[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 KX{S8_  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'l2`05   
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模型 [&e}@!8O
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ^"l4  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. s@0#w*N  
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光源 -
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |XPT2eQ{  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 H"m^u6Cmy-  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 9^XT,2Wwf  
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视网膜的散射 bq]af.o*  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 cS
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 d.sxB}_O  
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脚本 }m(u oT~  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 1Sr@$+VGO  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Ub%5# <k|-  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 =T!i
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分析 Syo1Dq6z.  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 z1*8 5?  
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脚本代码 9ssTG4Sa  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. zvL;.U  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY `,3;#.[D  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Dqs{n?@n  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D<$,v(-  
Dim A As Double M|w;7P}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 4 bw8^  
Dim eID As Long @Xts}(L  
Dim parID As Long 7LbBS:@3z_  
Dim count As Integer .i) H1sD  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double BRLrD/8Le  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xrs?"]M[  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double IVjH.BzH9  
Dim ok As Long 40w,:$  
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Sub Main iimTr_TEt  
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    '用户输入对话框 )v !GiZ"7  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 9w9[0BX#  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ph qx<N@  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '_N~PoV  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 JK))Cuh  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 o$)pJ#";F  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 9)9p<(b$  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 {OtD+%  
    End Dialog ;x^WPYEj  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog CoO..  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) XHKiz2Pc1  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed FrT.<3  
        Print "Execution cancelled."  2.)xWCG  
        End n;+CV~  
    End If TwJiYXHw?  

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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty $a.fQ<,\X  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ,j E'd'$  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation }tJR
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    Else (cAWT,  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) RdaAS{>Sk  
    End If Hz~?"ts@;  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then &B?TX.  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter @`
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    Else HEh,Cf7`'  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) @D1}).  
    End If goBl~fqy0  
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    Print " " u-qwG/$E  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" mWEaUi)Zz  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b* (~8JxZ  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation }9=X*'BO  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 0>{&8:  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens W;L<zFFbU)  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens E&>3{uZI  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens v<0\+}T1R  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 'C[{cr.`  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness zy8Z68%E`*  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction zP554Gr?  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation vX?MB  
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    '************************************************************************* ]? 2xS?vd  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) y0}3s)lKv  
    '************************************************************************* U)v){g3w)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) +|0f7RB+R  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity @kh:o\  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R;d)I^@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z fl@=h[g#t  
    count = 0 }^Ymg
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count mM#[XKOC<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op W0-KFo.'  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then E^s<5BC;  
            DeleteOperation eID,count &[yW}uV<7  
            count=count-1 ,]Gi942  
        End If 9Gh:s6  
        count=count+1 J^w!?nk  
    Wend  eeMeV>  
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    'Set new shift in }R&5Ye  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" qX9x#92  
    op.val1 = taq ]S0tK  
    op.parent = parID @"h@4q/W  
    AddOperation eID, op I@/s&$H`l  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 gI T3A*x  
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    '************************************************************************* C}'Tmi  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens l@W1bS  
    '************************************************************************* aw\0\'}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) WY& [%r  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 'G)UIjl  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant pLiGky  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant eo [eN.  
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    '************************************************************************* $-w&<U$E  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Hd_W5R  
    '************************************************************************* S"<"e\\}"_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) a
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic b'O>qQ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ^]zC~LfG  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost a(#aEbN?d  
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    '************************************************************************* Lk8[fFa4  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) a%YohfsY?U  
    '************************************************************************* 'eYM;\%('  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) dCn'IM1  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ISDeLUihY  
    count = 0 U(6=;+q  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %AJTU3=0  
        GetOperation eID, count, op BG9.h!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Hx?OCGj=S*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5Tg[-tl  
            count=count-1 y#iQ  
        End If oMeI
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        count=count+1 b haYbiX?  
    Wend =\FV_4)  
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    'Set new z-shift xT8pwTO  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" o,gH*  
    op.val1 = tlens 2A(?9 R9&h  
    op.parent = parID %1Nank!Zj  
    AddOperation eID, op B,(zp#&yB  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens RQO&F$R=  
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    '************************************************************************* [X^Oxs  
    'Lens index of refraction sNHxUI  
    '************************************************************************* [k{2)g  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `|`Qrv4}  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat zI{~;`tzN  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |PxTm  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat U9(p ^  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens <x[CL,Zg7  
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    '************************************************************************* TjY-C m  
    'Pupil diameter ?2nF1>1  
    '************************************************************************* SUN!8 qFA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Ym
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 60z8U#upM  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" Nv5)A=6#AA  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens B>UF dj]-  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7'zXf)!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) W|CZA  
    count = 0 bw8[L;~%_  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count I%M"I0FV  
        GetOperation eID, count, op <c.8f;1F  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]$&N"&q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count $2w][ d1  
            count=count-1 5j~1%~,
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        End If Ohn?>qQ  
        count=count+1 %$[#/H7=W  
    Wend qAW?\*n5N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &>A<{J@VL  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]x5+v0  
    op.parent = parID ?k$'po*Eq  
    AddOperation eID, op h,zM*zA_  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 9Q>85IiT  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description s8.SEk|pB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) pD17r}%  
    GetEntity eID, entity l05'/duuJ  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" X'J!.Jj  
    SetEntity eID, entity {RC&Ub>  
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    Update * zt?y  
    Print "DONE!" e!=~f%c<N  
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End Sub jSMxba]  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： A)_HSIVi  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters  &4{!5r  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *f o>  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 B}+li1k  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 "A]#KTP  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 } 89-U  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 $X,dQ]M  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8/k"A-m  
Set pupil diameter = 4 k}]M`ad  
DONE! CUnBi?Mi  
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