Optical Metrology Third Edition C|$L6n>DR6
.Qfnd#
Kjell J. G˚asvik +\U]p_Fo3
Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway .M+v?A d
OT+ Ee
yId;\o B
Preface to the Third Edition xi M,JA;a, _
1Basics 1 A^cU$V%?W
1.1 Introduction 1 #7\b\~5
1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 6oA~J]<
1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3 jnDQ{D
1.4 Phase Difference 4 j=Q$K #sBt
1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5 9ET/I$n
1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5 *N'hA5.z
1.7 The Spherical Wave 7 <c \]Ct
1.8 The Intensity 8 /4H[4m]I
1.9 Geometrical Optics 8 *pK lA&_
1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10 ?k::tNv0
1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11 T\cR2ZT~
2 Gaussian Optics 15 2R] XH
0
2.1 Introduction 15 V *~423
2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15 a6qwL4
2.2.1 Examples 19 m8u=u4z("
2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19 |f3U%2@
2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21 3/l\ <{
2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23 _^b@>C>O
2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25 +:!ScG*
2.7 Stops and Apertures 26 s~)L_ p
2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28 E+I m~=m$
2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29 %GS\1 Q%
2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30 XW^8A 77H
2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30 S{ey@ X(
2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32 qf)C%3gXI
2.10.3 The Microscope 34 %awVVt{aG
3 Interference 37
363cuRP
3.1 Introduction 37 s1Okoxh/!V
3.2 General Description 37 _l<| 1nH
3.3 Coherence 38 &:q[-K@!
3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41 N
tO?
3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45 D-~G|8g
3.5 Interference between other Waves 46 2 mSD"[%
3.6 Interferometry 49 :;q>31:h
3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50 bSY;[{ Kl
3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51 ?LR"hZ>
3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54 @Mzz2&(d U
3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55 [pr 9 $Jr
3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56 erXy>H[;
3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61 .B6`OX&k
4 Diffraction 67 -!i;7[N
4.1 Introduction 67 6EZ1YG}
4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67 ;FcExg|k
4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70 YN4"O>
4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70 7F=2t_2O
4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73 aN:HG)$@
4.4 Fourier Optics 75 ot]>}[
4.5 Optical Filtering 76 g>UBZA4
4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78 8g.AT@ ,Q
4.6 Physical Optics Description ZU )BJ!L,s
of Image Formation 81 >6XDX=JVI
4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83 FT<H ]Nf
4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85 W0C{~|e
4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88 k?o^5@b/
4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89 B'<!k7Ew y
5 Light Sources and Detectors 99 a5X`jo
5.1 Introduction 99 D akLD~H;
5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99 N?\bBt@
5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102 (%6(5,
5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103 hx*HY%\P
5.2.3 Examples 105 O >nK ,.
5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108 HE*7\"9
5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109 \5t`p67Ve_
5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109 1V-=$Q3
V7
5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112 7t ZW^dF
5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114 4[2=L9MIo~
5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114 ?]s%(R,B5
5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117 &fCP2]hj'
5.4.6 Other Lasers 119 -l\~p4 U
. ~g*Y,
Y
. <9 ePi9D(
.
