[技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;$Jvqq|T  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 "
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模型 D=vq<X'  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 CQ[-Cp7  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Hdx|k=-Q^  
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光源 >>Di  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 SI9hS4<j  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 R2`g?5v  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 gi>_>zStv  
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视网膜的散射 v!xrUyN~m  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 a6E"  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 P0z{R[KBH  
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脚本 QB,ad   
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Qu_T&  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 dRa<,@1"  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 oJT@'{;*z  
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分析 
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~|C1$.-  
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脚本代码 6CRPdLTDf  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. d<? :Q  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Qmx~_  
Dim op As T_OPERATION !!%nl_I
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ldvxYq<:  
Dim A As Double F)kLlsp  
Dim pupilDiam As Double SfSEA^@|  
Dim eID As Long 6G$tYfX  
Dim parID As Long H)aC'M^
 
Dim count As Integer `Kw8rG\]:  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double t>@3
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Y'0?<_ fj  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double x>"JWD  
Dim ok As Long q.[[c  
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Sub Main :vyf-K74M  
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    '用户输入对话框 59BHGvaF  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 6FIoWG"x  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 :gaeb8`t  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ~<[5uZIo  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Ny7=-]N4{"  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dS_)ll.6z  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 NZW)X[nXM  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 <L ( =  
    End Dialog =1OAy`8  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog cY
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ]l7\Zq  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 02#Iip3t  
        Print "Execution cancelled." eEGcio}_I9  
        End ~w9
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    End If xp8f  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty *([)X2A@+  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then b<V./rWIB  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ?[1qC=[Z<  
    Else z/&a\`DsU  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) "mK i$FV  
    End If R{KIkv  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ;(0$~O$3u  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter F@'rP++4  
    Else S<]a@9W  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) bd P,Zqd  
    End If !5SQN5K  
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    Print " " 
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5h=TV  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ME@6.*  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation tvH\iS#V  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness SP?U@w%}  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens [H:GKhPC`  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /<7C[^h{-  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 1LId_vJtJ  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens +=~%S)9F  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness [+MX$y  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction u!3]RGJ  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation @-&(TRbZo  
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    '************************************************************************* Sa1z,EP  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 9+8!xwR:  
    '************************************************************************* ^*xHy`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) D@\;@( |  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 1^f.5@tV  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) @6 ;oN  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z k8 ;uC~L  
    count = 0 ){  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *fH_lG%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op o!toO&=  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h#m:Y~GoF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GKyG #Fl  
            count=count-1 4OOn,09  
        End If %t~SOkx  
        count=count+1 3 IWLBc  
    Wend lTr*'fX  
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    'Set new shift in y3cf[Q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" M6jp1:ZH2q  
    op.val1 = taq `/w\2n  
    op.parent = parID >^yc=mM(g3  
    AddOperation eID, op 5K ,#4EOV  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6mu<&m@  
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    '************************************************************************* Z6^QB@moj  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens  gmRT1T  
    '************************************************************************* sp=OT-Pfp  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) AUxM)H  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ]
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?jri!]ux#  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant &@% b?~  
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    '************************************************************************* @GG(7r\/B  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -Aa]aDAz68  
    '************************************************************************* ;NH~9# t:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) h@~:(:zU$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic @n7t?9Bx  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ]^:hyOK  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Xb]=:x(  
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    '************************************************************************* SPkKiEdM  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) L6:W'u^  
    '************************************************************************* dh^+l;!L  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J]}FC{CD!  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s)
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    count = 0 xMDrE?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~{kM5:-iw  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ,AH0*L  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then a`H\-G  
            DeleteOperation eID,count .3VK;au\\  
            count=count-1 60GFVF]'2  
        End If _i3i HR?  
        count=count+1 t`"^7YFS>  
    Wend 'h-3V8m^e  
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    'Set new z-shift CQdBf3q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5x8'K7/4.  
    op.val1 = tlens |9>*$Fe"  
    op.parent = parID aje^Z=]  
    AddOperation eID, op ?ork^4 $s  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens R? O-x9  
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    '************************************************************************* u8Y~_)\MA  
    'Lens index of refraction dQ:?<zZ  
    '************************************************************************* L@w0N)P<!{  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) l8z%\p5cR  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat GDF{Lf)/v  
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    mat.Nd = nlens z|ves&lRa  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat (NX)oP  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens cV-i*L4X  
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    '************************************************************************* HOE2*4r  
    'Pupil diameter jOs H2^  
    '************************************************************************* U,e'ZRU6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) bA9CO\Pp`  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 8QV t, 'I  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" xw?CMA  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens tWm>j  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tJ"az=?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) `h?LVD'l  
    count = 0 UxyY<H~Wx  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C` pp  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "Nbos.a]5  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 'Q5&5UrBr  
            DeleteOperation eID,count KxY$PgcC  
            count=count-1 MSl&?}Bj  
        End If ?0{yq>fTu  
        count=count+1 R2l[Q){!  
    Wend 4IZlUJ?j+c  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" lWbZ=x_0  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 (^LS']ybc  
    op.parent = parID i3\~Qj;1  
    AddOperation eID, op r@iASITX  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 8W;2oQN7  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description `fz,Lh*v  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ym\(PCa5`  
    GetEntity eID, entity RX
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ),=@q+{E{  
    SetEntity eID, entity oU8>Llt=$  
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    Update {b1UX9
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    Print "DONE!" &1_U1  
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End Sub MAnp{  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： gz;&
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters %hc'dZ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 4=xq:Tf  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 L]I3P|y_  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ?g3 ]~;#  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ]9*;;4Mg  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 'a#mViPTQ)  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 `4V"s-T'  
Set pupil diameter = 4 mRwT_(;t  
DONE! P]Xbjs<p