Optical Metrology Third Edition ZT&[:>upR EiM\`" o Kjell J. G˚asvik
,:}VbQ:3I Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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7]L} ~ B\AyG4J Preface to the Third Edition xi
u_ :gqvC= 1Basics 1
;+f (1=x 1.1 Introduction 1
e'npa*.e 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
G v)*[7 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
0[ n;ZL~ 1.4 Phase Difference 4
t9W* N \ 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
Aj\m57e,6 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
t x1TtWo 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
js)E:+{A, 1.8 The Intensity 8
^JIs:\ g<< 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
}F V_jJ 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
?5d[BV 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
Jn?Z JZ 2 Gaussian Optics 15
q}JP;p(# 2.1 Introduction 15
78Zb IL 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
9J49s1 2.2.1 Examples 19
2U+wiE| 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
O'k<4'TC 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
`a7b,d 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
jw2hB[WR 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
0#ePg6n 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
2rP!] 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
g ?% ]()E 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
]tK<[8Y 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
g fv?#mp 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
^?0WE 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
[9CBTS r 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
Y5IQh V. 3 Interference 37
a! x?Apww 3.1 Introduction 37
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tN;~.\TKg 3.3 Coherence 38
:(jovse\ 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
]CnT4[f! 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
,}OQzK/"mP 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
'! ;Xxe5 3.6 Interferometry 49
_ =O;Lz$x 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
JHVesX 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
<M 3&\ 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
Z=s]@r 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
)!`>Q|]}Zd 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
zZCssn;[ 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
2;ogkPv ' 4 Diffraction 67
~ln96*)M; 4.1 Introduction 67
[*=UH* :'N 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
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i'Q 4touy 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
+JFE\>O 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
+-:G+9L@ 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
-S}^b6WL 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
`Yu4h+T 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
O `0A#h&No 4.6 Physical Optics Description
9fq CE619a of Image Formation 81
AUkePp78 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
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M*jn8OE 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
1FEY&rpR 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
- +|{#cz 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
?[Qxq34 5.1 Introduction 99
h IUO=f 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
Z o5.Yse 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
&uTK@ G+ 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
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jP"='6Vrw 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
2Yd;#i) 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
IY9##&c3> 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
w w{07g 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
=dI2j@}c 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
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.L>PL ?= 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
#v 4q:&yKf 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
z2A1h!Me 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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