Optical Metrology Third Edition TJeou# =/
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Kjell J. G˚asvik !pG+Ak?
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway fQ2!sV
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Preface to the Third Edition xi e5]&1^+
1Basics 1 _%AJmt}
1.1 Introduction 1 hWl""66+5
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 ;LwFbkOuU
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 f hVbJU
1.4 Phase Difference 4 =U)n`#6_j2
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 ~gSF@tz@
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 uzat."`d'
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 DQL06`pX/
1.8 The Intensity 8 Dx p >
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 ,%"\\#3S
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 >w%d'e $
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 >$#*`6R
2 Gaussian Optics 15 ~(Ih~/5\^
2.1 Introduction 15 k)<~nc -
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 6 qz!M
2.2.1 Examples 19 F^/~@^{P
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 E.5*Jr=J
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 w>/pQ6=OFR
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 (ffOu#RQ3
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 uFA|r X
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 i'eY mm96Q
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 , }xpYq_/
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 XL"v21X
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 A?6{
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 [[.&, 6
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 F3H:I"4
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 rFt ,36 #
3 Interference 37 GlV-}5W
3.1 Introduction 37 < :kTTye|
3.2 General Description 37 3 cV+A ]i
3.3 Coherence 38 A ~yw8v5UF
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 xv(xweV+d
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 5VoOJ_hq
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 [Ls2k &) 0
3.6 Interferometry 49 & cn%4Er
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 #%} u8\q
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 ctwhfS|Y0
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 ],fwZd[t
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 r(?'Y y
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 Le#E! sU
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 /
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4 Diffraction 67 toYg$IV
4.1 Introduction 67 sJjl)Qs)T
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 /pSUn"3
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 EP*["fx
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 8h@)9Q]d\
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 hK9t}NE.O
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 t?#vb}_
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 ;s!ns N
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 !X v2PdP
4.6 Physical Optics Description `Q(]AG I2
of Image Formation 81 L(!!7B_,
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 7zJh; f/
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 #%=vy\r
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 Wj f>:\ w
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 dWq/) %@t
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 kVG6\<c]
5.1 Introduction 99 B 1i!te}*
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 Mh-*5Rx
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 LK-K_!F
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 X~Rk ,d3
5.2.3 Examples 105 JK'_P}[]I
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 G,mH!lSm,
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 _]PfeCn:j
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 -$]DO5fY
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 8ZDqqz^C0
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 -<}>YtB
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5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 .xc/2:m9
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 7&;jje[
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5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 65`'Upu
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