Optical Metrology Third Edition 0F#>CmD $T<}y_nHl Kjell J. G˚asvik
aS|wpm)K>8 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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_i6-<c.Q `o79g"kxe Preface to the Third Edition xi
AM} brO 1Basics 1
1Uf*^WW4 1.1 Introduction 1
CK_(b" 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
M }0 eu(_| 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
A =Dhod 1.4 Phase Difference 4
VGw(6`|! 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
44\>gI< 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
JK#vkCkyM 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
m}$+Hdk+7 1.8 The Intensity 8
6zIgQ4Bp24 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
1\dn 1Hh 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
6AN)vs} 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
o2-@o= F 2 Gaussian Optics 15
^*R (!P^ 2.1 Introduction 15
4z:#I ; 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
rZ_>`}O2 2.2.1 Examples 19
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E?PGu!&u 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
JO@ Bf 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
)[&_scSa 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
U},=LsDsW4 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
`-B+JQmen 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
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j2 h[70fWC 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
\g-j9|0 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
!c<w S Q, 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
GR'Ti*Qi 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
2aw& F Z? 3 Interference 37
Bz pP7 ZWV 3.1 Introduction 37
SQE[m 9v 3.2 General Description 37
;52'}%5 3.3 Coherence 38
+c206. 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
Snf"z8sw 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
i(2y:U3[@ 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
W V kR56 3.6 Interferometry 49
K&A;Z>l,v5 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
Y9 r3XhVI 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
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~3WL)% 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
=lr) gj 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
\tJFAc 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
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<n 4 Diffraction 67
yno(' 1B@ 4.1 Introduction 67
<o:@dS 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
9w;?- 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
T bE:||r?^ 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
(7$$; 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
/jD-\,:L} 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
fW0$ s` 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
){Mu~ P 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
Kf7W cJ4b 4.6 Physical Optics Description
b_$ 1f > of Image Formation 81
~krS#\ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
((DzUyK 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
Q]JX`HgPaU 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
HV] Ze>} 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
9\O(n> 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
EU `T6M 5.1 Introduction 99
G`]w?Di4 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
PE@+w#i7* 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
4 \ $3 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
X} JOX9pK 5.2.3 Examples 105
&d$~6'x* 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
"-i#BjZl/ 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
%l9$a`& 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
A[/I#Im7 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
A| x:UQlu 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
18!VO4u\I 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
mVH,HqsXa 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
SX+RBVZU 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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