[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 L(<*)No  
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模型 (!aNq(   
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Lc,Pom  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. rig,mv  
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光源 F?*-4I-  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Su7?;Oh/yI  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ->-KCd1b  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 mt{nm[D!Xp  
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视网膜的散射 g`' !HGY  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 O!#g<`r{K  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ,{u yG
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脚本 VU(v3^1"  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： gjwn7_  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |!3DPA(_  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 C=L>zOZ  
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分析 F3@phu${  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 %~H-)_d20  
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脚本代码 @sW24J1q+  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _LEK%  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY XH4  
Dim op As T_OPERATION nLZTK&7}  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL z,[Hli*0  
Dim A As Double ;;OAQ`  
Dim pupilDiam As Double {l1.2!  
Dim eID As Long .Ni\\  
Dim parID As Long TCwFPlF|  
Dim count As Integer &ZlVWK~v  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double zII|9
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ) <[XtK  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double HSE!x_$  
Dim ok As Long {0Yf]FQb-a  
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Sub Main T= y}y  
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    '用户输入对话框 Db}j?ik/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 n`B:;2X,
 
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 17%,7P9pg  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |PCm01NU!  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 z;,u}u}aI  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Olt?~}  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 mA}TJz  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ?
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    End Dialog B:yGS*.tu  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ^+>laOzC`8  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) -n~1C{<  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed KI iO  
        Print "Execution cancelled." e\`&p  
        End E!)xj.aS$  
    End If
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty MO]F1E?X  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Af~$TyX  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ,GhS[VJjR  
    Else UawyDs  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PFlNo` iO  
    End If CAig]=2'  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then PfAgM1  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter p}z<Fdu0  
    Else b4%??"&<Y  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) U/66L+1  
    End If  L^/5ux  
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    Print " " hlvK5Z  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ) yi E@ X  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" @muRxi  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation q5J5>  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness s0TORl6Z|  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ;>U2|>5V  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,\W 8b-Z  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 

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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens &)# ihK_  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness k{R>  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction <6%?OJhp  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :;%2BSgFU  
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    '************************************************************************* )
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) nK1Slg#U  
    '************************************************************************* D=A&+6B@-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) h6L&\~pf  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity G{As,`{  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NR$3%0 nC6  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z d~])K#oJ  
    count = 0 @o].He@L<j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |"q5sym8Y_  
        GetOperation eID, count, op /*(Kr'c  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *P[hy  
            DeleteOperation eID,count f=+
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            count=count-1 ;}I:\P  
        End If S3C]AhW;  
        count=count+1 j.[.1G*("  
    Wend x;O[c3I  
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    'Set new shift in _O)>$.^6  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" (q/e1L-S  
    op.val1 = taq h:))@@7MJ  
    op.parent = parID 1;bh^WMJ  
    AddOperation eID, op ;DQ ZT  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 +zqn<<9  
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    '************************************************************************* "`/h#np  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens J/`<!$<c  
    '************************************************************************* RXMISt3+{y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Gm&Za,4%4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #Qw0&kM7I  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant nAAs{  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant )N{Pw$l_  
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    '************************************************************************* >a<.mU|#  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6D;Sgc5"  
    '************************************************************************* fCd&D  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ;J( 8 L  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic PA{PD.4Du  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost KJUH(]>F  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost gT{Q#C2Baw  
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    '************************************************************************* ]Jg&VXrH  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) _IHV7*u{;  
    '************************************************************************* IxN9&xa
  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) wYXQlxdy  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) a#(?P.6  
    count = 0 BN
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w>&aEv/f  
        GetOperation eID, count, op HXC
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |*eZD-f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gnf8l?M  
            count=count-1 F@jZ
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        End If bjW]bRw  
        count=count+1 y3Qsv  
    Wend ij`w} V  
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    'Set new z-shift w$iX.2|9%u  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =!A_^;NQf  
    op.val1 = tlens A1$T
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    op.parent = parID Igt#V;kK"2  
    AddOperation eID, op :K,i\  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens cxC6n%!
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    '************************************************************************* epe)a  
    'Lens index of refraction 9wUkh}s  
    '************************************************************************* [#vH'y
  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) B)g[3gQ  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat e2TiBTbQaF  
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    mat.Nd = nlens M#6W(|V/  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat qOtgve`jX  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens *I.f1lz%*  
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    '************************************************************************* zT]8KA   
    'Pupil diameter e{K 215  
    '************************************************************************* V!A~K   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ~L\z8[<C  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) `p-cSxR_  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" s~g *@K>+  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens sY Q
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) lvz7#f L~  
    count = 0 8qTys8  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %s|Ely)  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \ :sUL!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then *Kgks4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count t\,PB{P
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            count=count-1 =s2*H8]  
        End If ,!y$qVg'\f  
        count=count+1 KwSqKI7]0  
    Wend 4F'LBS]=0  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" WPMSm<[  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 E,U+o $  
    op.parent = parID BM .~ 5\  
    AddOperation eID, op E A1?)|}n  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam vMH  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %_W)~Pv{+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f+,qNvBY/  
    GetEntity eID, entity _op}1   
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" VU
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    SetEntity eID, entity K=h9Ce  
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    Update K!Y71_#  
    Print "DONE!" ~IBP|)WA-  
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End Sub :KP@RZm  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： bJ {'<J  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters C1n>M}b  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~-Qw.EdC  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 A[{yCn`tM  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 u^I|T.w<r6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 g@!V3V  
Set lens thickness = 3.927
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 0-Ku7<a  
Set pupil diameter = 4 _|I#{jK  
DONE! Flm%T-Dl  
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