“真空术语”好像论坛中没有,发一个希望有朋友喜欢。 #S(Hd?34,
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真空术语 Dj +f]~
%LV9=!w
1.标准环境条件 standard ambient condition: &vJH$R
2.气体的标准状态 standard reference conditions forgases: ]!
dTG
3.压力(压强)p pressure: 8RX&k
4.帕斯卡Pa pascal: ! z**y}<T
5.托Torr torr: xUvs:
6.标准大气压atm standard atmosphere: "#] $r
7.毫巴mbar millibar: !?XC1xe~R
8.分压力 partial pressure: . ^u,.
9.全压力 total pressure: xmG<]WF>E
10.真空 vacuum: `g,..Ns-r
11.真空度 degree of vacuum: VnzZTGs
12.真空区域 ranges of vacuum: G"6 !{4g
13.气体 gas: y^k$Us
14.非可凝气体 non-condensable gas: ~BF&rx5Q
15.蒸汽vapor: U17d>]ka
16.饱和蒸汽压saturation vapor pressure: TJN4k@\$2
17.饱和度degree of saturation: >V937
18.饱和蒸汽saturated vapor: %;/P&d/
19.未饱和蒸汽unsaturated vapor: q<J~ ~'
20.分子数密度n,m-3 number density of molecules: :+Z%; Dc
21.平均自由程ι、λ,m mean free path: phK/
22.碰撞率ψ collision rate: 4JEpl'5^Q
23.体积碰撞率χ volume collision rate: [e
q&C_|D
24.气体量G quantity of gas: "8/,Y"W"
25.气体的扩散 diffusion of gas: !W\+#ez
26.扩散系数D diffusion coefficient; diffusivity: SKtr tm
27.粘滞流 viscous flow: !<oe=)Iz|
28.粘滞系数η viscous factor: v^iAD2X/F
29.泊肖叶流 poiseuille flow: s.#`&Sd>
30.中间流 intermediate flow: G)YcJv7
31.分子流 molecular flow: L-Lvp%%
32克努曾数 number of knudsen: pw#-_
33.分子泻流 molecular effusion; effusive flow: ==B6qX8T
34.流逸 transpiration: 5s XXM
35.热流逸 thermal transpiration: 7nSxi+6e
36.分子流率qN molecular flow rate; molecular flux: No$3"4wk
37.分子流率密度 molecular flow rate density; density of molecular flux: CAlCDfKW}
38.质量流率qm mass flow rare: [?gP; ,
39.流量qG throughput of gas: $:6!H:ty
40.体积流率qV volume flow rate: Y@v>FlqI{
41.摩尔流率qυ molar flow rate: =%7-ZH9
42.麦克斯韦速度分布 maxwellian velocity distribution: H+#FSdy#
43.传输几率Pc transmission probability: ^pS~Z~[d/
44.分子流导CN,UN molecular conductance: $xqa{L%B
45.流导C,U conductance: jCY%|
46.固有流导Ci,Ui intrinsic conductance: =AT."$r>
47.流阻W resistance: Pfh mo $
48.吸附 sorption: <%^&2UMg
49.表面吸附 adsorption: Zfw,7am/
50.物理吸附physisorption: Om<a<q
51.化学吸附 chemisorption: f^e)O$N9]
52.吸收absorption: y}
'@R$
53.适应系数α accommodation factor: TvM~y\s
54.入射率υ impingement rate: WA qINLdX
55.凝结率condensation rate: m'U0'}Ld};
56.粘着率 sticking rate: +t.b` U`-
57.粘着几率Ps sticking probability: AX INThJ
58.滞留时间τ residence time: cK@wsA^4
59.迁移 migration: /1 dT+>
60.解吸 desorption: xk5]^yDp
61.去气 degassing: h;Kx!5)y
62.放气 outgassing: ^q&x7Kv%
63.解吸或放气或去气速率qGU desorption or outgassing or degassing rate: Y2TtY;
64.蒸发率 evaporation rate: !Cs_F&l"j
65.渗透 permeation: X2_=agEP
66.渗透率φ permeability: 5-V pJ
67.渗透系数P permeability coefficient l{9Y
2. 1.真空泵 vacuum pumps x;S @bY
1-1.容积真空泵 positive displacement pump: :s,Z<^5a)g
⑴.气镇真空泵 gas ballast vacuum pump: =|=(l)8
⑵.油封(液封)真空泵oil sealed (liquid-sealed) vacuum pump: Qrv<lE1V;
⑶.干封真空泵 dry-sealed vacuum pump: kM6
Qp
⑷.往复真空泵 piston vacuum pump: m 5.Zu.
