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真空术语 DD!MGf/
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1.标准环境条件 standard ambient condition: x}?DkFuxb
2.气体的标准状态 standard reference conditions forgases: ;%u_ ;,((
3.压力(压强)p pressure: "{A*(.
4.帕斯卡Pa pascal: o)%-l4S
5.托Torr torr: "x(>Sj\%I
6.标准大气压atm standard atmosphere: =.36y9Mfo
7.毫巴mbar millibar: K`QOU-M@}
8.分压力 partial pressure: lt{lpH
9.全压力 total pressure: Y=vVxVI\
10.真空 vacuum: R"U/RS
11.真空度 degree of vacuum: XM6".eF)M
12.真空区域 ranges of vacuum: vi]r
13.气体 gas: *jM_ wwG
14.非可凝气体 non-condensable gas: =db'#m{$
15.蒸汽vapor: C8IkpAD
16.饱和蒸汽压saturation vapor pressure: M{?zvq?d
17.饱和度degree of saturation: ,3Wb4so
18.饱和蒸汽saturated vapor: b7B+eN ?z
19.未饱和蒸汽unsaturated vapor: E X%6''ys
20.分子数密度n,m-3 number density of molecules: TB7>s~)47E
21.平均自由程ι、λ,m mean free path: 0xJ7M.
22.碰撞率ψ collision rate: 4q>7OB:e
23.体积碰撞率χ volume collision rate: {=UFk-$=
24.气体量G quantity of gas: fdlvn*H
25.气体的扩散 diffusion of gas: 6'xomRpYN
26.扩散系数D diffusion coefficient; diffusivity: 5D,.^a1 A
27.粘滞流 viscous flow: #D+7TWDwNt
28.粘滞系数η viscous factor: -S"5{ N73
29.泊肖叶流 poiseuille flow: @#RuSc
30.中间流 intermediate flow: 0b/ir 2
31.分子流 molecular flow: I eG=J4:*
32克努曾数 number of knudsen: M|\^UF2e
33.分子泻流 molecular effusion; effusive flow: U1ZIuDg'E
34.流逸 transpiration: OT%0{2c"]
35.热流逸 thermal transpiration: 1T ( u
36.分子流率qN molecular flow rate; molecular flux: L0rip5[;d
37.分子流率密度 molecular flow rate density; density of molecular flux: +R-h ,$\=7
38.质量流率qm mass flow rare: u!Xb?:3uj
39.流量qG throughput of gas: ~C&*.ZR
40.体积流率qV volume flow rate: aaDP9FW9e
41.摩尔流率qυ molar flow rate: '|A|vCRCG
42.麦克斯韦速度分布 maxwellian velocity distribution: Hd9XfU
43.传输几率Pc transmission probability: qv[[Q[RK-5
44.分子流导CN,UN molecular conductance: qnB<k,8T
45.流导C,U conductance: dsJm>U)
46.固有流导Ci,Ui intrinsic conductance: {esJ=FV\
47.流阻W resistance: >F1G!#$0
48.吸附 sorption: x^G'rF"nT
49.表面吸附 adsorption: xc9YM0B&
50.物理吸附physisorption: U-i.(UyZ
51.化学吸附 chemisorption: "~F3*lk#E
52.吸收absorption: 7R}9oK_I
53.适应系数α accommodation factor: 4({(i
54.入射率υ impingement rate: ,`k_|//}=
55.凝结率condensation rate: RK[D_SmS
56.粘着率 sticking rate: lVz9k
57.粘着几率Ps sticking probability: `vd= ec
58.滞留时间τ residence time: <$%X<sDkq
59.迁移 migration: ! QM.P
t7c
60.解吸 desorption: DAfyK?+UL
61.去气 degassing: MJ`N,E[
62.放气 outgassing: UXT
p
63.解吸或放气或去气速率qGU desorption or outgassing or degassing rate: *U;'OWE[
64.蒸发率 evaporation rate: dBSbu=^$ )
65.渗透 permeation: LxLy+yC#p
66.渗透率φ permeability: FmEc`N9\v
67.渗透系数P permeability coefficient z-dFDtiA
2. 1.真空泵 vacuum pumps F.tfgW(A@
1-1.容积真空泵 positive displacement pump: ,R?np9wc
⑴.气镇真空泵 gas ballast vacuum pump: _]b3,%2
⑵.油封(液封)真空泵oil sealed (liquid-sealed) vacuum pump: y%S1ZTScO
⑶.干封真空泵 dry-sealed vacuum pump: !gF9k8\Yr$
⑷.往复真空泵 piston vacuum pump: )=J5\3O*x
⑸.液环真空泵 liquid ring vacuum pump: )KE[!ofD
⑹.旋片真空泵 sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: ~e `Bq>
⑺.定片真空泵 rotary piston vacuum pump: [U>@,BH
⑻.滑阀真空泵 rotary plunger vacuum pump: K=dR%c(
⑼.余摆线真空泵 trochoidal vacuum pump: sV/l5]b]
⑽.多室旋片真空泵 multi-chamber sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: 8S]".
