[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ?Gw89r  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'Rw] C[  
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模型 [&s:x,  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ^i1:PlW]  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. =nZd"t'p|  
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光源 6^u(PzlA|~  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Yk&{VXU<  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 mj|9x1U)  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 #_\~Vrf(#  
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视网膜的散射 h!GixN?  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 RL9BB.  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 KL`>mJo$  
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脚本 $g;xw?~#  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： k0?6.[ku  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 DBDfBb  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 T7'$A!c  
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分析 q(W@=-uDK  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 N\$wpDI~  
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脚本代码 k#n=mm'N9  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. CG;D(AWR;  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY {5JXg9um  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Xv:IbM> Qc  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL i|mA/ e3b  
Dim A As Double 9n'p7(s%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double k~ue^^r}  
Dim eID As Long %Z4=3?5B"9  
Dim parID As Long < r~Tj  
Dim count As Integer !Ao
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !TFVBK  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double kn\>ZgU  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double (tvh9o  
Dim ok As Long S)%x22sqf  
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Sub Main sh1()vT  

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    '用户输入对话框 :*1w;>o)n  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 =F4}  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Cn<x  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Tx(R3B+u7  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 9D,&)6  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 hj4Rr(T  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 b}:Z(L,\  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |=POV]K  
    End Dialog ./d (@@  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog YaU A}0cW  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) @w0[5ZAj  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 1yu!:8=
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        Print "Execution cancelled." L;"<8\vWB  
        End xph60T
  
    End If \w3wh*  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty :$j~;)2  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Gm.hBNgp  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation DKZ69^  
    Else ]^y}}y  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) /Q!F/HY3ZS  
    End If nCrNZ&P  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then <T wq{kt  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter zP9!fA  
    Else P(`IY+  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) dY,'6JzC  
    End If R|suBF3  
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    Print " " D1f=f88/}  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 0`W~
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" )~`zjVx_  

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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ^tv*I~>J!  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ^{w&&+#,q  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 9YJb~tuZ73  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens )nY/
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Xk2  75Y  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens G 1$l%B  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ?]t8$^m,;  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 4Qdg t*  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 7v-C-u[E`  
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    '************************************************************************* "rXGXQu  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) c:0$ Mw=  
    '************************************************************************* BWs\'B  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %;<FfS  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity {t7 M  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 8p FSm>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 7@sWT<P  
    count = 0 ;cO0Y.V9l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count aQ)9<LsI  
        GetOperation eID, count, op #_E8>;)k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _ReQQti[
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count lY1m%  
            count=count-1 /nrD
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        End If IQM!dC  
        count=count+1 4nY2v['m0  
    Wend =3"Nn4Z  
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    'Set new shift in 6+It>mnR  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1kpI?Plki  
    op.val1 = taq @ +7'0[y?  
    op.parent = parID %=]{~5f>  
    AddOperation eID, op 1t)6wk N  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >$?Z&7Lv  
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    '************************************************************************* E
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens {>z.y1  
    '************************************************************************* u4S3NLG)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) &8;mcM//4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic qg>i8V  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 'g^]ZTxb  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant &pCKz[Yf+  
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    '************************************************************************* I@hC$o  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens aA:Ky&5e  
    '************************************************************************* HsO=%bb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) F;zmq%rK  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l"cYW9  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost !PO(Bfd  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost )Q
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    '************************************************************************* `Q{kiy  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) BjB2YO& /  
    '************************************************************************* DF|qNX  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) iBZ+gsSP  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) }x%"Oq|2]x  
    count = 0 c`i
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o$Jk27  
        GetOperation eID, count, op o?b"B+#  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #0mn_#-P)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {!-w|&bF  
            count=count-1 [0 W^|=#K  
        End If ]$z~;\T  
        count=count+1 ^lQe

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    Wend 4gYP .h:,  
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    'Set new z-shift :cOwTW?Fj  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 's e9|:  
    op.val1 = tlens '- Z4GcL  
    op.parent = parID QZDGk4GG  
    AddOperation eID, op g'mkhF(  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens >8RIMW2  
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    '************************************************************************* N%^mR>.`  
    'Lens index of refraction >CYg\vas!  
    '************************************************************************* ok7DI  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) R+^/(Ws'<  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat @ #V31im"N  
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    mat.Nd = nlens YN\ QwV  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat oVLz7Y[JE  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |o+vpy  
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    '************************************************************************* /A_ IS`  
    'Pupil diameter GM@TWwG-B  
    '************************************************************************* 7C&
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,x_g|J _Y  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) -,Q<*)q{  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" F9d][ P@@  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens YrB-;R1+  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) EK#w: "  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) d`^@/1tO  
    count = 0 0wOgQ
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J,E&Uz95%  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 'dBzv>ngD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then JhuKW>7  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #8[,w.X  
            count=count-1 d/7c#er  
        End If ?lbX.+  
        count=count+1 #ReW#?P%b/  
    Wend #?aR,@n  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Q>X ;7nt0  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 
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    op.parent = parID +[z(N  
    AddOperation eID, op E{j6OX\  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam u |#ruFR  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description m@jOIt!<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) lMP|$C  
    GetEntity eID, entity @ cv`}k  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" q.MM|;_u`  
    SetEntity eID, entity EQ7cK63  
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    Update QO|ODW+D  
    Print "DONE!" O" T1=4  
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End Sub w$2-t  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： fV[xv4D.  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters M?]ObIM:5  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm  f0:)  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 #Xsby  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !hJ%{.  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 k 9s3@S  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ;M}bQ88  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 \QHM7C T  
Set pupil diameter = 4 6g$+))g  
DONE! Ot v{#bB$  
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