⑸.液环真空泵 liquid ring vacuum pump: ?< />Z)
⑹.旋片真空泵 sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: #cJ@uqR
⑺.定片真空泵 rotary piston vacuum pump: F
[M,]?
⑻.滑阀真空泵 rotary plunger vacuum pump: 1oS/`)
⑼.余摆线真空泵 trochoidal vacuum pump: `uFdwO'DD
⑽.多室旋片真空泵 multi-chamber sliding vane rotary vacuum pump: pmM9,6P4@
⑾.罗茨真空泵 roots vacuum pump: >z03{=sAN
1-2.动量传输泵 kinetic vacuum pump: E./2jCwI(Y
⑴.牵引分子泵molecular drag pump: |4JEU3\$
⑵.涡轮分子泵turbo molecular pump: Q8NX)R
⑶.喷射真空泵ejector vacuum pump: RN1_S
⑷.液体喷射真空泵liquid jet vacuum pump:
Hz~zu{;{J
⑸.气体喷射真空泵gas jet vacuum pump: :h$$J
lP
⑹.蒸汽喷射真空泵vapor jet vacuum pump : IPk4
;,
⑺.扩散泵diffusion pump : ;jXgAAz7
⑻.自净化扩散泵self purifying diffusion pump: ixFi{_
⑼.分馏扩散泵 fractionating diffusion pump : +0&/g&a\R
⑽.扩散喷射泵diffusion ejector pump : `A >@]d
⑾.离子传输泵ion transfer pump: 6<]lW
1-3.捕集真空泵 entrapment vacuum pump: xAr\gu
⑴吸附泵adsorption pump: g(052]
⑵.吸气剂泵 getter pump: 3<!7>]A
⑶.升华(蒸发)泵 sublimation (evaporation)pump : Wri<h:1
⑷.吸气剂离子泵getter ion pump: )UR7i8]!0
⑸.蒸发离子泵 evaporation ion pump: A<{{iBEI`
⑹.溅射离子泵sputter ion pump: WY/}1X9.%
⑺.低温泵cryopump: 2:kH[#
fl(wV.Je|
2.真空泵零部件 uYN`:b8
2-1.泵壳 pump case: *T/']t
2-2.入口 inlet: Z~CjA%l
2-3.出口outlet: | (93gJ
2-4.旋片(滑片、滑阀)vane; blade : _U(
2-5.排气阀discharge valve: NOva'qk
2-6.气镇阀gas ballast valve: " x-j~u?
