切换到宽版
  • 广告投放
  • 稿件投递
  • 繁體中文
    • 2410阅读
    • 0回复

    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

    上一主题 下一主题
    离线infotek
     
    发帖
    6794
    光币
    28119
    光券
    0
    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 W<bGDh  
    m,VOx7%n  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qyZ" %Kz  
    MX$0Op  
    模型 ZT'`hK_up  
    }u\])I3  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 )Q=_0;#;k  
    0]'7_vDs|  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    /$i.0$L  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. d?ex,f.  
    7r7YNn/?  
    光源 aT{_0m$G10  
    P Y_u/<u  
    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |LRedD7n  
    uW=k K0E  
    *T- <|zQ  
    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    tClg*A;|B  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 gT3_RUF  
    Vy6qbC-Kt  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 .7Dtm<K#  
    69PE9zz  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 dz:E?  
    AS!?q  
    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
    &b.=M>\9Q  
    视网膜的散射 v:f}XK<  
    -C;^ 3R[ O  
    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ?8I?'\F;  
    o\[~.";Z  
    r(6Y*<  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    "~#3&3HVS  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 SOs:]U-T3  
    :nh_k4S@v  
    :yL] ;J  
    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    \MsTB|Z  
    脚本 +Jlay1U&  
    US+Q~GTA  
    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: aEFJ;n7m  
    X@'u y<tI-  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
    Ye\rB\-  
    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    ~,d,#)VE2q  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 c-x,fS"&W  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 bbtGXfI+SB  
    g$":D  
    分析 J; 3{3  
    z#8~iF1  
    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ")_|69 VX  
    &D >G8  
    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
    cW~}:;D4  
    脚本代码 0QB iC]9  
    nii A7Ux  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. szb_*)k  
    S(o#K|)>  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY %"kPvI3Y  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION aKV$pC<[o  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Bz_^~b7  
    Dim A As Double _A M*@|p,  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double  Qn^'  
    Dim eID As Long &X`C%h  
    Dim parID As Long $CxKuB(  
    Dim count As Integer teOe#*  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double <m!h&_eg  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double -<c=US  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double j>*S5y.{  
    Dim ok As Long 4qN{n#{+]  
    K#l:wH _  
    Sub Main _U$<xVnP  
    5uGqX"  
        '用户输入对话框 kJWn<5%ayg  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 x[4`fM.m*  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 IW)()*8;/  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 +y,T4^{  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 E_gD:PPU5  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 LZ\q3 7UV  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 )r';lGh2#  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 V GL aN%|  
        End Dialog < z+t,<3D  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Okgv!Nt8)A  
    Y}@&h!  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) R7]l{2V#^  
    zqd@EF6/bz  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed +QB"8-  
            Print "Execution cancelled." +~St !QV%  
            End F^l[GdUosK  
        End If A_n7w  
    r~[Ia!U?  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty HPpR.  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then uvgdY  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation ~)*,S^k(C.  
        Else Pl(Q,e7O]  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @<<<C?CTv  
        End If ^m L@e'r  
    ;1#H62Z*  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then MU>k,:[  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter y@]_+2Vo  
        Else du+y5dw  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) r)qnl9?;`]  
        End If J2d.f}-  
    =6xrfDbN8  
        Print " " #XK2Ien)Z  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" c~6>1w7SZ4  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" D@C-5rmq  
    $r@ =*(  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation >AC]#'  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness BW-`t-,E;  
    "BD~xP(  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Usg K  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens })uGRvz  
    |b[+I?X  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]d55m/(   
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens QS0:@.}$E)  
    +nUy,S?43  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8m5p_\&  
    Q)"C&) `l  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 4B=2>k  
    W egtyO  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation n-5W*zk1  
    =b38(\  
        '************************************************************************* aHlcfh9|  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >oea{u  
        '************************************************************************* Gn&-X]Rrl  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Z.d 7U~_  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity )i q-yjO6  
    pqUCqo!m\  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  R=.4  
    ?MXejEC  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z `L:CA5sBud  
