Optical Metrology Third Edition ]1-z! B 4K CDy^UQb Kjell J. G˚asvik
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` :{B(+6 eEc4bV Qa Preface to the Third Edition xi
}}{!u0N},V 1Basics 1
2h 30\/xkU 1.1 Introduction 1
f ,i5iSYf 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
1m<RwI3s 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
sPAg)6&M 1.4 Phase Difference 4
:HViX:]H 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Jw n AW}= 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
dpZ;l 9 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
(AY9oei> 1.8 The Intensity 8
_,h@: Xij 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
m8]?hJY 3l 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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Yz+3 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
tY W>t9 2 Gaussian Optics 15
' $|UwT`s 2.1 Introduction 15
_K2?YY(#> 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
Tq<2`*Qs 2.2.1 Examples 19
PnT)LqEF 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
{ Ng oYl 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
w6|9|f/ 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
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2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
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5R$G(Ap_ 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
l kIn%=Z 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
Lju7,/UD 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
0:Xxl76v4 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
wHjLd$ +o 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
5} ie]/[| 3 Interference 37
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YE u 1#N 3.3 Coherence 38
/h2b;" 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
.@ C{3$,VG 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
Fh7 '[>onw 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
^he=)rBb? 3.6 Interferometry 49
;#G oGb4AM 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
]Hj<IvG 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
{npcPp9 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
WnFG{S{s 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Z!xVgM{ 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
B-.v0R`5 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
Wm'QP4` 4 Diffraction 67
+Z2MIC|Ud 4.1 Introduction 67
uNbH\qd= 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
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D 5%E7 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
!;@_VWR 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
:^ i9] 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
3XiO@jzre 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
nm$Dd~mxW1 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
,[p
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O/%< }3Sq 4.6 Physical Optics Description
ub0zJTFJ# of Image Formation 81
k?BJdg)xJ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
;P &y,:<m: 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
q+SD6qM 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
^da44Qqu 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
P27%xV-n > 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
uD_v! 5.1 Introduction 99
+`mGK:> 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
?B@;QjhjiJ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
|as!Ui/J/ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
DVZdClAL 5.2.3 Examples 105
+ j+5ud ` 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
JuRH>` 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
dBsX*}C 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
<E;pgw! 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
,:J us 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
A*h{L sx; 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
p1pQU={< 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
P`4]-5gE 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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