2-7.膨胀室expansion chamber: DI>s-7
2-8.压缩室compression chamber: 29KiuP
2-9.真空泵油 vacuum pump oil: 8=l%5r^cq
2-10.泵液 pump fluid: q1,~
2-11.喷嘴 nozzle: 3u=g6W2 F
2-13.喷嘴扩张率nozzle expansion rate: t# i#(H
2-14.喷嘴间隙面积 nozzle clearance area : SU0
hma8
2-15.喷嘴间隙nozzle clearance: 2ESo2
2-16.射流jet: p2eGm-Erq
2-17.扩散器diffuser: GJrG~T
2-18.扩散器喉部diffuser thoat: aOp\91
2-19.蒸汽导管vapor tube(pipe;chimney): G[=c
Ss,
2-20.喷嘴组件nozzle assembly: Dtk=[;"k2a
2-21.下裙skirt: dH!*!r>
C]6O!Pb0
3.附件 1#x0 q:6
3-1阱trap: (zk"~Ud
⑴.冷阱 cold trap: \hXDO_U
⑵.吸附阱sorption trap: lN@o2QX
⑶.离子阱ion trap: rp$'L7lrX
⑷.冷冻升华阱 cryosublimation trap: @dKTx#gZ
3-2.挡板baffle: >7|VR:U?B
3-3.油分离器oil separator: -f .,tM=
3-4.油净化器oil purifier: 3BI1fXT4=j
3-5.冷凝器condenser: K0~rN.C!0
OXA7w.^
4.泵按工作分类 HN"Z]/5j
4-1.主泵main pump: &~CI<\o P
4-2.粗抽泵roughing vacuum pump: ]kSG R
4-3.前级真空泵backing vacuum pump: Vr}'.\$
4-4.粗(低)真空泵 roughing(low)vacuum pump: tw;}jh
4-5.维持真空泵holding vacuum pump: *@5 @,=d
4-6.高真空泵high vacuum pump: )`:UP~)H
4-7.超高真空泵ultra-high vacuum pump: o&%g8=n%
4-8.增压真空泵booster vacuum pump: %J(:ADu]
th_oJcS
5.真空泵特性 **%37
5-1.真空泵的抽气速率(体积流率)s volume flow rate of a vacuum pump: T)/eeZ$
5-2.真空泵的抽气量Q throughput of vacuum pump:。 C+$#y2"z#n
5-3.起动压力starting pressure: MtdG>TzUn
5-4.前级压力 backing pressure : 1}x%%RD_
5-5.临界前级压力 critical backing pressure: N8jIMb'<
5-6.最大前级压力maximum backing pressure: #mdc [.
5-7.最大工作压力maximum working pressure: /v{I
5-8.真空泵的极限压力ultimate pressure of a pump: pBHRa?Y5
5-9.压缩比compression ratio: .('SW\u-
5-10.何氏系数Ho coefficient: K-v#.e4
5-11.抽速系数speed factor: B\~}3!j
5-12.气体的反扩散back-diffusion of gas: vh^VxS
5-13.泵液返流back-streaming of pump fluid: 9[4xFE?|
5-14.返流率back-streaming rate y[;>#j$
5-15.返迁移back-migration: zhQJy?>'m
5-16.爆腾bumping: {: /}NpA$
5-17.水蒸气允许量qm water vapor tolerable load: ?,z}%p
5-18.最大允许水蒸气入口压力maximum tolerable water vapor inlet pressure: oH@78D0A
5-19.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的加热时间warm-up time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump: IGl9g_18
5-20.蒸汽喷射泵、扩散泵或扩散喷射泵的冷却时间cool-down time for a vapor jet pump or a diffusion pump or a diffusion ejector pump }jXfb@`K
3. 1.一般术语 :#Wd~~d
1-1.压力计pressure gauge: O.? JmE
1-2.真空计vacuum gauge: >4TO=i
⑴.规头(规管)gauge head: /~1+i'7V.,
⑵.裸规nude gauge : 5BIY<B+i
⑶.真空计控制单元gauge control unit : 3o*YzwRt
⑷.真空计指示单元gauge indicating unit : [Xkx_B
6ujWNf
2.真空计一般分类 vM={V$D&
2-1.压差式真空计differential vacuum gauge: vx
=&QavL
2-2.绝对真空计 absolute vacuum gauge: hrk r'3lv
2-3.全压真空计total pressure vacuum gauge: E.h*g8bXe
2-4.分压真空计;分压分析器partial pressure vacuum gauge; partial pressure analyser: F ,kZU$
2-5.相对真空计relative vacuum gauge : U{mYTN*:j$
!
nx{
X
3.真空计特性 w0.
