[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 t*.O >$[  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (i.MxGDd  
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模型 M+gQN}BAr  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 !Z YMks4  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Qi&!IG  
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光源 o*_[3{FU  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 TKx.`Cf m  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 UAFl+d!  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 (*;b\h  
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视网膜的散射 -7fsfcGM$  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 g;i>nzf  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 &{!FE`ZC_  
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脚本 {CG%$rh  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： = 7d{lK  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 &p8b4y_  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Rb Jl;  
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分析 )[|TxXz d  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ^q-]."W]t~  
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脚本代码 kO{A]LnAH  

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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. a6wPkf7-H  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY `wj<d>m  
Dim op As T_OPERATION V|e
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL y!&6"l$K]  
Dim A As Double &<2~7?$!  
Dim pupilDiam As Double wa-#C,R\_#  
Dim eID As Long as=Z_a:0N  
Dim parID As Long %ZF47P%6  
Dim count As Integer v^1_'PAXu  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double LG0+A}E=C  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double C ?JcCD2  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double R".~{6  
Dim ok As Long =&jLwy  
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Sub Main 0Mpc#:a%1  
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    '用户输入对话框 [vh&o-6  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 }G}2Y (  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 m%hI@'  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <Dojl #  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21  b)/,  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 0`VA}c  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 j;}!Yn  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 0aj4.H*%  
    End Dialog *;@V5[^3I?  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ;}"!|  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) }TE4)vXs  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 9jW/"  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 50h?#u6?  
        End Af y\:&j  
    End If 3H"bivK
 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty h[HFZv~{  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _voU^-  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation f/+UD-@%m  
    Else zv/owK  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 6WUP
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    End If ${fJ]  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then #$k6OlK-r"  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Z ,4G'[d  
    Else )2
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) MoAZ!cF8  
    End If Eci,];S7  
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    Print " " C.su<B?  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" NABVU0}
 
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" fbv%&z  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =VXxQ\{  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~t0\Q; @($  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens [@K#BFA  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 9qe<bds1  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ? }t[  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens aG&ay3[&
 
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8<#S:O4kA  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction V'n4iM  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation d4(!9O.\  
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    '************************************************************************* 78o>UWA:  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) DMeP9D  
    '************************************************************************* 7R4xJ H  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ik:fq&=  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity HzuB.B<  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "V7 SB   
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 
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    count = 0 4|yZA*Q^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (j*1sk  
        GetOperation eID, count, op aNcuT,=(?8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ;`p!/9il  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 335\0~;3  
            count=count-1 w26x)(7  
        End If :f9O3QA  
        count=count+1 }iu
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    Wend Vy+UOV&v-  
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    'Set new shift in W{JNNf6G  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" u=
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    op.val1 = taq +|SvJ  
    op.parent = parID k-~HUC.A.  
    AddOperation eID, op cag9f?w@V  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F|ib=_)3  
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    '************************************************************************* zSU06Y  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens n-%8RV  
    '************************************************************************* \q |n0>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 9S_N*wC.  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic HJV8P2f8`  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant GiF})e}  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant tOu:j [  
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    '************************************************************************* dE[_]2];P  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens T-'B-g  
    '************************************************************************* fUJ\W"qya  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) cdH Ug#  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `6t3D&.u0  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost :2n(WXFFI  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost TYs#v/)
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    '************************************************************************* N]p|c3D  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) INHN=KY{  
    '************************************************************************* [H3~b=  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) qZ39TTQ*p  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) qM$~5uu  
    count = 0 ;-G!jWt6Zi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count R.g'&_zx  
        GetOperation eID, count, op N1V qK  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !6wbg  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `R}D@  
            count=count-1 .2xp.i{  
        End If =f)S=0UF  
        count=count+1 Z{ntF  
    Wend aBM'
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    'Set new z-shift HA{-XPAWZ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3q:-98DT  
    op.val1 = tlens y>S.B/d  
    op.parent = parID n\2VrUQ)M  
    AddOperation eID, op Y/t:9Aau  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens t[6g9e$  
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    '************************************************************************* 
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    'Lens index of refraction |Hbe]2"x>  
    '************************************************************************* I(8,D[G.m  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) HrA6wn\O  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ou44vKzS  
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    mat.Nd = nlens sz.(_{5!  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 4/{Io &|  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens {Izg1N  
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    '************************************************************************* ;G.m;5A
  
    'Pupil diameter a9GOY+;bf  
    '************************************************************************* FhB^E$r%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Rg&6J#h  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) SaEe7eHd  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Gvt.m&_  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens qEE3x>&T]  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) vi6EI wZG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) A.vcE  
    count = 0 a4,bP*H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v&(X&q  
        GetOperation eID, count, op J+&AtGq]u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then -p>KFHj6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count h*hV  
            count=count-1 l)z15e5X  
        End If jh]wHG  
        count=count+1 r2.87   
    Wend .i/]1X*;r^  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~}4o=O(  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 -!MDYj+U  
    op.parent = parID )dLESk  
    AddOperation eID, op BzA(yCu$:  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam g\ @
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description d\, 4Wet;#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1X2oz  
    GetEntity eID, entity ywk;  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =rgWOn8  
    SetEntity eID, entity _\"P<+!  
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    Update nl5K1!1  
    Print "DONE!" )1j~(C)E8  
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End Sub S#+G?I3w  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ]Vl5v5_  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters dWD,iO_"@  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm %8$JL=c  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 R^](X*  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~A8lvuw3  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 uA!T@>vl  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 A>>@&c:(  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Eg-b5Z);  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Di*+Cz;gK  
DONE! Z6>:
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