“真空术语”好像论坛中没有,发一个希望有朋友喜欢。 )TH~Tq:
--------------------------------------------------- (A<'{J#5,
真空术语 B`I9
vJ `'x
1.标准环境条件 standard ambient condition: 2p6`@8*34
2.气体的标准状态 standard reference conditions forgases: XMJ EIG
3.压力(压强)p pressure: cx_.+ R
4.帕斯卡Pa pascal: cwK+{*ZH/
5.托Torr torr: I[td:9+hK@
6.标准大气压atm standard atmosphere: uW@o,S0:
7.毫巴mbar millibar: <Oyxzs
8.分压力 partial pressure: 9bE/7v
9.全压力 total pressure: )U$]J*LI
10.真空 vacuum: heF<UMI
11.真空度 degree of vacuum: 3B+
F'k
12.真空区域 ranges of vacuum: YY? }/r
13.气体 gas: d|~A>YZ
14.非可凝气体 non-condensable gas: +|SvJ
15.蒸汽vapor: Hf^Tok^6@]
16.饱和蒸汽压saturation vapor pressure: W5#5RK"uX
17.饱和度degree of saturation: `% a+LU2
18.饱和蒸汽saturated vapor: Td6Gu"
19.未饱和蒸汽unsaturated vapor: v<2B^(i}VB
20.分子数密度n,m-3 number density of molecules: ,:G3 Y
)
21.平均自由程ι、λ,m mean free path: *CnrzrKtQ
22.碰撞率ψ collision rate: (l~3~n
23.体积碰撞率χ volume collision rate: Vv]81y15Q;
24.气体量G quantity of gas: T@. $Zpz
25.气体的扩散 diffusion of gas: .*0`}H+_
26.扩散系数D diffusion coefficient; diffusivity: $AI0NM
27.粘滞流 viscous flow: *,Mg
28.粘滞系数η viscous factor: 0'{`"QD\IW
29.泊肖叶流 poiseuille flow: W@:a3RJ
30.中间流 intermediate flow: G0u3*.
31.分子流 molecular flow: *`(/wE2v]
32克努曾数 number of knudsen: 0xNlO9b/
33.分子泻流 molecular effusion; effusive flow: DJm/:td
34.流逸 transpiration: XI rNT:h4
35.热流逸 thermal transpiration: I{V1Le4?
36.分子流率qN molecular flow rate; molecular flux: UdSu:V|
37.分子流率密度 molecular flow rate density; density of molecular flux: $!msav
38.质量流率qm mass flow rare: HJ\CGYmyz
39.流量qG throughput of gas: fK$N|r
40.体积流率qV volume flow rate: wG&+*,}
41.摩尔流率qυ molar flow rate: zF
F=v7[j
42.麦克斯韦速度分布 maxwellian velocity distribution: wu2AhMGmw
43.传输几率Pc transmission probability: ~6hG"t]:
44.分子流导CN,UN molecular conductance: BhMHT:m
45.流导C,U conductance: )kE(%q:*P$
46.固有流导Ci,Ui intrinsic conductance: bnWKfz5
47.流阻W resistance: T21SuM
48.吸附 sorption: ,0~/ Cn
49.表面吸附 adsorption: vGk}r
50.物理吸附physisorption: yL&_>cV
51.化学吸附 chemisorption: `tCOe
52.吸收absorption: ^1%gQ@P
53.适应系数α accommodation factor: 7 %P?3
54.入射率υ impingement rate: ,u,]ab
55.凝结率condensation rate: UJ0Dy` f
56.粘着率 sticking rate: vd5"phn
3
57.粘着几率Ps sticking probability: J{Z-4y
58.滞留时间τ residence time: 0shNwV1zF
59.迁移 migration: FC= %_y
60.解吸 desorption:
aE_)iE|
61.去气 degassing: VH{SE7
62.放气 outgassing: +njE
63.解吸或放气或去气速率qGU desorption or outgassing or degassing rate: [xXml On!
64.蒸发率 evaporation rate: %;.|?gR
65.渗透 permeation: *5i~N}
66.渗透率φ permeability: V.IgEE]
67.渗透系数P permeability coefficient ))n7.pB9/
2. 1.真空泵 vacuum pumps Lp \%-s#5s
1-1.容积真空泵 positive displacement pump: y\
nR0m
⑴.气镇真空泵 gas ballast vacuum pump: u+]v.Mt
⑵.油封(液封)真空泵oil sealed (liquid-sealed) vacuum pump: `9QrkkG+
⑶.干封真空泵 dry-sealed vacuum pump: l|-TGjsX
⑷.往复真空泵 piston vacuum pump: 5JbPB!5;
⑸.液环真空泵 liquid ring vacuum pump: /~_Cb=7
⑹.旋片真空泵 sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: z]k=sk
⑺.定片真空泵 rotary piston vacuum pump: ]|q\^k)JU
⑻.滑阀真空泵 rotary plunger vacuum pump: lQ%]](a6
⑼.余摆线真空泵 trochoidal vacuum pump:
yG0Wr=/<?