u\
3-1.真空计测量范围pressure range of vacuum gauge: tQVVhXQ7
3-2.灵敏度系数sensitivity coefficient: P55fL-vo|}
3-4. 电离规系数(压力单位倒数)ionization gauge coefficient (in inverse pressure units): %d@z39-;
3-5.规管光电流photon current of vacuum gauge head: *~`(RV
3-6.等效氮压力equivalent nitrogen pressure : :FF=a3/"6
3-7.X射线极限值 X-ray limit: tbr=aY$jY
3-8.逆X射线效应anti X-ray effect: 6BlXLQ,8q
3-9.布利尔斯效应blears effect:
7GGUV
4+n\k
4.全压真空计 42{~Lhxt
4-1.液位压力计liquid level manometer: qq?!LEZ
4-2.弹性元件真空计elastic element vacuum gauge: /r 5eWR1G
4-3.压缩式真空计compression gauge: BtZ yn7a
4-4.压力天平pressure balance: }V>T M{
4-5.粘滞性真空计viscosity gauge : st*gs-8jJ;
4-6.热传导真空计thermal conductivity vacuum gauge : c-w)|-ac.
4-7.热分子真空计thermo-molecular gauge: #yen8SskB
4-8.电离真空计ionization vacuum gauge: !D6]JPX
4-9.放射性电离真空计radioactive ionization gauge: NK+o1
4-10.冷阴极电离真空计cold cathode ionization gauge: 3`HV(5U[
4-11.潘宁真空计penning gauge: }H4RR}g
4-12.冷阴极磁控管真空计cold cathode magnetron gauge: 7)m9"InDI
4-13.放电管指示器discharge tube indicator: f1? >h\F8
4-14.热阴极电离真空计hot cathode ionization gauge: =1!
'QUc
4-15.三极管式真空计triode gauge: `oJ [u:b
4-16.高压力电离(中真空)真空计high pressure (medium vacuum) ionization gauge: a*;b^Ze`v
4-17.B-A型电离真空计Bayard-Alpert gauge: INf&4!&h
4-18.调制型电离真空计modulator gauge: GbyJ:
4-19.抑制型电离真空计suppressor gauge: Efe 7gE'
4-20.分离型电离真空计extractor gauge: E`q_bn
4-21.弯注型电离真空计bent beam gauge: 2c}E(8e]
4-22.弹道型电离真空计 orbitron gauge : ^Cmyx3O^
4-23.热阴极磁控管真空计hot cathode magnetron gauge: E7hhew
k9R9Nz|J
5.分压真空计(分压分析器) POW>~Tof1
5-1.射频质谱仪radio frequency mass spectrometer: 6zkaOA46V
5-2.四极质谱仪(四级滤质器)quadrupole mass spectrometer;quadrupole mass filer: qR.Q,(b|
5-3.单极质谱仪momopole mass spectrometer: kza5ab
5-4.双聚焦质谱仪double focusing mass spectrometer: !k%#R4*>
5-5.磁偏转质谱仪magnetic deflection mass spectrometer:
lr?;*f^3
5-6.余摆线聚焦质谱仪trochoidal focusing mass spectrometer: wr4:Go`
5-7.回旋质谱仪omegatron mass spectrometer: PH"%kCI:
5-8.飞行时间质谱仪time of flight mass spectrometer: )[ ,A_3E
Bx!-"e
6.真空计校准 "b[5]Y{
U
6-1.标准真空计reference gauges: 0c&+|>!
6-2.校准系统system of calibration: l0]
EX>"E
6-3.校准系数K calibration coefficient: Q\)F;: |
6-4.压缩计法meleod gauge method: ,Q,^3*HX9}
6-5.膨胀法expansion method: BY*Q_Et
6-6.流导法flow method: !W0v >p
4. 1.真空系统vacuum system 8fb'yjIC
1-1.真空机组pump system: 'S~5"6r
1-2.有油真空机组pump system used oil : \9d$@V
1-3.无油真空机组oil free pump system Q&&@v4L
1-4.连续处理真空设备continuous treatment vacuum plant: edV\-H5<
1-5.闸门式真空系统vacuum system with an air-lock: "L1Zi.)
