Optical Metrology Third Edition 09z%y[z gI8 r SmH Kjell J. G˚asvik
GyI(1O AW Spectra Vision AS, Trondheim, Norway
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(O {5L( <tkxE!xF`J Preface to the Third Edition xi
&2IrST{d:V 1Basics 1
^9 *FYV 1.1 Introduction 1
T d tn- 1.2 Wave Motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
tYV%izE 1.3 The Plane Wave. Light Rays 3
:Awnj!KNCc 1.4 Phase Difference 4
XQL"D)fw 1.5 Complex Notation. Complex Amplitude 5
s`"o-w\$> 1.6 Oblique Incidence of A Plane Wave 5
C"l_78 1.7 The Spherical Wave 7
hz#S b~g 1.8 The Intensity 8
@y:mj \J9 1.9 Geometrical Optics 8
3`sM/BoA 1.10 The Simple Convex (Positive) Lens 10
vlYDhjZk# 1.11 A Plane-Wave Set-Up 11
f1GV6/| m 2 Gaussian Optics 15
c@u)m}V 2.1 Introduction 15
hnWo.5;$ 2.2 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 15
*zoAD|0N 2.2.1 Examples 19
wn *<.s 2.3 The General Image-Forming System 19
B.w ihJVDg 2.4 The Image-Formation Process 21
N)'oX3?x 2.5 Reflection at a Spherical Surface 23
L B`=+FD 2.6 Aspheric Lenses 25
@Dc?fyY*o< 2.7 Stops and Apertures 26
0v6(A4Y 2.8 Lens Aberrations. Computer Lens Design 28
?DPN a 2.9 Imaging and The Lens Formula 29
! K? o H 2.10 Standard Optical Systems 30
xb#M{EE-. 2.10.1 Afocal Systems. The Telescope 30
vt{s"\f 2.10.2 The Simple Magnifier 32
r~q*E'n 2.10.3 The Microscope 34
>C""T `5] 3 Interference 37
TAz #e 3.1 Introduction 37
c%1 <O!c 3.2 General Description 37
'VA\dpa{J 3.3 Coherence 38
GE4d=;5 3.4 Interference between two Plane Waves 41
(ov=D7>t0 3.4.1 Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) 45
o6 f ^DG3* 3.5 Interference between other Waves 46
nLK%5C 3.6 Interferometry 49
5G.A\`u% 3.6.1 Wavefront Division 50
,EP s>#d 3.6.2 Amplitude Division 51
$47cKit|k: 3.6.3 The Dual-Frequency Michelson Interferometer 54
x17cMfCH% 3.6.4 Heterodyne (Homodyne) Detection 55
&W/C2cpmR 3.7 Spatial and Temporal Coherence 56
Kj[X1X5 3.8 Optical Coherence Tomography 61
hpJ[VKe 4 Diffraction 67
O[+![[N2 4.1 Introduction 67
n 99 >oh 4.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit 67
".+wz1 4.3 Diffraction from a Grating 70
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Hbogi1!al| 4.3.2 The Spatial Frequency Spectrum 73
} \5^$[p 4.4 Fourier Optics 75
S<^*jheO5 4.5 Optical Filtering 76
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62 o 4.5.1 Practical Filtering Set-Ups 78
KobNi#O + 4.6 Physical Optics Description
arf`% 9M of Image Formation 81
W-mi1l^H{ 4.6.1 The Coherent Transfer Function 83
ahgm*Cpc 4.6.2 The Incoherent Transfer Function 85
xR5jy|2JJ 4.6.3 The Depth of Focus 88
2^ 'X 4.7 The Phase-Modulated Sinusoidal Grating 89
X$,#OR 5 Light Sources and Detectors 99
/7Z0| Zw] 5.1 Introduction 99
[~$Ji&Dd 5.2 Radiometry. Photometry 99
M ,.++W\ 5.2.1 Lambertian Surface 102
]/;0 5.2.2 Blackbody Radiator 103
hg7`jE&2 5.2.3 Examples 105
f:L%th 5.3 Incoherent Light Sources 108
42:~oKiQ$" 5.4 Coherent Light Sources 109
vPuPSE%M 5.4.1 Stimulated Emission 109
=8OPj cX.V 5.4.2 Gas Lasers 112
WE$Pi;q1 5.4.3 Liquid Lasers 114
` c~:3^?9d 5.4.4 Semiconductor Diode Lasers. Light Emitting Diodes 114
kE QT[Lo 5.4.5 Solid-State Lasers 117
r.M8#YL 5.4.6 Other Lasers 119
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