⑽.多室旋片真空泵 multi-chamber sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: X$O,L[] 4
⑾.罗茨真空泵 roots vacuum pump: 9?*BN\E5S
1-2.动量传输泵 kinetic vacuum pump: #lyvb.;
⑴.牵引分子泵molecular drag pump: 6e@
O88=
⑵.涡轮分子泵turbo molecular pump: V*l0|,9
⑶.喷射真空泵ejector vacuum pump: S,5>g07-`
⑷.液体喷射真空泵liquid jet vacuum pump: {Izg1N
⑸.气体喷射真空泵gas jet vacuum pump: tR5zlm(}
⑹.蒸汽喷射真空泵vapor jet vacuum pump : ;G.m;5A
⑺.扩散泵diffusion pump : a9GOY+;bf
⑻.自净化扩散泵self purifying diffusion pump: ,q#^_/?
⑼.分馏扩散泵 fractionating diffusion pump : Rg&6J#h
⑽.扩散喷射泵diffusion ejector pump : x8T5aS
⑾.离子传输泵ion transfer pump: SaEe7eHd
1-3.捕集真空泵 entrapment vacuum pump: O.=~/!(
⑴吸附泵adsorption pump: Gvt.m&_
⑵.吸气剂泵 getter pump: tg~&kaz
⑶.升华(蒸发)泵 sublimation (evaporation)pump : qEE3x>&T]
⑷.吸气剂离子泵getter ion pump: vi6EI
wZG
⑸.蒸发离子泵 evaporation ion pump: A.vcE
⑹.溅射离子泵sputter ion pump: a4,bP*H
⑺.低温泵cryopump: Sv-}w$
[pbX_
2.真空泵零部件
-p>KFHj6
2-1.泵壳 pump case: QEM")(
2-2.入口 inlet: q*A2>0O
2-3.出口outlet: K0]'v>AWr
2-4.旋片(滑片、滑阀)vane; blade : hQBeM7$F_
2-5.排气阀discharge valve: ? 9i7+Y"
2-6.气镇阀gas ballast valve: 2 c'=^0:
2-7.膨胀室expansion chamber: uw+v]y
2-8.压缩室compression chamber: n?pCMS|
2-9.真空泵油 vacuum pump oil: }i/&m&VU
2-10.泵液 pump fluid: 0+8ThZ?n
2-11.喷嘴 nozzle: Ts;W,pgP
2-13.喷嘴扩张率nozzle expansion rate: 0|{U"\
2-14.喷嘴间隙面积 nozzle clearance area : mf@YmKbp
2-15.喷嘴间隙nozzle clearance: MPO!qSS]
2-16.射流jet: ywk;
2-17.扩散器diffuser: 8N6a= [fv<
2-18.扩散器喉部diffuser thoat: )?pin|_x
2-19.蒸汽导管vapor tube(pipe;chimney): 5d(A(
2-20.喷嘴组件nozzle assembly: O6OP{sb
2-21.下裙skirt: %>i7A?L
i TD}gC
3.附件 ~>D;2 S(a
3-1阱trap: c0<Y017sG
⑴.冷阱 cold trap: {H $\,
⑵.吸附阱sorption trap: 6kT
l(+
⑶.离子阱ion trap: f\~e&`PV
⑷.冷冻升华阱 cryosublimation trap: V{Idj\~Jh
3-2.挡板baffle: D5T\X-+]O
3-3.油分离器oil separator: ACl:~7;
3-4.油净化器oil purifier: Oe$cM=Yf
3-5.冷凝器condenser: lIzJO$8cM
z}C#+VhQ`
4.泵按工作分类 >o 3X)
4-1.主泵main pump: tb/u@}")
4-2.粗抽泵roughing vacuum pump: v.6"<nT2
4-3.前级真空泵backing vacuum pump: 4>Uo0NfL
4-4.粗(低)真空泵 roughing(low)vacuum pump: 2WE
4-5.维持真空泵holding vacuum pump: }jiqUBn%
4-6.高真空泵high vacuum pump: 92Ar0j]
4-7.超高真空泵ultra-high vacuum pump: H
gNUr5p
4-8.增压真空泵booster vacuum pump: Yc?t aL)
#A]7cMZ'W
5.真空泵特性 Kz3u
5-1.真空泵的抽气速率(体积流率)s volume flow rate of a vacuum pump: |,dMF2ADc
5-2.真空泵的抽气量Q throughput of vacuum pump:。 QJdSNkc6
5-3.起动压力starting pressure: 8ZG'?A+{
5-4.前级压力 backing pressure : o,\%c"mC
5-5.临界前级压力 critical backing pressure: q3NS?t!
