Optical Metrology Third Edition tEt46]{ f8ZuG !U Kjell J. G˚asvik
7!wc'~; Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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;G[0%z+* \XwC |[%P Preface to the Third Edition xi
EM`'=<)V 1Basics 1
I9m9`4BK 1.1 Introduction 1
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* 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
mn\A)RQ 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
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tQZ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
R+_!FnOJ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
bZr,jLEf 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
n_:EWm$\ 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
v+}${h9 1.8 The Intensity 8
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L 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
wS+!>Q_]w 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
*}T|T%L4) 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
O /:FY1 2 Gaussian Optics 15
Sk)lT^by 2.1 Introduction 15
A\W)uwyN 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
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)/o_R 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
<1B+@ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
&,=FPlTC= 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
Go^TTL 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
OhMJt&s9P= 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
bwcr/J(Nb 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
t\a|Gp W 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
2i;ox*SfpU 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
cA|vH^: 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
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>]&Ow9- 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Jgg< u# 3 Interference 37
t%J1(H 3.1 Introduction 37
4=EA3`l 3.2 General Description 37
``I[1cC 3.3 Coherence 38
?L0k|7 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
-(>Ch>O 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
co1aG,>"q 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
VIN0kRQ# 3.6 Interferometry 49
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FvG?%IFM 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
0xO*8aKT 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
M_-L#FHX 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
eB=&(ZT 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
$45.*>, 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
;ISe@yR; 4 Diffraction 67
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!c{F{t-a 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
^6R(K'E} 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
m(}}%VeR"z 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
S D{ )Sq 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
$COjC!M 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
7S&$M-k 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
&"I csxG 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
^]'_Qbi]} 4.6 Physical Optics Description
R dwt4A+ of Image Formation 81
^Y+Lf]zz* 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
X{Hh^H 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
M8<Vd1-5 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
B2P@9u|9 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
,W|-?b? 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
a h_>:x 5.1 Introduction 99
m4m|? 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
%2\tly!{ % 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
M?L$xE_& 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
_MLf58 5.2.3 Examples 105
A_9J~3 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
i%i/>;DF 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
c.b| RM0; 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
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5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
*B}O 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
.RJMtmp 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
%lWOW2~R 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
3Jlap=]68S 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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