Optical Metrology Third Edition zLP],wB
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Kjell J. G˚asvik 2B^~/T<\
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway i^W Ir h3a
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Preface to the Third Edition xi ?w*yW;V`
1Basics 1 i3\~Qj;1
1.1 Introduction 1 r@iASITX
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 m4@MxQm
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 7,*%[#-HE
1.4 Phase Difference 4 >8|+%pK8<
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 3YW=||;|Yg
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 H'EY)s Hi
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 j&WL*XP&5
1.8 The Intensity 8 [EgW/ \35
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 3[r";Wt#
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 ACb/ITu
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 lyyX<=E{)
2 Gaussian Optics 15 FPF6H puV
2.1 Introduction 15
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2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 X8b|]Nr
2.2.1 Examples 19 ~ ].ggcl`w
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 4O(@'#LLz
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 %hc 'dZ
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 \5~;MI.Sq
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 t,h{+lYU
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 /Wu |)tx
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 \ , 8p1$G
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 b #/i.!:a
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 03([@d6<E
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 \gItZ}+c4}
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 A2NF<ZsD
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 1 {Jb"
3 Interference 37 DK6? E\<
3.1 Introduction 37 =1Z;Ma<;
3.2 General Description 37 ` H
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3.3 Coherence 38 ZB [ k{Y
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 /ZW &0 E
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 j)by }}
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 L\e>B> u
3.6 Interferometry 49 R* 9NR,C
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 \G>Zk gU
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 KzphNHd
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 'e@=^FC
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 }mZV L~|V
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 nN aXp*J
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 BAV> o |-K
4 Diffraction 67 c2 *`2qK#
4.1 Introduction 67 Bu3T/m
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 gg^1b77hT
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 nX^1$')gp
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 -.iNNM&a
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 uP@\#/4u
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 S&(^<gwl
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 \NK -L."[
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 0 [8=c&F
4.6 Physical Optics Description (K :]7
of Image Formation 81 <7XT\?%F
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 WR#0<cz(
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 % /}WUP^H
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 909md|9K3
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 u6 Je@e_!
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 1J}8sG2`
5.1 Introduction 99 QI}E4-s8
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 (GcT(~Gq)D
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 iqwkARG"
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 }BJX/, H,
5.2.3 Examples 105 *7$P]
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 tX%`#hb?s
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 oVOm_N
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 &dR=?bz-A
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 r~7:daG *
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 E9}{1A
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 "T S
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 PRB{VC<k
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 VDbI-P&c
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