2.1 Introduction 15 '5vgpmn
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 kb>/R/,9
2.2.1 Examples 19 D Tw3$:
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 qp@:Zqz8
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 !ENb \'>J>
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 .5PcprE/
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 hiN6]jL|O
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 38hA g uZX
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 e2 ?7>?
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 $A/$M\ :
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 ]c \gUU
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 T; u >]"S
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 c%+9uu3
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 B3V=;zn 3
3 Interference 37 [|\JIr=of5
3.1 Introduction 37 qq+fUfB2:
3.2 General Description 37 5$|wW}SA
3.3 Coherence 38 Yy"05V.
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 9rn[46s`
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 ?`oCc [hY
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 u}7#3JfLn
3.6 Interferometry 49 Y M_\ ZK:
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 p6yC1\U!o
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 M)U 32gI:
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 JKkR963 O
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 4oF8F)ASj
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 7O)U(<70
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 P"< HxT?
4 Diffraction 67 [7~ !M*o9
4.1 Introduction 67 tCk;tu!d
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 x_JCH7-
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 tfr*/+F
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 IR+dGqIjZb
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 'wd-!aZAd
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 IQS:tL/
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 \V|\u= @H
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 24)3^1P\V
4.6 Physical Optics Description @e RR#S
of Image Formation 81 +oZq~2?*S6
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 ;R E|9GR
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 [ =Y @Ul
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 (I d]'w4
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 3hOiHO
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5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 M%dXy^e
5.1 Introduction 99 5' /Ney9N
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 SS Kn7`
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 U j)~ >V'
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 M ]dS>W%U
5.2.3 Examples 105 eU"!X9
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 krPwFp2[*
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 !_VKJZ uH
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 a a=GW%
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 k[] B
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5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 Ji_3*(
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 fQ5V RpWGn
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 O+Fu zCWj
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 {$,e@nn
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