⑾.罗茨真空泵 roots vacuum pump: :IMdN}(L
1-2.动量传输泵 kinetic vacuum pump: Kv37s0|g
⑴.牵引分子泵molecular drag pump: %<"}y$J
⑵.涡轮分子泵turbo molecular pump: ZE?f!ifp
⑶.喷射真空泵ejector vacuum pump: gn8|/ev
⑷.液体喷射真空泵liquid jet vacuum pump: 'OkGReKt
⑸.气体喷射真空泵gas jet vacuum pump: =^&%9X
⑹.蒸汽喷射真空泵vapor jet vacuum pump : a2w T6jY
⑺.扩散泵diffusion pump : -#In;~
⑻.自净化扩散泵self purifying diffusion pump: F(5hmr
⑼.分馏扩散泵 fractionating diffusion pump : ?YQPlv:<o.
⑽.扩散喷射泵diffusion ejector pump : R\mR $\cS
⑾.离子传输泵ion transfer pump: ]5Qy
1-3.捕集真空泵 entrapment vacuum pump: 26 I
⑴吸附泵adsorption pump: p =(@3%k
⑵.吸气剂泵 getter pump: {D`'0Z1"
⑶.升华(蒸发)泵 sublimation (evaporation)pump : FOwnxYGVf
⑷.吸气剂离子泵getter ion pump: yF13Of^l./
⑸.蒸发离子泵 evaporation ion pump: tz^/J=)"
⑹.溅射离子泵sputter ion pump: m/B6[
⑺.低温泵cryopump: 0Yl4eB-
)yG"^Ulu
2.真空泵零部件 ,](:<A)W&
2-1.泵壳 pump case: 9Fo fr
2-2.入口 inlet: i;z{zVR
2-3.出口outlet: `F t]MR
2-4.旋片(滑片、滑阀)vane; blade : 5| B(\wqG
2-5.排气阀discharge valve: aE"[5*a
2-6.气镇阀gas ballast valve: H
3@Z.D
2-7.膨胀室expansion chamber: fu[K".
2-8.压缩室compression chamber: ^qGb%! l
2-9.真空泵油 vacuum pump oil: 7O5`v(<9n>
2-10.泵液 pump fluid: O`G/=/GZ
2-11.喷嘴 nozzle: KLoE&ds
2-13.喷嘴扩张率nozzle expansion rate: j.e0;!
