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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 b'G4KNW  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。  ^rI&BN@S  
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    模型 #3.\}d)  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 .DT1Jvl  
    #fwG~Q(  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    - Q,lUP  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. K[sfsWQ.  
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    光源 " jy'Dpy0m  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 t &*$@0A  
    |*!I(wm2i  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Y40{v(Pi  
    >2_J(vm>  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 o zv><e#  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 #T+%$q [:  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 norWNm(n  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {>Zc#U'  
    7Rq;V=2YV  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 5pz%DhjLo  
    @>JO &,od  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 N[czraFBD}  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: +DksWb D  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 MAhcwmZNy  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 0IxXhu6v  
    |eJ4"OPC  
    分析 {3'z}q  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 F+|zCEc  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 q*,];j/>k  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0d~>zKho  
    jCxw|tmgq  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Ar N*9  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION K)N7Y=C3  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL \_qiUvPf\  
    Dim A As Double sd xl@  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double O:WFh;c  
    Dim eID As Long L@XhgQ  
    Dim parID As Long I HgYgn  
    Dim count As Integer F`r=M%yh  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !0{":4 \  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double P'xq+Q  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double XzIhFX6  
    Dim ok As Long "JT R5;`w  
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    Sub Main |/5j0  
    C A VqjT7  
        '用户输入对话框 FT!|YJz<K  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 $_%yr ~2  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 dnSjXyjFB  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 zVFz}kJa  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 POdk0CuX  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 3~iIo&NZ  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 <H::{  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 "hdc B 0  
        End Dialog 8&\<p7}=h  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Xkk m~sM6  
    Ox#%Dm2  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) S;[9 hI+  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 6lpfk&  
            Print "Execution cancelled." wM8Gz.9,  
            End 3iMh)YH5b  
        End If f$[6]7P  
    L}7c{6!F7  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 5B)Z@-x2  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then rZm|7A)i  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation c;C:$B7  
        Else 96x0'IsaG  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) GdVq+,Ge  
        End If dOh`F~ Y)e  
    Y5M>&}N  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 481J=8H  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter t&MJSFkiA  
        Else |}P4Gr}6  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) t`1E4$Bb\  
        End If #0V$KC*>  
    B/hL  
        Print " " yu"enA  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %Aq+t&-BCX  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" [x Xa3W  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation #&a-m,Y$sx  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness bq{":[a  
    _7Z|=)  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens /2Q@M>  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens vs}_1o  
    s_xWvx8?4.  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens (lBgW z  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens AdMA|!|:hc  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness oju)8H1o#  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction No#1Ikw  
    "5Orj*{  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation B@XnHh5y  
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        '************************************************************************* wn2+4> |~p  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ,[fn? s r  
        '************************************************************************* #'m&<g,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X-,scm  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity :KY920/,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $=?1>zvF  
    r,F~Vwa}  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z 1haNca_6,  
        count = 0 mqxgrb7  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZuF"GNUC  
            GetOperation eID, count, op bV|(V>  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]*b}^PQM^  
                DeleteOperation eID,count /Xa_Xg7  
                count=count-1 $ qOV#,@  
            End If '@OqWdaR  
            count=count+1 )c~1s  
        Wend " o.V`Bj  
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        'Set new shift in ?S&pq?   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [4Tiukk(  
        op.val1 = taq UykOQ-2-n  
        op.parent = parID fT)u`voE,  
        AddOperation eID, op ACQbw)tiv}  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 s>y=-7:N  
    s%Ez/or(T  
        '************************************************************************* oJ|8~:)  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Oa7x(wS  
        '************************************************************************* 9e^HTUFbG  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) z@@w?>*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =R+z\`2  
    H(f~B<7q  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 9[.vtk\iyH  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant yVds2J'w-  
    zQY|=4NP  
        '************************************************************************* Hj&mwn]  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Cm)_xnv  
        '************************************************************************* yL =*yC  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) H"v3?g`S%  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic oy+``W~  
    A4!IbJD,0  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost j TVh`d< N  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 'C=8.P?  
    ;uw`6 KJ  
        '************************************************************************* o)w8 ]H /  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 9G)Sjn`AQ  
        '************************************************************************* gcLwQ-  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) S 6e<2G=O  
    V?KACYd@O  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) I_vPGafMx  
        count = 0 B^4D`0G[4  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count kz4d"bTb  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]7H ?  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $@ /K/"  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 'k|?M  
                count=count-1 z\iz6-\&y  
            End If K(*QhKX  
            count=count+1 <hG=0Zcr  
        Wend UdBP2lGd  
    v0pyyUqS  
        'Set new z-shift 8<cD+Jtj  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^T}6o Ud  
        op.val1 = tlens t- Rp_2t  
        op.parent = parID ` oBlv  
        AddOperation eID, op c;M7[y&  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \U^0E> d  
    " oWiQ{\IP  
        '************************************************************************* o_un=ygU  
        'Lens index of refraction V{51wnxT  
        '************************************************************************* %lL^[`AR  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) OKDBzl  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat x --buO  
    F"7dN*7  
        mat.Nd = nlens V wj^h  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat WU}?8\?U%  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens OG\TrW-ug  
    k M/cD`  
        '************************************************************************* W'2a1E  
        'Pupil diameter YuO-a$BP  
        '************************************************************************* 6>I{Ik@>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) +.i?UHNB  
    L\@SX?j  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) q%HT)^F9oO  
    7 S^iGe  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" NL})_.Og  
    G]q1_q4P1?  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens wKe$(>d"L  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eQBR*@x  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 'BE &lW  
        count = 0 b_Us%{  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count *W()|-[V3  
            GetOperation eID, count, op z6B(}(D  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &@E{0ZD  
                DeleteOperation eID,count sP1wO4M?{  
                count=count-1 [<~1.L^I  
            End If 4z~ fn9g  
            count=count+1 RfP>V/jy5  
        Wend fFG, ^;7-O  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 11Kbj`sRZ  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 a}N m;5K  
        op.parent = parID - i``yf?P  
        AddOperation eID, op wRwTN"Yg  
    YmP`Gg#> p  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam E|u#W3-:  
    yRQR@  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description hdB.u^!  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?b?`(JTR  
        GetEntity eID, entity QN=a{  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" I>k >^  
        SetEntity eID, entity 4@6!E^  
    a`.] 8Jy)  
        Update S4RvWTtQV  
        Print "DONE!" 0i}4T:J@`  
         Rpit>  
    End Sub r&AX  
    G([8Q8B4 +  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: J 00<NRxj"  
    N>z<v\`  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters v,t&t9}/  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 2ye^mJ17  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 5IeF |#g  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 fuM+{1}/E  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [t55Kz*cD  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ZM oV!lu  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 wN,DTmtD  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 G)28#aH  
    DONE! XGE:ZVpW  
     
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