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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 [[O4_)?el  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &srD7v9M8  
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    模型 a{Y8 hR  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 D|2lBU  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ;<=z^1X9  
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    光源 paUJq?Af  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 a_z f*;  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 z3M6<.K  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 [7l5p(=  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 lr[&*v?h  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 =j@8/  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 4rypT-%^;  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 7U - ?Rd  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 ):V)Hrq?x  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: qX]ej 2  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 :Ek3]`q#  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ~{D:vj4>  
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    分析 9!wm`'G8  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ;{rl Y>  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 S4%MnT6Uy  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. tHo/Vly6Z  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY @TnAO8Q>XD  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION Mp^U)S+  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL jqy?Od )  
    Dim A As Double dYhLk2  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double LiD-su D  
    Dim eID As Long hN_,Vyf  
    Dim parID As Long .w)T2(  
    Dim count As Integer B'D 4]EB  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double :6frx=<  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double #e;\Eap  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ,lw<dB@7"5  
    Dim ok As Long ^i~'aq  
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    Sub Main !O#NP!   
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        '用户输入对话框 _:l<4u !  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 h>K%Ox R  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ;AgXl%Q  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 L QP4#7  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 veGRwir  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 GGn/J&k  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !yX4#J(  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 3mM.#2=@>  
        End Dialog -%)8=  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog g,cl|]/\d  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) NYZI;P1DA  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Nh|QYxOP  
            Print "Execution cancelled." {piZm12q?  
            End T1r^.;I:  
        End If oGi{d5  
    z|>f*Z  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty v:$Y |mh  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then sp$W=Wu7  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation OQh(qa  
        Else c{t(),nAA  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) h|Uy!?l  
        End If 2*1s(Jro  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then hgi9%>o UB  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter YG6Kvc6T  
        Else U0W- X9>y  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) }nJG<rY  
        End If JMq00_  
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        Print " " \ >(;t#>  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" nY<hfqof  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" (P N!k0Y  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation e RjpR?!\  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness #wZ:E,R  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens U ]6 Hml;l  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 3 # ua  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 3q.O^`y FU  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens PDcZno?  
    >K9uwUi|b]  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness j@b4)t  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ]l'W=_XDg  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 81|Xg5g)b  
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        '************************************************************************* t>T |\WAAL  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) vO2o/   
        '************************************************************************* dviL5Eaj  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) /*bS~7f1  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity [$Ld>`3  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5Qik{cWxBq  
    lc=C  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z B{SzC=4f}  
        count = 0 8v M}moper  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ( {H5k''  
            GetOperation eID, count, op :sBg+MS  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @hiwq 7[j  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 4l$(#NB<  
                count=count-1 :hG?} [-2  
            End If 8_K22]c5  
            count=count+1 y.~y*c6,g  
        Wend +QIM~tt)  
    \z<B=RT\  
        'Set new shift in bO: Ei  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" P.RlozF5;  
        op.val1 = taq RvYH(!pQ  
        op.parent = parID m[C-/f^u|  
        AddOperation eID, op lu(<(t,Lbs  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .foM>UOY  
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        '************************************************************************* !c\d(u  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens n}qHt0N  
        '************************************************************************* RV|: mI  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) DA@YjebP'  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic QtQku1{  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant {b>tX)Tep  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant IEdC _6G  
    l,*v/95h  
        '************************************************************************* &2{h]V6  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens d^IOB|6Q  
        '************************************************************************* o*\kg+8  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) |8h<Ls_  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic glh2CRUj  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost @YP\!#"8  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost n\5` JNCb  
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        '************************************************************************* jN V2o  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ]YZ+/:#U7  
        '************************************************************************* #H(|+WEu  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) zGu(y@o  
    BUv;BzyV  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) <oPo?r|oM|  
        count = 0 %L{H_;z  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count @?{n`K7{`  
            GetOperation eID, count, op tn;e PcU  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &~U8S^os  
                DeleteOperation eID,count xUPM-eF=  
                count=count-1 fSl+;|K n  
            End If nbw&+dcJ8  
            count=count+1 R5G~A{w0  
        Wend :N%cIxrqP  
    )ye[R^!}  
        'Set new z-shift f!*b8ND^R  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  o )cd!,h  
        op.val1 = tlens {J%hTjCw  
        op.parent = parID /]T#@>('  
        AddOperation eID, op ?b:J6(-  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t qbS!r  
    1#Dpj.cO#  
        '************************************************************************* m1VyYG  
        'Lens index of refraction \rcbt6H  
        '************************************************************************* t</rvAH E  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Wk'KN o  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat /+P 4cHv]F  
    Uq~{=hMX  
        mat.Nd = nlens 95aa  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat pQ*9)C   
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 4kNf4l9Y  
    ?y'KX]/  
        '************************************************************************* "a-Ex ]  
        'Pupil diameter G|Ic6Sd  
        '************************************************************************* 4 Yc9Ij  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) LCRreIIgZ  
    z*l3O~mZ  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) WDSkk"#TF  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Vur$t^zE  
    23qTmh  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens q+3Z3v  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gT'c`3Gkz  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "Q A#  
        count = 0 bec n$R  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U'UV=:/-  
            GetOperation eID, count, op s,"<+80%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6/wAvPB$  
                DeleteOperation eID,count *pk*ijdB  
                count=count-1 ['sj'3cW-  
            End If  1SP )`Q  
            count=count+1 R?(0:f  
        Wend e4yd n  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" $s4rG=q  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 c#$B;?  
        op.parent = parID 5iz]3]}%  
        AddOperation eID, op Av^{$9yl  
    8*H-</ =  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam \^iJv ~d  
    ~+A?!f;-J  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ps+0qqT*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,_r"=>?@  
        GetEntity eID, entity rBkLwJ]  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" x:88E78  
        SetEntity eID, entity m(s(2wq"f  
    efy65+~GG  
        Update JWr:/?  
        Print "DONE!" &&xBq?  
         Ha1E /b]K  
    End Sub A9Q!V01_  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: P \tP0+at  
    *$Z}v&-0k  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ]U!vZY@\  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |o6 h:g  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2BXpk^d5y  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 `L`qR,R  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 zu5'Ex`gQa  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 \6-x~%xK  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 bvuoGG*  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 P(_D%0xKm  
    DONE! NEa :  
     
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