(L}
2-14.喷嘴间隙面积 nozzle clearance area : @"-</x3o
2-15.喷嘴间隙nozzle clearance: ko;>#::
2-16.射流jet: = ?D(g
2-17.扩散器diffuser: 8:=n*
2-18.扩散器喉部diffuser thoat: *NFg;<:j
2-19.蒸汽导管vapor tube(pipe;chimney): ;-P)m
2-20.喷嘴组件nozzle assembly: ]z/Zq
2-21.下裙skirt: : _e#
<%.5hCTp97
3.附件 ldha|s.*
3-1阱trap: pM;vH]|
⑴.冷阱 cold trap: 4y:]DC"
⑵.吸附阱sorption trap: ^I8Esl8
⑶.离子阱ion trap: fyTAou6hI
⑷.冷冻升华阱 cryosublimation trap: {8$=[;
3-2.挡板baffle: x8Loyt_C
3-3.油分离器oil separator: M_v?9L
3-4.油净化器oil purifier: +gd4\ZG
3-5.冷凝器condenser: {]_uMg#!
@"a6fn
4.泵按工作分类 f()FY<b
4-1.主泵main pump: [x=jH>Y
4-2.粗抽泵roughing vacuum pump: -fhN"B)
4-3.前级真空泵backing vacuum pump: \B F*m"lz
4-4.粗(低)真空泵 roughing(low)vacuum pump: >~%e$a7}+
4-5.维持真空泵holding vacuum pump: }En
4-6.高真空泵high vacuum pump: De7Ts
4-7.超高真空泵ultra-high vacuum pump: F+R?a+e
4-8.增压真空泵booster vacuum pump: pl@O
N"=[
4[Z\
?[
5.真空泵特性 FZjHw_pP
5-1.真空泵的抽气速率(体积流率)s volume flow rate of a vacuum pump: Z;9>S=w!
5-2.真空泵的抽气量Q throughput of vacuum pump:。 --;@2:lg{
5-3.起动压力starting pressure: rX_@Ihv'
5-4.前级压力 backing pressure : O~j> ?
5-5.临界前级压力 critical backing pressure: Grs]d-xI
5-6.最大前级压力maximum backing pressure: {{V8;y
5-7.最大工作压力maximum working pressure: |*Z$E$k:
5-8.真空泵的极限压力ultimate pressure of a pump: ?
WJ> p
5-9.压缩比compression ratio: SJD@&m%?[
5-10.何氏系数Ho coefficient: #/PA A
5-11.抽速系数speed factor: ~wg:!VWA)
5-12.气体的反扩散back-diffusion of gas: zvABU+{jD
5-13.泵液返流back-streaming of pump fluid: V5+SWXZ
5-14.返流率back-streaming rate @SCI"H%[
5-15.返迁移back-migration: :0Z^uuk`gq
5-16.爆腾bumping: "KcA
5-17.水蒸气允许量qm water vapor tolerable load: c/c$D;T
5-18.最大允许水蒸气入口压力maximum tolerable water vapor inlet pressure: N0hE4t
5-19.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的加热时间warm-up time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump: f{SB1M
5-20.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的冷却时间cool-down time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump YK|bXSA[
3. 1.一般术语 ^u3V
E
1-1.压力计pressure gauge: hW{j\@R
1-2.真空计vacuum gauge: x.Q&$#
⑴.规头(规管)gauge head: &-(463
⑵.裸规nude gauge : Kw#so; e
⑶.真空计控制单元gauge control unit : /cc\fw1+
⑷.真空计指示单元gauge indicating unit : >S$Z
gV&z2S~"
2.真空计一般分类 .<kqJ|SVi
2-1.压差式真空计differential vacuum gauge: 'SQG>F Uy
2-2.绝对真空计 absolute vacuum gauge: nUkaz*4qU
2-3.全压真空计total pressure vacuum gauge: j*~T1i
2-4.分压真空计;分压分析器partial pressure vacuum gauge; partial pressure analyser: <uj8lctmP
2-5.相对真空计relative vacuum gauge : J2uZmEt
AwQ?l(iZ"p
3.真空计特性 MZmb`%BZ
3-1.真空计测量范围pressure range of vacuum gauge: zYl#4O`=c
3-2.灵敏度系数sensitivity coefficient: 7GDHz.IX
3-4. 电离规系数(压力单位倒数)ionization gauge coefficient (in inverse pressure units): C6rg<tCH
3-5.规管光电流photon current of vacuum gauge head: Z7 E
3-6.等效氮压力equivalent nitrogen pressure : JN7k 2]{
3-7.X射线极限值 X-ray limit: 6 uKTGc4
3-8.逆X射线效应anti X-ray effect: K~ ;45Z2
3-9.布利尔斯效应blears effect: /x3/Ubmz~x
qJ0fQI\
4.全压真空计 B]tIi^
4-1.液位压力计liquid level manometer: T#bu
V
4-2.弹性元件真空计elastic element vacuum gauge: ca+[0w@S
4-3.压缩式真空计compression gauge: ;WldHaZ9r
4-4.压力天平pressure balance: YM5fyv?
