[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 \D(6
t!Ox  
B Jp\a7`;  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 hD!W&Er  
=vLeOX  
模型 k L2(M6m  
laN:H mR8  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ;rWgt!l  
4VINu9\V  
mw%do&e  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. {aP5Mem  
IBWUXG;  
光源 z/u;afB9q  
cmF&1o3_  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $A\fm`  
]kA0C~4   
YG ,  
:iJ+ImBpK  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 @sRRcP~  
K5gh7  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 @ SaU2  
?#"rI6  
:4s{?IY
)l  
{pMbkAQ@  
视网膜的散射  f.acH]p  
)8vz4e Y  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ~
*RG|4#  
Y`jvza%  
0A\OZ^P8  
NfizX!w&  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 FWI<_KZO  
M72.  
X@KF}x's  
8P5yaS_  
脚本 oLK-~[p  
WrH7tz  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： `%}SK~<R  
d2s
Y.L  
9}4P%>_  
mne4uW
 
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 S0().2#  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 U_ n1QU  
y<(q<V#0!S  
分析 |Qo`K%8  
Ik2yIf5d  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 qYFOHu  
6lw)L  
Vm}OrFA  
脚本代码 rOd<nP^`\  
?145^ w  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 5
v6 x  
(os}s8cIh  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY Bfe#,  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ~t7?5b?*\  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Hx[YHu KL^  
Dim A As Double t}L kl(  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Qgx9JJ>  
Dim eID As Long .vsrZ_y?  
Dim parID As Long ZXV_Dc
 
Dim count As Integer 2F9Gx;}t5=  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double -|;{/ s5  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double r >bMx~a]  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double aphfzo  
Dim ok As Long Kn-
cwz5  
-7E)u  
Sub Main gDbj!(tm  
T-e'r  
    '用户输入对话框 6;s.%W  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 50r3Kl0  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 u^.7zL+  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Qj;wklq  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Fy:CG6@X  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 @@~OA>^  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N$>.V7H&  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 >g7}JI&  
    End Dialog r}351S5(  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog >h:rYEsh8V  
@qj4rt"  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) '}#=I 9=ss  
J>_|hg=  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 7<FI[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." sa8JN.B  
        End $ 9bIUJ  
    End If 2ZTz{|y  
?VCdT`6=  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty c;siMWw;  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then @bs YJ4-V  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation t~vOm   
    Else XC44]o4jx  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |2RoDW  
    End If f</'=k  
=iJ
fz  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then }%e"A4v  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter a)L\+$@*  
    Else WcRTv"4&  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) >]b>gc?3  
    End If O3ij/8f  
z =mDd  
    Print " " w:[1,rRvT  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" B%y?+4;zA  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" W5 l)m
Av  
MU_8bK9m  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 2ed4xhV  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 5e)2Jt:  
T}fH  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens WFHS8SI  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens /
hrVnki*  
\iN3/J4  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ad <z+a  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 2=R}u-@6p  
,orq&#*Wd  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ^7b[spqE  
5&Y%N(  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction h>0R!Rl8  
qH1k  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Evjvaa^  
Tt^PiaS!  
    '************************************************************************* Z"ce1cB  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }G{'Rb  
    '************************************************************************* <V`1?9c7D1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gteG*pi  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity %P3|#0yg0  
4k$i:st;  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) whH_<@!  
/-C`*P=:u  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .~3s~y*s  
    count = 0 yM_ta '^$  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %R|_o<(#MJ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op v@xbur\L  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _1>Xk_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count v8{ jE
AK  
            count=count-1 So6ZNh9  
        End If ~ShoU m[  
        count=count+1 d17RJW%A  
    Wend O {hM  
rnOg;|u8  
    'Set new shift in SRP.Mqg9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" DfPC@` k  
    op.val1 = taq Xa
,d"R~  
    op.parent = parID 4z;@1nN_8a  
    AddOperation eID, op ,0pCc<  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 / 5\gP//9K  
bUcEQGHcZ=  
    '************************************************************************* Z91{*?  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens `/e EdqT  
    '*************************************************************************
sY- ] Q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >$/<~j]  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 5YV3pFz$)  
AhyV  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant "e-RV  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant `d,v  
*ku}.n  
    '************************************************************************* eb` !  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens nO\c4#ce  
    '************************************************************************* <<SUIY@X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) $~;h}I  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic NMy+=GZu^  
Xn%ty@8  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ELvP<Ny}  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost qH=<8Iu  
Y3
 V9  
    '************************************************************************* |T;]%<O3E  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) m)1+D"z  
    '************************************************************************* prdc}~J8{  
@CB&*VoB  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) F ]x2
;N  
.%"s| D  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) W'xJh0o  
    count = 0 `w(~[`F t  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wCitQ0?  
        GetOperation eID, count, op c e\|eN[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6Trtulm  
            DeleteOperation eID,count fxOa(mt  
            count=count-1 E9bc pup  
        End If AZ7m=Q97  
        count=count+1 J$>9UCk7B  
    Wend r7zS4;b  
>qL-a*w:a  
    'Set new z-shift q}+Fm?B   
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" V4CL%i  
    op.val1 = tlens MXP3ZN'  
    op.parent = parID EpCT !e  
    AddOperation eID, op DkA@KS1Dq  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens xm*6I  
GF/!@N  
    '************************************************************************* - %'ys  
    'Lens index of refraction Hs#q 7  
    '************************************************************************* (/[wM>q:r  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) +?%LX4Y  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat cYx.<b JH  
V"u .u  
    mat.Nd = nlens .QLjaEja  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5faY{;8  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens aWk1D.  
O?OG`
{k  
    '************************************************************************* "/g\?Nce  
    'Pupil diameter \\(3gB.Gd  
    '************************************************************************* x@Ze%$'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) *Z}9S9YtN  
[9H986=  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) nl/~7({  
7H$wpn Zln  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" mhi^zHpa  
lBZhg~{  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens :YUQKy  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) gCP f1z  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) LQ{z}Ay  
    count = 0 /DxeG'O  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "eH.<&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )2&y;{]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then P^-daRb  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ,1ceNF#o
L  
            count=count-1 +2 x|j>  
        End If 
V6a+VfH  
        count=count+1 ;0JK>c ]#  
    Wend D:.1Be`Tv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" AD@-H0Y  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 *Hed^[sO  
    op.parent = parID \Pt_5.bTs[  
    AddOperation eID, op VI(2/**  
RA ER\9i  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam p;P cD  
ykBq
?Vr  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description lr~c w#h*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ATkx_1]KM-  
    GetEntity eID, entity qGhwbg  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ?L(y8b}F(  
    SetEntity eID, entity 17) `CM$<[  
a[hQ<@1O  
    Update 3x3 =ke!  
    Print "DONE!" ~0T,_N  
     bU{lV<R,  
End Sub 2E_d$nsJ  
-esq]c%3  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ",>,t_J  
MgrJ ;?L  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters GI[XcK^*w  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm +I[Hxf~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 >>R,P Ow-  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 CMviR<.  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y%@C-:
 
Set lens thickness = 3.927 k35E,?T  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 OqlP_^Zz7p  
Set pupil diameter = 4 V}po  
DONE! ;Vlt4,s)  
y#?AW`|  
_eg&j  
QQ：2987619807 dW} m44X