Optical Metrology Third Edition 2[BA( B
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Kjell J. G˚asvik ni0LQuBp
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway UKYupLu5
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Preface to the Third Edition xi ^yD"d =z
1Basics 1 {9'hOi50
1.1 Introduction 1 um}N%5GAa
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 V7n >,k5
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 {DS\!0T-X
1.4 Phase Difference 4 7 BK46x
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 cUNGo%Y
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 =<>p KQ)[
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 X,&xhSzg?
1.8 The Intensity 8 Kv1vx*>
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 gTuX *7w
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 |zb`&tv}
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 S8v x[ <
2 Gaussian Optics 15 +&?'KZ+Z_v
2.1 Introduction 15 RAdvIIQp:
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 f{f_g8f[
2.2.1 Examples 19 tw]/,>\G
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 i@Vs4E[b
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 ]}/mFY ?7
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 Ys)+9yPPn
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 _>;&-e
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 [Yn;G7cK
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 8~}s 3j4
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 B QE{
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 zLo;.X[Y
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 a (P^e)<
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 w< v1 N
3 Interference 37 SHy tyd
3.1 Introduction 37 d\\r_ bGW
3.2 General Description 37 Al=(sHc'
3.3 Coherence 38 keq r%:E8
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 x GwTk
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 9e0C3+)CY
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 r[6#G2
3.6 Interferometry 49 P"oYC$
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 j
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3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 Cc@= ?
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 "w(N6 2z/
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 (zjz]@qJ
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 MV%
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3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 \8=e |a5`
4 Diffraction 67 fEx+gQW_
4.1 Introduction 67 aJEbAs}
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 eo >/
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 ~gSwxGT7d
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 _!CK
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 &oon'q5;
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 GS$ZvO
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 JR H f.?
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 %'RI 3gy
4.6 Physical Optics Description ) j{WeG7L
of Image Formation 81 CP c"
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 9(QU2QY
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 ,[Dh2fPM,
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 &&]"Y!r -
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 ?2J S &i
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 >k$[hk*~
5.1 Introduction 99 \e`6= Q %
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 zF[3%qZE:T
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 C ffTv
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 DBu)xr}7A
5.2.3 Examples 105 5W?yj>JR
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 \SYPu,ZT
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 +Fu@I{"A
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 "i!2=A8k
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 0C7thl{Dms
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 sf.E|]isW
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 ?c|`R1D
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 [JX}1%NA
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 adRNrt*!
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