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    [技术]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2021-10-22
    简介 `>CHE'_  
    mG4myQ?$  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 x)eYqH~i  
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    模型 8A/;a{   
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 "?Dov/+Q.  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 9(?9yFbj5  
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    光源 _@I8B  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 v"M5';ZS>  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 ,|hM`<"?  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 , ~^0AtLv  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 r':wq   
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 FEqs4<}E  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 S~BBBD  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ovv<7`  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 USgZ%xk2  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: m80e^  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ;Du+C%  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ${(v Er#}k  
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    分析 Cjh0 .{  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 >uVo 'S.  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 XY1D<  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. pq8XCOllXx  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY l%vX$Kw  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ;bz|)[4/  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL {wUbr^  
    Dim A As Double iBCZx>![;  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double MA}~bfB  
    Dim eID As Long tK@|sZ>3\  
    Dim parID As Long ;#'YO1`gf3  
    Dim count As Integer _+c' z  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Hzm<KQ g  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double :bBLP7eyV  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9W^sq<tR  
    Dim ok As Long R/!lDv!  
    'gBns  
    Sub Main 9;W 2zcN  
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        '用户输入对话框 U;SReWqU  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5 ynBVrYf  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 zL8Z8eh">  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 .bdp=vbA  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 GvAP  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 eBlWwUy*6f  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 _H{6{!=y  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 @;\2 PD  
        End Dialog E6 g]EE  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog y!z2+q2  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Iax-~{B3AY  
    *R'r=C`  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed QoLp$1O (y  
            Print "Execution cancelled." VtP^fM^{  
            End a$=BX=  
        End If }-Ds%L  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 0H$6_YX4 A  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 7Shau%2C  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation PpXzWWU":  
        Else K#"J8h;x  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 1iA0+Ex(j  
        End If ;s*   
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then h.Y&_=Gc  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter $ol]G`+  
        Else -JKl\E  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) nrBpq  
        End If MQc<AfW3/  
    y ;/T.W9!  
        Print " " f-.dL  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" }4uHT.)  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" C33BP}c]  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Ie<H4G5Vh  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness V),wDyi  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens TS_5R>R3  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens k!Ym<RD%N  
    | 2Vhj<6  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens c>|1%}"?  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens qix$ }(P  
    @=7[KMb  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness f};RtRo2  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Af" p:;^z  
    +P &S0/  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation exZgk2[0  
    =.`:jZG  
        '************************************************************************* `K7UWtp  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }WA =  
        '************************************************************************* [+F6C  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (+CNs  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity {e+}jZ[L  
    _v#Vf*#  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b F MBIA|  
    bA-/"'Vp9  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z aMJW__,  
        count = 0 ;b5^) S  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count U!GfDt  
            GetOperation eID, count, op y$}o{VE{x  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then | |u  
                DeleteOperation eID,count LE|DMz|J  
                count=count-1 43}uW, P  
            End If ,/ YTW@N  
            count=count+1 u}">b+{!  
        Wend 8 7z]qE  
    ;=UkTn}N?l  
        'Set new shift in ZBk br  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" S"cim\9xP  
        op.val1 = taq }Ip1|Gj  
        op.parent = parID  nb\pBl  
        AddOperation eID, op 1 )H;}%[  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .T1n"TfsGO  
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        '************************************************************************* N}ugI`:  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens S^x?<kYQau  
        '************************************************************************* 0<XxR6w  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) <^w4+5sT/  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic aH&Efz^  
    ;04< 9i  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Q-?6o  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant m++=FsiX=  
    >|pN4FS  
        '************************************************************************* hRNnj  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6u9?  
        '************************************************************************* (]nX:t  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Y6`^E  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P9o=G=i  
    (@Kc(>(: Y  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ^&lkh@Y1q  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost M2nWvU$  
    gle<{ `   
        '************************************************************************* [7\x(W-:@>  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \iA.{,VX  
        '************************************************************************* [a!)w@I:  
    3=("vR`!  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) hs*n?vxp3  
    ,FwJ0V  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) $=5kn>[_Z%  
        count = 0 \b}%A&Ij  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count LvCX(yjZ*  
            GetOperation eID, count, op MJA;P7g  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then RB9ZaL\  
                DeleteOperation eID,count K 8W99:v  
                count=count-1 L1kA AR  
            End If X G E.*aI  
            count=count+1 y"|gC!V}  
        Wend %R<xe.X  
    &Z(6i}f,Gp  
        'Set new z-shift lf\^!E:  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0$_WIk  
        op.val1 = tlens !ou;yE&<,  
        op.parent = parID A: O"N  
        AddOperation eID, op w8bvqTQ  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens *#1J  
    LvMA('4  
        '************************************************************************* {TvB3QOsj  
        'Lens index of refraction mRy0zN>?  
        '************************************************************************* xKkXr-yb`f  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) F#~*j  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat w3&L 6|,  
    7u:QT2=&  
        mat.Nd = nlens buDz]ec b  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat J(SGaHm@  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens }lP`3e  
    qYQ vjp  
        '************************************************************************* MS]Q\g}U  
        'Pupil diameter rN,T}M= 2  
        '*************************************************************************  7gx?LI_e  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) a+j"8tHu$  
    -@XOe&q  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Lf`<4 P  
    +$F,!rV-s  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" e>P>DmlW  
    J06 D_'{  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens $EL:Jx2<  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mNsd&Rk'  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) j9X|c7|  
        count = 0 s{*bFA Z1F  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  ijDXh y  
            GetOperation eID, count, op !="8ok+  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m ?*h\NaB  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !Sl_qL  
                count=count-1 H Qnc`2  
            End If ,YJn=9pTl  
            count=count+1 g@.e%  
        Wend .#Z"Sj  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ"  ?<T=g  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 r]U8WM3r  
        op.parent = parID SXC 7LJm<g  
        AddOperation eID, op /&9R*xNST#  
    3"sXN)j  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @<&u;8y-Cn  
    '2UQN7@d  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description rs,'vV-2\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,N nh$F  
        GetEntity eID, entity 4_# (y^9  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" QP<.~^ao  
        SetEntity eID, entity *U$%mZS]1  
    8A}<-?>  
        Update D/=k9[b!  
        Print "DONE!" 8m?cvI  
         g+7j?vC{'  
    End Sub j6j4M,UI43  
    %m|1LI(  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: IVVX3RI  
    :98:U~ d1  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 0M?zotv0#  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm :^-\KE` 3  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2H`>Kj  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 y0p\Gu;3j  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 )[u'LgVN/L  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 dkqyn"^  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7u rD  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Xoha.6$l5  
    DONE! UFC^ lv  
     
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