Optical Metrology Third Edition K*q[(,9 S4N(cn& Kjell J. G˚asvik
uI~s8{0T6 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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Vw9 Preface to the Third Edition xi
?WUF!Jk 1Basics 1
PRkS Q4 1.1 Introduction 1
|F[=b'? 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
lx |5?P 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
r@U3sO#N 1.4 Phase Difference 4
J@_ctGv 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
=PkO!M m8 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
H#i{?RM@l 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
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cc}Key@D 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
< IJu7t> 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
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{2&m`D bm 2 Gaussian Optics 15
H OoPrB m 2.1 Introduction 15
31WC=ur5 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
@{hd{>K* 2.2.1 Examples 19
q%(EYM5Y 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
C NsNZJ 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
5|QzU|gPn 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
Z[Qza13lo 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
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2I/xJ+ 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
%" D%: 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
6$U]9D 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
'1?\/,em 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
{q%Sx*k9[ 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
j;b42G~p 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
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ZFJ 3 Interference 37
DdQ;Q5| 3.1 Introduction 37
);V2?G`/ 3.2 General Description 37
_"@CGX u 3.3 Coherence 38
7 c|bc6? 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
cD*}..-/4 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
dU) ]:>Uz 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
\Ig68dFf% 3.6 Interferometry 49
!RB) _7 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
b[9&l|y^ 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
mw$r$C{ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Wj|alH9< 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Q?b14]6im 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
:W#r huzC 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
E`int?C! 4 Diffraction 67
6!x&LoM 4.1 Introduction 67
^ G&3sF} 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
ho8` sh>N 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
3@+b }9s8 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
]aP= K s% 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
K 0gI) : 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
]i(-I <` 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
\B F*m"lz 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
w(ln5q 4.6 Physical Optics Description
x:-.+ C% of Image Formation 81
XU!2YO)t;! 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
n0Y+b[ +wj 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
=_$Q tq+h 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
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FZjH w_pP 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
Z;9>S=w! 5.1 Introduction 99
--;@2:lg{ 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
;g {qYj_ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
theZ ]5_C 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
V7#v6!7A@ 5.2.3 Examples 105
GjoIm? 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
infl. 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
R_M?dEtE> 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
^` un'5Vk 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
#/PA A 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
~ wg:!VWA) 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
zvABU+{jD 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
R1Sy9x . 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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