[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 F]EBD8/b  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 8)L*AdDAW!  
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模型 Dnw|%6Y  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 -]srp;=i  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. LzML%J62  
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光源 /Fgw$ ^H  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 wSEWwU[  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 58 bCUh#uw  
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视网膜的散射 83%)/_&  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 vi.w8>CE  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 3ZEB  
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脚本 #>lG7Ns|4  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： d.UQW yLG  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 >NYW{(j  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 [e[<p\]  
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分析 4}+/F}TbJ5  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ktIi$v  
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脚本代码 p sL?Y  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ^8.]d~j
 
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY >
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Dim op As T_OPERATION vz.>~HBP  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q`-;AG|xF  
Dim A As Double Pj}66.  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Cj~'Lhmv'T  
Dim eID As Long [!!Q,S"  
Dim parID As Long Tg!m`9s+  
Dim count As Integer '%q$`KDb  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double /c uLc^(X  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Ym3\pRFiD  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 9$2/MT't  
Dim ok As Long CHe>OreiS  
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Sub Main ^R:cd8+?%  
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    '用户输入对话框 u\C lP#  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 >=[(^l  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 w!fE;H8w6  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 dKdj`wB  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 (Jz1vEEV  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 w.[ "p9tc  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~ 4kc/a  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 On?p
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    End Dialog /`mks1:pK  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog '&\kxNglJ  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) HDF|{  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed @nux9MX
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        Print "Execution cancelled." G K
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        End Mnscb  
    End If *s:(j
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ZzSz%z_sE  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 97}OL`y  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation m6w].-D8  
    Else ;C2K~8,  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) NuQdSj_>  
    End If N<XNTf  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then y!_C/!d  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter mWsI}2  
    Else !6*"(  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) YB2VcF.LU  
    End If B!?%O  
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    Print " " a6uJYhS~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 9po3m]|zy  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" TA4!$7b$  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation LGw$v[wb  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Y2~nBb  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens OWg(#pZk  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens <nT +$   
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens y.< m#Zzt  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %5"9</a&G  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Na]:_K5Dp  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction kY-N>E:  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation J;8IY=  
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    '************************************************************************* N
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) !xo{-@@wS  
    '************************************************************************* T?ZRiR)@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2{H@(Vgpbr  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity s;01u_  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Pg
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z RAgg:3^  
    count = 0 T[UN@^DP(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H4&lb}  
        GetOperation eID, count, op }HFN3cq;C  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,9zjFI  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 3q\,$*D.  
            count=count-1 P-yjN  
        End If iJ1"at  
        count=count+1 FQ<Ju.  
    Wend 4;yKOQD|
 
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    'Set new shift in &8Cu#^3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k@RDvn  
    op.val1 = taq $P/~rZ@M@  
    op.parent = parID YNKHN2E8  
    AddOperation eID, op }ppN k:B  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 1\ o59
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    '************************************************************************* *x@Onj  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens L*xhGoC=  
    '************************************************************************* g+vv
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) i&bA2p3+d  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic vlmB`T  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant n'n/Tu   
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant vdivq^%=a  
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    '************************************************************************* +Vb.lH[av  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens le|~BG hL  
    '************************************************************************* #+ 0M2Sa  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) V_:1EBzz  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 6m*QX+  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ey7 f9  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost w'Y7IlC  
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    '************************************************************************* P+@/O  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ?uzRhC_)!  
    '************************************************************************* S 6@u@C  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ?GKb7Oj  
    count = 0 7Wf/$vRab  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count !JHL\M>
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        GetOperation eID, count, op [M]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then UOv+T8f=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count I667Gz$j5  
            count=count-1 > kGGR  
        End If JFcLv=U  
        count=count+1 S'Q@ScJ  
    Wend Vz~{UHH6  
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    'Set new z-shift `06;   
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" uw>Ba %5  
    op.val1 = tlens u@W|gLT1  
    op.parent = parID d[@X%  
    AddOperation eID, op q<xCb%#Jl  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens cM(:xv  
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    '************************************************************************* 'nzg6^I7g  
    'Lens index of refraction h]IxXP?h[  
    '************************************************************************* zqimR#u  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Xb|:vr\v  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat LM:vsG  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 27eooY1  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat a@_4PWzF:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens e(]!GA  
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    '************************************************************************* <T` 7%$/E  
    'Pupil diameter xgwY@'GN  
    '************************************************************************* X&tF;<m^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) TH%Qhv\]  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Rvqq.I8aC  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 5bRJS70M  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens pj\u9 L_  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ep!Rf:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) h9t$Uz^N  
    count = 0 pR*VdC _mY  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |U:k,YH  
        GetOperation eID, count, op NH[kNi'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then [`ebM,W  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Z+*9#!?J  
            count=count-1 !EvAB+`jLI  
        End If u0JB\)(-/h  
        count=count+1 :y'Ah#  
    Wend W>${zVu  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5MroNr  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]i|h(>QWP  
    op.parent = parID Gt\lFQ  
    AddOperation eID, op DwM)r7<Ex  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 2Z+Wu3#  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description GA$V0YQX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) OSRp0G20k\  
    GetEntity eID, entity Y4J3-wK5  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" M,j U}yD3  
    SetEntity eID, entity +Z
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    Update 216R
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    Print "DONE!" )MtF23k)g  
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End Sub x) ,eI'mf  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： G~F b  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ` )/vq-9  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~k"=4j9  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ^7w+l @  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 F8nYV  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 @D]5civm_  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5[8xV%>;  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 us1Hu)  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ZJnYIK  
DONE! _?-E7:Sw  
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