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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 正序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 l\l]9Z6%  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 U3iyuE  
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    模型 nhaoh!8A6  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 -tdON  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. TKutO0  
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    光源 F$.s6Hh.  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 `Q_ R/9~  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 c!FjHlAnP  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 H {Wpf9_ K  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光  l e/#J  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 F[giq 1#  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 rnr8t]  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 J0 z0%p   
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 7I3CPc$  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 5"]2@@b4  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 I,uu>-  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6M|%nBN$|  
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    分析 dNt|"9~&  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 6KTY`'I  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 {j@)sDM X  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. \gXx{rLW  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY AWNd(B2o  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION U.0/r!po  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL LP_F"?4  
    Dim A As Double o/ 5 Fg>d  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double zSXC  
    Dim eID As Long [63;8l}  
    Dim parID As Long za/#R_%p  
    Dim count As Integer Mdh"G @$n  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double tAi9mm;k  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double {G&g+9c&  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double z Pc;[uHT  
    Dim ok As Long 7y7y<`)I5  
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    Sub Main _x{x#d;L3  
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        '用户输入对话框 m~B=C>r}t  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ![tI(TPq  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 L ,/i%-J3c  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 %%[TM(z  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 o>tT!8rH  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ::`wx@  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 mjHY-lK  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 2ow\d b  
        End Dialog +60;z4y}w  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog NR@Tj]`k  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) 0wcWDE 9  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed r&DK> H  
            Print "Execution cancelled." w}b+vh^3Wy  
            End o7seGw<$X  
        End If uy{KV"%"^g  
    ^*Fkt(ida  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty }6N|+z.cU  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then mio'm  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation [\yI<^_a  
        Else N';lc:Ah~  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Us5 JnP5  
        End If MzG.Qh'z  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Oa .%n9ec  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter +pm8;&  
        Else w>s  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) }D O#{@af  
        End If s q KkTG3  
    '*; rm*n  
        Print " " k5YDqG n'q  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ?_r"Fg;"  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 'c D"ZVm1  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation /<Et   
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness cD6o8v4] ]  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens urB.K<5ZA  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens {xX|5/z  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens G#Ow>NJ  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens /'(P{O>{j  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness C*!_. <b  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction E \RU[  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation d\f 5\Y  
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        '************************************************************************* 4 #N#[;M  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) .8m)^ET  
        '************************************************************************* "$&F]0  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T Bco  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity S}E@*t2 h  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) hbK+\X  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 2i)y'+s  
        count = 0 ;V GrZZ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1jyWP#M#  
            GetOperation eID, count, op S;g~xo  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then fomkwN  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 9maw+c!~  
                count=count-1 DiX4wmQ  
            End If '9)@U+yfQ  
            count=count+1 [xC (t]S-  
        Wend oKac~}_KL  
    |]Xw1.S.L  
        'Set new shift in lV?SvXe  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" P<hqr;  
        op.val1 = taq C*9m `xh  
        op.parent = parID [Dhc9  
        AddOperation eID, op TwN8|ibVmP  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 rW^&8E[  
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        '************************************************************************* b} *cw2  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 0[];c$r<  
        '************************************************************************* g`j%jQuY  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) J}x5Ko@  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ZDf9Npe  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant O6pjuhMx  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant JnZxP> 2B  
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        '************************************************************************* #FcYJH  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens `y\:3bQ4  
        '************************************************************************* u{ng\d*KE}  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (<CLftQKg  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic TuU.yvkU  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost SnqLF /d  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost f t7wMi  
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        '************************************************************************* o8,K1ic5#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 5~kf:U%~  
        '************************************************************************* g#AA.@/Z  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) nRGH58  
    |'.SOm9)*  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) s)V^_@Z 9  
        count = 0 S8y4 p0mV  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v=4TU \b%  
            GetOperation eID, count, op W% P&o}'  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `/U:u9H9v  
                DeleteOperation eID,count >3bpa<M_  
                count=count-1 7XY C.g  
            End If j@DyWm/7  
            count=count+1 u4 "+u"{d  
        Wend ofSOy1  
    >Cf`F{X' U  
        'Set new z-shift %%_90t  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 4k#6)e  
        op.val1 = tlens =4I361oMf  
        op.parent = parID \!PC:+u J  
        AddOperation eID, op 8,R]R=  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens bHP-Z9riv  
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        '************************************************************************* $5A XE;~{  
        'Lens index of refraction ?YS`?Rr  
        '************************************************************************* f|`{P P`\  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ]-6 G'i?  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat {ys_uS{c*  
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        mat.Nd = nlens !y),| #7P  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat :K&hGZ+5  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens cO8;2u,Gvi  
    pM=vW{"I/  
        '************************************************************************* 52"/Zr}j  
        'Pupil diameter ]oY~8HW  
        '************************************************************************* fSTEZH  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) }$o%^ "[  
    QIw.`$H+  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) "P|G^*"~2  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" pZR^ HOq  
    d. a>(G  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens jIl-}/2  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -P?} qy^j(  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Y7p#K<y]9  
        count = 0 ?{[H+hzz0  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count DK- =Q~`!  
            GetOperation eID, count, op xs:{%ki  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |gaZq!l  
                DeleteOperation eID,count OS,$}I[`8  
                count=count-1 |amEuKJ  
            End If 81g&WQ'  
            count=count+1 pQ>V]M  
        Wend UX0tI0.tg  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y~CS2%j  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 r[lHYO  
        op.parent = parID (lm/S_U$  
        AddOperation eID, op XyIw5 9  
    K{iYp4pU  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @s/ qOq?  
    Mqpo S  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description HP8pEo0Y  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) kju:/kYA  
        GetEntity eID, entity 2H /a&uo@n  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" itvwmI,m\  
        SetEntity eID, entity k.0C*3'  
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        Update M]2 c-  
        Print "DONE!" 51&T`i  
         (-#{qkA  
    End Sub /t/q$X  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ff0B*0  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters $DVy$)a!u  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm _&M>f?l  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 +2g3%c0}  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 u>E+HxUJ  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 cnsGP*w  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 @Q^;qMy  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >!2'|y^  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Z`%;bP:  
    DONE! B^qB6:\t  
     
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