Optical Metrology Third Edition >fjf]
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Kjell J. G˚asvik %pMW5]H
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway 53L)+\7w
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Preface to the Third Edition xi SQeQ"k|P%
1Basics 1 i->sw#
1.1 Introduction 1 J@Li*Ypo
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 g~cWBr%>
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 v7ae^iU
1.4 Phase Difference 4 _
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1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 83 S],L
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 4y knX% [
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 S"Efp/-
1.8 The Intensity 8 mV;7SBoT
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 b*bR<|dT j
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 rOcfPLJi0
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 6s Pd")%G
2 Gaussian Optics 15 @}FRiPo6
2.1 Introduction 15 f6m^pbQFl
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 'n=FBu ^
2.2.1 Examples 19 kh`X92~
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
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2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 ^wX_@?aKtt
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 I($u
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2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 ue`F|
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 ;BI{v^()s
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 uZqo"
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 >6aCBS? 2
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 F~{ 4)`
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 KR{kn[2|Q
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 0^.q5#A2
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 *fjarZu
3 Interference 37 >z( 6ADq
3.1 Introduction 37 t rHj 7Nw
3.2 General Description 37 -5Ccuk>6
3.3 Coherence 38 A\=:h AQ
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 ;B7>/q;g
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 c*3ilMP\4
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 ln3.TR*
3.6 Interferometry 49 02S Uyv(Mt
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 87*R#((
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 r*WdD/r|
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 (OJ}|*\ e
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 Uqkh@-6-
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 #Q;#A |EZ
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 #Uudx~b
4 Diffraction 67 QJ$]~)w?H
4.1 Introduction 67 MM^tk{2?.
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 <1 hwXo
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 R
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4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 )of_"gZ$3A
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 atPf527\`
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 ;aD_^XY
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 (=p}b:Z
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 @m(\f
4.6 Physical Optics Description n:7=z0
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of Image Formation 81 N'^ 0:zK:
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 5xRh'Jkyb
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 i~\gEMaO
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 ,,@_r&f:
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 T sR20P @
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 U;;Har
5.1 Introduction 99 [t ^|l?
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 XbHcd8N T
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 S?D2`b
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 .}Xkr+
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5.2.3 Examples 105 V,2O `D%
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 A@`C<O ^
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 4I, HvP
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 ?p$WqVN}
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 5Lue.U%a
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 +[z(N
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 E{j6OX\
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 ] bRu8kn
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 u |#ruFR
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