Optical Metrology Third Edition C, nU.0 w~} .c:B Kjell J. G˚asvik
U$^ $7g 3 Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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C !6d`| CyD)=e { Preface to the Third Edition xi
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PN<? 1Basics 1
nv_9Llh=z 1.1 Introduction 1
]c\d][R N 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
@"'$e_jj" 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
?`U=Ps 1.4 Phase Difference 4
zb& 3{, 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
^=7XA894 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
!7jVK I80 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
a474[? 1.8 The Intensity 8
4 $_:a?9 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
J~k'b2(p3 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
q-TDg0 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
zHk7!|%Y 2 Gaussian Optics 15
E 9v<VoNP` 2.1 Introduction 15
d{*e 0 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
{`=k$1 2.2.1 Examples 19
g<PglRr" 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
10W6wIqK 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
Pj{Y 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
x5%x""VEK 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
6uKS!\EY| 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
raCgctYVq 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
C] >?YR4 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
wi@Qf6(mn 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
[ %6(1$Ih 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
)Rr0f 8 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
7 j8Ou3 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
vz3#.a~2 3 Interference 37
XWv; l) 3.1 Introduction 37
%2^wyVkq: 3.2 General Description 37
QI*< MF,1 3.3 Coherence 38
9#b/D&pX5 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
W?X3 :1c9: 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
xvTz|Y 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
*m*sg64Zw 3.6 Interferometry 49
@"__2\ 0 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
(fcJp)D 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
I@q(P>]X9 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
a<CACWsN.T 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
Q%n$IQr4gM 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
vXT>Dc2\! 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
^wxpinJ> 4 Diffraction 67
}0idFotck 4.1 Introduction 67
]..7t|^b& 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
3H ,?ZFFGz 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
dq^vK 4.3.1 The Grating Equation. Amplitude Transmittance 70
)%v nl~i! 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
W.Z`kH *B 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
,yH \nqEz 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
E D^0 t 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
3{9d5p|\i 4.6 Physical Optics Description
AH?4 F" of Image Formation 81
B/Z-Cp z] 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
ppzQh1 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
AA<QI' 6 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
cV:Ak~PKl 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
e\r%"~v 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
!!d?o 5.1 Introduction 99
^]MLEr!S 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
p> g[: ~ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
-_ <z_IL\% 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
vX|5*T`( 5.2.3 Examples 105
#*X\pjZ 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
U X%J?;g 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
+aOQ'*g 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
0sI7UK`m 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
V G|FjD 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
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