[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 +rfw)c'  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 w4<1*u@${  
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模型 u.x>::i&  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ,]\L\V  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. "detDB   
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光源 ^.aFns{wv  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 e82SG8#]  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 v8W.84e-  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 zBtlkBPu  
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视网膜的散射 oP;"`^_  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _>+!&_h  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 C?m2R(RF  
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脚本 "7}bU_":s  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： :_V9Jw
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ~(bY-6z  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 uNSaw['0j  
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分析 ?!TFoD2'  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 $2uk;&"?A=  
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脚本代码 )tYu3*'  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 0T,uH  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY ~+DPq|-O  
Dim op As T_OPERATION X)7_@,7  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL EMy>X  
Dim A As Double #C^)W/dP  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1%Hc/N-  
Dim eID As Long Nl/^ga  
Dim parID As Long tSibzl~  
Dim count As Integer TLu
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Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double p1tqwV  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double rSu+z
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Dim curv As Double, conic As Double y buKwZFC  
Dim ok As Long 4^uQB(}Z  
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Sub Main vYl2_\,Y?  
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    '用户输入对话框 PU8>.9x  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 NJ]AxFG  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 zm>^
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 U]Y</>xGI  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 o6bT.{8\  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 EKu%I~eM  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 7:/gO~gI  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 |k.%e4  
    End Dialog CcCcuxtR  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Ymvd3>_  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) f4'WT
  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 2WO5Af%  
        Print "Execution cancelled." lKdd3W"o  
        End
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    End If =D~>$Y  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty &&PXWR!%]  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then njxfBA:  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation gN@|lHbU  
    Else "ov270:  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) sP:nTpTsC  
    End If gwGw  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then zgNzdO/B  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TJ_Wz
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    Else s$gR;su)g  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) )JrG`CvdU  
    End If ;kDUQw  
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    Print " " -I?8\  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" =h\unQ1T  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" p>N8g#G  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;rRV=$y  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Z% DJ{!Hnh  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens "wy2u~  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1*GL;W~ix*  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens m'zve%G  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens \ )WS^KR%  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness r2*8.j51  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ZsNZ3;d@u(  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation UgLFU#  
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    '************************************************************************* Zg%tN#6y  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) KKq%'y)u^  
    '************************************************************************* k|,Y_h0Y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) fK^W6)uuV  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity P;`Awp?  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }Y^o("c(  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z G@KDRv  
    count = 0 G^sx/H76J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I7wR[&L885  
        GetOperation eID, count, op IH&0>a  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then PJ)l{c  
            DeleteOperation eID,count b"aF-,M>  
            count=count-1 qSGM6kb  
        End If Pr:\zI  
        count=count+1 KL6B!B{;  
    Wend mlxtey6H3  
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    'Set new shift in :>iN#)S  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" iZLy#5(St  
    op.val1 = taq t`="2$NO  
    op.parent = parID ;\v&4+3S  
    AddOperation eID, op xL*J9&~iG  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ;mYZ@g%e  
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    '************************************************************************* }N}Js*  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens h% KEg667  
    '************************************************************************* *u-$$@|y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) zYP6m3n  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $KQ q~|  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant \WBO(,]V  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Dw/vXyZ  
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    '************************************************************************* z#Fel/L`O  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens P z~jW):E  
    '************************************************************************* pSbtm74  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) x|yJCs>  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic < =~=IZ)  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost eKy!Pai  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost tkH]_cH'w  
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    '************************************************************************* O\ _ro.  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }AA">FF'y4  
    '************************************************************************* E}KGZSj  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) m94PFD@N  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) n807?FORB  
    count = 0 1)^\R(l  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ZG0^O"B0  
        GetOperation eID, count, op bZ1*
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `kJ)E;v;3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?_FL 'G  
            count=count-1 Pn^`_  
        End If `u}_O(A1pA  
        count=count+1 5
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    Wend :A zlls  
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    'Set new z-shift JH{/0x#+  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" VsJ+-IHm  
    op.val1 = tlens xhbN=L  
    op.parent = parID nhdZC@~E0  
    AddOperation eID, op O-HS)g$2  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens \#(1IC`as  
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    '************************************************************************* U+qyS|i  
    'Lens index of refraction (_|*&au J  
    '************************************************************************* C 2nmSXV  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) FJDC^@Ne  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat pJvPEKN  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ij!d-eM/b  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens COsmVQ.  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Pupil diameter 9c[X[Qc  
    '************************************************************************* Bkd$'
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) dkz% Y]  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) IK\~0L;ozE  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3s/1\m%  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ?/OF=C#  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) _]OY[&R  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }ofb]_C,  
    count = 0 )][U6
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q@~g.AMCB  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4WvW11q8U  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then T8a' 6otc  
            DeleteOperation eID,count f~T7?D0u}N  
            count=count-1 >9!J?HA  
        End If r@3-vLI!u  
        count=count+1 9 Gd6/2  
    Wend  I8?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" T4]2R  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 O3@DU#N&s  
    op.parent = parID "G [Nb:,CR  
    AddOperation eID, op ):'wxIVGI  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam llP V{  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description ).;{'8Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <4; nq~  
    GetEntity eID, entity iT :3e%  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Ob/)f)!!  
    SetEntity eID, entity BDI@h%tJb:  
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    Update BQ0?B*yqd  
    Print "DONE!" ?9()ya-TE  
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End Sub 9s^$tgH  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： G`
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters AB'+6QU9k  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm M!J7Vj?Ps  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 aDdGhB  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 rJ Jx8)M  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 _li3cXE  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 +r3)\L{U  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 >BbX:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 Ei_~K';  
DONE! -x+3nb|.  
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