5-6.最大前级压力maximum backing pressure: J@Zm8r<
5-7.最大工作压力maximum working pressure: -&,NM
5-8.真空泵的极限压力ultimate pressure of a pump: aE#ZTc=
5-9.压缩比compression ratio: 1uV_C[:
5-10.何氏系数Ho coefficient: `Q(ac|
0
5-11.抽速系数speed factor: ;xB"D0~,1
5-12.气体的反扩散back-diffusion of gas: <u2*(BM4
5-13.泵液返流back-streaming of pump fluid: [p o+a@ %
5-14.返流率back-streaming rate N8D'<BUC
5-15.返迁移back-migration: p6Z]oL q
5-16.爆腾bumping: \|62E):i1
5-17.水蒸气允许量qm water vapor tolerable load: _\]D<\St
5-18.最大允许水蒸气入口压力maximum tolerable water vapor inlet pressure: q`$QroZT"
5-19.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的加热时间warm-up time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump: sgX}`JH?z
5-20.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的冷却时间cool-down time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump CdaB.xk
3. 1.一般术语 $d8A_CUU
1-1.压力计pressure gauge: z%Z}vWn
1-2.真空计vacuum gauge: d}l^yln
⑴.规头(规管)gauge head: >P0AGZ
⑵.裸规nude gauge : }(o/+H4
⑶.真空计控制单元gauge control unit : p*npY"}v
⑷.真空计指示单元gauge indicating unit : y'@l,MN{
3gabk/
2.真空计一般分类 X2@o"xU
2-1.压差式真空计differential vacuum gauge: Q.yKbO<[
2-2.绝对真空计 absolute vacuum gauge: r`B+ KQ4
2-3.全压真空计total pressure vacuum gauge: U1q$B32
2-4.分压真空计;分压分析器partial pressure vacuum gauge; partial pressure analyser: p\-.DRwT`
2-5.相对真空计relative vacuum gauge : --^D)n
b$$XriD]
3.真空计特性 \~?s= LT
3-1.真空计测量范围pressure range of vacuum gauge: KFfwZkj{
3-2.灵敏度系数sensitivity coefficient: *e>:K$r
3-4. 电离规系数(压力单位倒数)ionization gauge coefficient (in inverse pressure units): vq5I 2
3-5.规管光电流photon current of vacuum gauge head: @nT8[v
3-6.等效氮压力equivalent nitrogen pressure : r?X^*o9
3-7.X射线极限值 X-ray limit: w5*18L=O\
3-8.逆X射线效应anti X-ray effect: $Ilr.6';
3-9.布利尔斯效应blears effect: YD+C1*c!
-+PPz?0
4.全压真空计 ,@!d%rL:4]
4-1.液位压力计liquid level manometer: wcL0#[)
4-2.弹性元件真空计elastic element vacuum gauge: \!^o<$s.G
4-3.压缩式真空计compression gauge: RsOK5XnQn
4-4.压力天平pressure balance: {a_L
/"7
4-5.粘滞性真空计viscosity gauge : ncA2en?