4-5.粘滞性真空计viscosity gauge : :;t
#\%L/
4-6.热传导真空计thermal conductivity vacuum gauge : sXNb }gJ
4-7.热分子真空计thermo-molecular gauge: 610D%F
4-8.电离真空计ionization vacuum gauge: =]k {"?j
4-9.放射性电离真空计radioactive ionization gauge: |!y A@y?
4-10.冷阴极电离真空计cold cathode ionization gauge: _{M\Bs2<
4-11.潘宁真空计penning gauge: xW92ch+t
4-12.冷阴极磁控管真空计cold cathode magnetron gauge: T?4G'84nN
4-13.放电管指示器discharge tube indicator: /lafve~
4-14.热阴极电离真空计hot cathode ionization gauge: GguFo+YeZ
4-15.三极管式真空计triode gauge: `"%T=w
4-16.高压力电离(中真空)真空计high pressure (medium vacuum) ionization gauge: [Y`,qB<B
4-17.B-A型电离真空计Bayard-Alpert gauge: Y#g4$"G9
4-18.调制型电离真空计modulator gauge: Q
X%&~
4-19.抑制型电离真空计suppressor gauge: *b];|n{
4-20.分离型电离真空计extractor gauge: m*mm\wN5
4-21.弯注型电离真空计bent beam gauge: NV#FvM/#"
4-22.弹道型电离真空计 orbitron gauge : D-,L&R!`
4-23.热阴极磁控管真空计hot cathode magnetron gauge: IgC}&
cV`E>w=D0
5.分压真空计(分压分析器) 6 PxW8pn
5-1.射频质谱仪radio frequency mass spectrometer: 1h.)#g?{
5-2.四极质谱仪(四级滤质器)quadrupole mass spectrometer;quadrupole mass filer: ['ksP-=
5-3.单极质谱仪momopole mass spectrometer: Xt#1Qs
5-4.双聚焦质谱仪double focusing mass spectrometer: x]z2Z*
5-5.磁偏转质谱仪magnetic deflection mass spectrometer: w |l1'
5-6.余摆线聚焦质谱仪trochoidal focusing mass spectrometer: 8/K!SpM*d
5-7.回旋质谱仪omegatron mass spectrometer: x"~~l
5-8.飞行时间质谱仪time of flight mass spectrometer: f
nI|
IEyL];K
6.真空计校准 1
E22R
6-1.标准真空计reference gauges: 3QpYmX<E
6-2.校准系统system of calibration: IJ/sX_k
6-3.校准系数K calibration coefficient: h&kZjQ&
6-4.压缩计法meleod gauge method: B<-kzt
6-5.膨胀法expansion method: A4ISNM7R[
6-6.流导法flow method: =~+DUMBT
4. 1.真空系统vacuum system t-LG }nv
1-1.真空机组pump system: t+Op@*#%
1-2.有油真空机组pump system used oil : @JRNb=?a
1-3.无油真空机组oil free pump system not YeY7wR
1-4.连续处理真空设备continuous treatment vacuum plant: [xKd7"d/n
1-5.闸门式真空系统vacuum system with an air-lock: 2}W0
F2*
1-6.压差真空系统differentially pumped vacuum system: n#=o?!_4
1-7.进气系统gas admittance system: Ka,^OW}<%q
Ye.r%i&