1-6.压差真空系统differentially pumped vacuum system: z2c6T.1M
1-7.进气系统gas admittance system: H"KCK6
] - .aL
2.真空系统特性参量 mq[ug>
2-1.抽气装置的抽速volume flow rate of a pumping unit : 2tLJU Z1
2-2.抽气装置的抽气量throughput of a pumping unit : y]imZ4{/
2-3.真空系统的放气速率degassing(outgassing) throughput of a vacuum system: OZT.=^:A
2-4.真空系统的漏气速率leak throughput of a vacuum system: {!`4iiF
2-5.真空容器的升压速率rate of pressure rise of a vacuum chamber: "j-CZ\]U|
2-6.极限压力ultimate pressure: q;U,s)Uz^
2-7.残余压力residual pressure: X.V~SeS
2-8.残余气体谱residual gas spectrum: q=G+Tocv
2-9.基础压力base pressure: &{RDM~
2-10.工作压力working pressure: zJXplvaL;
2-11.粗抽时间roughing time: $"&JWT!#
2-12.抽气时间pump-down time: !c-*O<Y
2-13.真空系统时间常数time constant of a vacuum system: *kVV+H<X|b
2-14.真空系统进气时间venting time: AEuG v}#
q =Il|Nb>
3.真空容器 dd["dBIZ '
3-1.真空容器;真空室vacuum chamber: [2koe.?(
3-2.封离真空装置sealed vacuum device: I|J/F}@p
3-3.真空钟罩vacuum bell jar: OH"XrCX7n
3-4.真空容器底板vacuum base plate: B:QHwzd
3-5.真空岐管vacuum manifold: w:l"\Tm
3-6.前级真空容器(贮气罐)backing reservoir: 6Iw\c
3-7.真空保护层outer chamber: ,PZ ge
3-8.真空闸室vacuum air lock: U3kyraj
3-9.真空冷凝器;蒸汽冷凝器device for condensing vapor: .G^YqJ 4
iOdpM{~*
4.真空封接和真空引入线 H:G1BZjq
4-1.永久性真空封接permanent seal : lLD12d
4.2.玻璃分级过渡封接graded seal : *qMY22X
4-3.压缩玻璃金属封接compression glass-to-metal seal: Wvqhl
'J
4-4.匹配式玻璃金属封接matched glass-to-metal seal: >Se,;cB'/]
4-5.陶瓷金属封接ceramic-to-metal seal: >f'g0g
4-6.半永久性真空封接semi-permanent seal : hEk$d.!}
4-7.可拆卸的真空封接demountable joint: 5PW^j\G-f
4-8.液体真空封接liquid seal &[SC|=U'M
4-9.熔融金属真空封接molten metal seal: FN;^"H
4-10.研磨面搭接封接ground and lapped seal: <,(,jU)j
4-11.真空法兰连接vacuum flange connection: ZC}QId
4-12.真空密封垫vacuum-tight gasket: fAmz4
4-13.真空密封圈ring gasket: # [a*rD%m
4-14.真空平密封垫flat gasket: kW (Bkuc)
4-15.真空引入线feedthrough leadthrough: EzIGz[
4-16.真空轴密封shaft seal: VD :/PL
4-17.真空窗vacuum window: Ru~j,|0r4
4-18.观察窗viewing window: ty`DJO=Omj
g1o8._f.
5.真空阀门 sC ;+F*0g
5-1.真空阀门的特性characteristic of vacuum valves: %IRi1EmN8
⑴.真空阀门的流导conductance of vacuum valves: '\GbmD^F
⑵.真空阀门的阀座漏气率leak rate of the vacuum seat: Dxxm="FQZ
5-2.真空调节阀regulating valve: LK"69Qx?5q
5-3.微调阀 micro-adjustable valve: EIQ
p>|5
5-4.充气阀charge valve: ?
qA]w9x
5-5.进气阀gas admittance valve: EZj9wd"u
5-6.真空截止阀break valve: 9C\Fq-
5-7.前级真空阀backing valve: p^_yU_
5-8.旁通阀 by-pass valve: rbCAnwA2
5-9.主真空阀main vacuum valve: Z<4AL\l 98
5-10.低真空阀low vacuum valve: x;')9/3
5-11.高真空阀high vacuum valve: ZW}_Qs
5-12.超高真空阀;UHV阀 ultra-high vacuum valve: Gbw2E&a