4-6.热传导真空计thermal conductivity vacuum gauge : @<6-uk3S
4-7.热分子真空计thermo-molecular gauge: u?J(l)gd
4-8.电离真空计ionization vacuum gauge: 'PYl%2
4-9.放射性电离真空计radioactive ionization gauge: *
;M?R?+
4-10.冷阴极电离真空计cold cathode ionization gauge: ]Aluk|"`U
4-11.潘宁真空计penning gauge: }>1E,3A:%G
4-12.冷阴极磁控管真空计cold cathode magnetron gauge: iIF'!K=q
4-13.放电管指示器discharge tube indicator: r9t{/})A
4-14.热阴极电离真空计hot cathode ionization gauge: W
,U'hk%
4-15.三极管式真空计triode gauge: ;C{_T:LS
4-16.高压力电离(中真空)真空计high pressure (medium vacuum) ionization gauge: N-Z 9
4-17.B-A型电离真空计Bayard-Alpert gauge: 2kgm)-z
4-18.调制型电离真空计modulator gauge: vOj$-A--qU
4-19.抑制型电离真空计suppressor gauge: Hb$q}1+y
4-20.分离型电离真空计extractor gauge: <qy+@t
4-21.弯注型电离真空计bent beam gauge: Rd$<R
4-22.弹道型电离真空计 orbitron gauge : .o8Gi*PEY
4-23.热阴极磁控管真空计hot cathode magnetron gauge: MmK\|CtV
s6]f#s5o
5.分压真空计(分压分析器) G`P+J
5-1.射频质谱仪radio frequency mass spectrometer: +OH."4Z
5-2.四极质谱仪(四级滤质器)quadrupole mass spectrometer;quadrupole mass filer: SeTU`WLEm
5-3.单极质谱仪momopole mass spectrometer: Tc*PDt0C
5-4.双聚焦质谱仪double focusing mass spectrometer: 2X]\:<[4
5-5.磁偏转质谱仪magnetic deflection mass spectrometer: GGuLxc?(
5-6.余摆线聚焦质谱仪trochoidal focusing mass spectrometer: lt4UNJ3w
5-7.回旋质谱仪omegatron mass spectrometer: 5a~1RL
5-8.飞行时间质谱仪time of flight mass spectrometer: Xo5L:(?K
+vnaEy
6.真空计校准 =e+go
]87x
6-1.标准真空计reference gauges: =ht@7z8QM
6-2.校准系统system of calibration: ? c+;
6-3.校准系数K calibration coefficient: 6GN'rVr!Z
6-4.压缩计法meleod gauge method: ')aYkO{%sb
6-5.膨胀法expansion method: '8JaD6W9S
6-6.流导法flow method: oEN_,cUp
4. 1.真空系统vacuum system s^
a`=kO
1-1.真空机组pump system: QHh#O +by#
1-2.有油真空机组pump system used oil : L; ~=(
1-3.无油真空机组oil free pump system @e7+d@O<
1-4.连续处理真空设备continuous treatment vacuum plant: o(zg_!P
1-5.闸门式真空系统vacuum system with an air-lock: k?#6j1pn
1-6.压差真空系统differentially pumped vacuum system: 8dH|s#.4um
1-7.进气系统gas admittance system: d0^2<
'$zFGq
}}
2.真空系统特性参量 ^n]s}t}csV
2-1.抽气装置的抽速volume flow rate of a pumping unit : t]ZSo-
2-2.抽气装置的抽气量throughput of a pumping unit : qSd
$$L^
2-3.真空系统的放气速率degassing(outgassing) throughput of a vacuum system: iI1t
P
2-4.真空系统的漏气速率leak throughput of a vacuum system: 24Fxx9g
2-5.真空容器的升压速率rate of pressure rise of a vacuum chamber: Qi61(lK
2-6.极限压力ultimate pressure: .<B1i
2-7.残余压力residual pressure: qrkT7f
2-8.残余气体谱residual gas spectrum: i&$uG[&P
2-9.基础压力base pressure: 8f.La
2-10.工作压力working pressure:
ZS+2.)A
2-11.粗抽时间roughing time: xlLS`
2-12.抽气时间pump-down time: _biJch
2-13.真空系统时间常数time constant of a vacuum system: )3AT=b
2-14.真空系统进气时间venting time: 2&m7pcls
Z:_y,( 1Q
3.真空容器 gg(U}L
]:
3-1.真空容器;真空室vacuum chamber: Exr7vL
3-2.封离真空装置sealed vacuum device: dq(x@&J
3-3.真空钟罩vacuum bell jar: 63HkN4D4
3-4.真空容器底板vacuum base plate: -eMRxa>
3-5.真空岐管vacuum manifold: ~ #CCRUhM
3-6.前级真空容器(贮气罐)backing reservoir: wO#+8js
3-7.真空保护层outer chamber: [XXN0+ /
3-8.真空闸室vacuum air lock: lu_Gr=#O
3-9.真空冷凝器;蒸汽冷凝器device for condensing vapor: '}u31V"SS
? la_ +;m
4.真空封接和真空引入线 Os{qpR^<I:
4-1.永久性真空封接permanent seal : b5Pn|5AVj
4.2.玻璃分级过渡封接graded seal : lI 1lP 1
4-3.压缩玻璃金属封接compression glass-to-metal seal: P `"7m-
4-4.匹配式玻璃金属封接matched glass-to-metal seal: R=PzR;8
4-5.陶瓷金属封接ceramic-to-metal seal: |BW,pT
4-6.半永久性真空封接semi-permanent seal : 9K|lU:,
4-7.可拆卸的真空封接demountable joint: jGn^<T\
4-8.液体真空封接liquid seal ^&iV