        count = 0 "mX\&%i6\p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *Kyw^DI  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Rfn9s(m  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6W@UJx}w5  
                DeleteOperation eID,count & +4gSr  
                count=count-1 ;_8#f%Y#R  
            End If P-`M  
            count=count+1 ~i@Y|38C  
        Wend ANvRi+ _  
    y'FS/=u>0  
        'Set new shift in 1<+2kBuY  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" A"`foI$0  
        op.val1 = taq pp.6Ex (R  
        op.parent = parID m1n.g4Z&*  
        AddOperation eID, op +${D  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6Z#\CixG  
    lJ+0P2@h*  
        '************************************************************************* 9V,!R{kO!  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ~CVe yk< (  
        '************************************************************************* yvgrIdEP  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) : m)   
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic >a"Z\\dF  
    6UevpDB  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :}r.  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant SaC d0. h  
    ex+\nD>t4  
        '************************************************************************* Bt1p'g(V|  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens #BJG9DFP4`  
        '************************************************************************* wtmB+:I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) KQ `qpX^d  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \(VTt|}By$  
    0OT\"O~S[  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost p(PMZVV`  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 76wc,+  
    iS&l8@2a  
        '************************************************************************* dcLA1sN,  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 0E?jW7yr  
        '************************************************************************* ?I/qE='*  
    |X,|QC*7?  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ZeUvyIG  
    $B kubWM  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) uA,>a>xYI  
        count = 0 cZH-"  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count zS\E/.X2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op I#m-g-J  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then LVc4CE f  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a^Tm u  
                count=count-1 )'/|)  
            End If Rp*R:3 C  
            count=count+1 YFE&r  
        Wend zrR`ecC(b  
    ?q(\=;Y  
        'Set new z-shift smdZxFl  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %7#-%{  
        op.val1 = tlens c~{9a_G  
        op.parent = parID .Q@S #d  
        AddOperation eID, op {88gW\GL  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens YoN*:jB<M  
    v^)bhIPe;  
        '************************************************************************* ( {1e%  
        'Lens index of refraction 4J;-Dq  
        '************************************************************************* P&j (,7  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) nL$x|}XAcj  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 3uZJ.Fb  
    YY&l?*M<  
        mat.Nd = nlens i<H wTmm$  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat |+35y_i6  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens l IUuA  
    GwG4LIp  
        '************************************************************************* 28/ ADZ  
        'Pupil diameter [,K.*ZQi  
        '************************************************************************* /n5F(5<  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )  %VzKqh  
    #6AFdNy  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) HDda@Jy  
    fwrJ!j  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" masT>vM  
    /;7y{(o  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ({-GOw46  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) !).}u,*'no  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) RlqQ  
        count = 0 -b9;5eS!  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count UPc<gB  
            GetOperation eID, count, op M t*6}Cl  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :N<.?%Kf  
                DeleteOperation eID,count c&X{dJWD   
                count=count-1 DHw&+MY  
            End If z-@=+4~  
            count=count+1 ~go fQ  
        Wend 6*qL[m.F[o  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" =/u% c!  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]c<qM_HWg  
        op.parent = parID 21ppSN >  
        AddOperation eID, op uGwJ K`!~  
    ,bM-I2BR  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ' zEI;v  
    bn(`O1r[(  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #Hvq/7a2R  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1=|7mehL%  
        GetEntity eID, entity l" q1?kaVg  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" j,t#B"hOnp  
        SetEntity eID, entity UWZa|I~:J  
    <W`#gn0b6  
        Update &X|<@'933  
        Print "DONE!" J0 k  
         7R3fqU.Rq  
    End Sub nLwiCf e  
    ui "3ak+F  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: G/d4f?RU  
    ( 7ws{)  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 8 F2|  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 2>]a)  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 c(U  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~XydQJ^*  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 c{>uqPTY  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 SR^_cpZoi  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 4D$;KokZ  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 )-Ej5'iHr  
    DONE! aYn8 ^  
     
    分享到