[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ?ft_  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 i;xg[e8.  
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模型 dt \O7Rjw8  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 }oN(nPxv9  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. NDg]s2T  
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光源 )I>rC%2P  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 UpIf t=@P  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 DA wzXsx  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 rL s6MY  
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视网膜的散射 #_7c>gn  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ;VuB8cnL`  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 t<k8.9 M$  
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脚本 6~8 RFf"  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： E+)Go-rS(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 :L[6a>"neE  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 =z/F=1^<  
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分析 /t
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 !kcg#+s91  
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脚本代码 mq
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. AWDjj\Q4  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ]xG8vy  
Dim op As T_OPERATION m?j!0>  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL &rl>{Uvq  
Dim A As Double 9CNHjs+-}s  
Dim pupilDiam As Double *o[%?$8T  
Dim eID As Long t0>{0 5  
Dim parID As Long 8joQPHkI\  
Dim count As Integer gJ&
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (<l2 ^H  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 4BT`|(7  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double LU{Z  
Dim ok As Long is(!_Iv  
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Sub Main Tv$7aVi!  
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    '用户输入对话框 j
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 cDiz!n*.q  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 NXBOo  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 32iI :u  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Nd_@J&  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 BFOFes`>~  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 6p"c^  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tTGK25&  
    End Dialog #Qr4Ke$g[l  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog [kOA+\v  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U!/nD~A  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~TH5>``;gF  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Qs9U&*L  
        End jw[
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    End If 4w( vR
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &=Zg0Q  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then DOVX$N$3  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ~n^G<iXLp  
    Else #( sNk,^Ax  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 1N!g`=}  
    End If o0G`Xn  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then uX +<`3O  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 9S%gVNxn  
    Else 1=Zw=ufqV  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \( <{)GpBi  
    End If WKl'  
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    Print " " +n[wkgFd  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Sz|CreFK16  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" J,G9m4Z7  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation qW~R-g]  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness h+3Z.WKhwP  

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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens RLz`aBT  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ` G=L07  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Tn0l|GRuZA  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens W)!{U(X  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r!$NZ2I  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction P%`R7yk  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9G&l qfX:  
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    '************************************************************************* ]KK ZbEO  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) |SP.S 0.y  
    '************************************************************************* GoSWH2N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) zrU$SWU  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Q^Z<RA(C  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >3`ctbe  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z [Ht."Vx
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    count = 0 sIRrEea  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 6eUi
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        GetOperation eID, count, op Ac!&j=
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then RpXs3=9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ZC5Yve8  
            count=count-1 5d?!<(e6  
        End If SZ2q}[o`R  
        count=count+1 380->  
    Wend dI0
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    'Set new shift in 5'kTe=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" @b!R2Yq  
    op.val1 = taq :Q r7:$S^  
    op.parent = parID o;VkoYV  
    AddOperation eID, op L_gsG|xX  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Wt+y-ES  
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    '************************************************************************* LD~Jbq  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens _.OMjUBZT  
    '************************************************************************* A:.IBctsd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B)DC,+@$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic EK8
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant V^ fGRA  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant I^M#[xA  
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    '************************************************************************* u_
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 5S\][;u  
    '************************************************************************* Y*kh$E%<#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) %%as>}.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2%5^Fi  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Zc4(tf9  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 8sR  
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    '************************************************************************* co<2e#p;  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8g[(nxI~  
    '************************************************************************* F8uRT&m B0  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dThn?  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) I3G*+6V  
    count = 0 7cUR.PI#Q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^J#?hHz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 0+K`pS'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then agU%z:M{  
            DeleteOperation eID,count b:FEp'ZS  
            count=count-1 ;!l*7}5X=  
        End If {WYu0J@  
        count=count+1 yD3bl%uZ
 
    Wend tA! M  
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    'Set new z-shift B_SZ?o  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" XlPK3^'N)h  
    op.val1 = tlens
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    op.parent = parID $PatHY@h  
    AddOperation eID, op 4i_spF-3  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens DA+A >5/  
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    '************************************************************************* %uGleY]~  
    'Lens index of refraction HF&h  
    '************************************************************************* U{T[*s  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) f$1Gu  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat K/f>f;c  
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    mat.Nd = nlens !dfS|BA]  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat *F\T}k7  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens xb4Pt`x)rS  
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    '************************************************************************* Ci]'G>F@"  
    'Pupil diameter =7 Jy  
    '************************************************************************* B;xZ%M]  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 0V<Aub[${  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) cr76cYq"Q  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ~
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens vC{h2A  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) WW//heJe-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) \p5|}<Sr)  
    count = 0 J"%8:pL  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 0zg2g!lh  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #d7N| 9_  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then I*^5'N'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 4^0d)+Ff  
            count=count-1 8K|J:[7  
        End If W*YxBn4  
        count=count+1 _REqT  
    Wend yJDeX1+,  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EfFz7j&X  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8<YX7e  
    op.parent = parID Iq)(UfaSve  
    AddOperation eID, op c
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam rei 8LW  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description IZO@V1-m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fx<FIj7  
    GetEntity eID, entity J4YT)-  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" :~
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    SetEntity eID, entity Dq?E
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    Update n%F-cw  
    Print "DONE!" ID)^vwn  
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End Sub Y^QKp"  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： z(+&w
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters v9u<F6  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {1jpLdCbV^  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 CK2B  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 %Nj #0YF]  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 doBNghS  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 nt=x]wEC  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ndr)3tuYu  
Set pupil diameter = 4 `3J':Vh  
DONE! RL6Vkd?  
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