[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 "le>_Ze_>|  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 <jed!x  
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模型 ~jsLqY*(+  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 vv=VRhwF  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. <mAhr  
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光源 u,6~qQczE  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 FHV-BuH5  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 4rrSb*
  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 4^URX>nx8  
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视网膜的散射 7nuU^wc  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 GI&h`X5,e  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 #_u~/jhX  
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脚本 Bi{$@n&?f  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ' MxrQ;|S  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 r3PT1'P?L  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 #Q /Arq  
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分析 q7E~+p(>(  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 z5YWt*n
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脚本代码 n<u $=H  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @!1x7%]G  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY a8UwhjFO  
Dim op As T_OPERATION |/)${*a4n
 
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~W-PD  
Dim A As Double H7DJ~z~J  
Dim pupilDiam As Double sjV!5Z  
Dim eID As Long lx7Q.su
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Dim parID As Long {.INnFGP@)  
Dim count As Integer :Cj OPl  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #NryLE!/  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double :w^Ed%>y7  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double )z28=
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Dim ok As Long m*kl  
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Sub Main N <Xq]! K-  
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    '用户输入对话框 =7m)sxj]w  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 "9Q40w\  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Fkd+pS\9g~  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 c$yk s  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 z+n,uHs  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 SR|`!  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 }WH&iES@P  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 LF& z  
    End Dialog yL-YzF2  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Yz+
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) t,+nQ9  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed z)r=+ -  
        Print "Execution cancelled." z?*w8kU&>  
        End DBr ZzA  
    End If IvtJ0  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty fy@<&U5rg  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 3!|;iJRH  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ?q{,R"  
    Else 2Tp1n8FV  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ?Yth0O6?sb  
    End If A
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then r w2arx  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter sl`s_$J  
    Else 
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 67G?K;)e  
    End If Vg>dI&O  
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    Print " " /YMj-S_b~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" tne ST.  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >\P@^ h]  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation D"2&P^-  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "AsKlKz{B  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens DN-+o
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qh|_W(`y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens YA_c N5p/@  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ?R$F)g7<  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness d\|?-hY`[  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 0uOkMuy<  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :~tAUy":_*  
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    '************************************************************************* |@ s,XS  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) K}buH\yco  
    '************************************************************************* ^6MU 0Q2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) -w}]fb2Q>  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 8hOk{xs8  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r%yvOF\>  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z [B#R94  
    count = 0 93("oBd[s(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \IV1j)I"u  
        GetOperation eID, count, op hKLCJ#
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `1$@|FgyC  
            DeleteOperation eID,count DEG[Z7Ju  
            count=count-1 nYR#  
        End If bLij7K2H  
        count=count+1 &_dt>.  
    Wend -D  
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    'Set new shift in A+ZK4]xb  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" >z{d0
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    op.val1 = taq P;=n9hgHI  
    op.parent = parID `scR*]f1+  
    AddOperation eID, op 4
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 v7BA[jQr  
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    '************************************************************************* r3&G)g=u  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Vd,jlt.t  
    '************************************************************************* =n5zM._S-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) #%iDT6  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic TN!j13,  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 42_`+Vt]d7  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant l&O
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    '************************************************************************* u]<,,  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens =9y[1t  
    '************************************************************************* b~KDP+Ri  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) bf ]f=;.+  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 2,$8icM  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost T! Y@`Ox  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 5{|7$VqPF  
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    '************************************************************************* V+* P2|  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) gp};D  
    '************************************************************************* :1cV;gJ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Qi,j+xBp  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) B8.P
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    count = 0 B6u/mo<  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count l4D+Y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ocqU=^ta  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \f]k 
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            DeleteOperation eID,count x5,++7Tz  
            count=count-1 mq aHwID  
        End If /f:dv?!km  
        count=count+1 %+@O#P  
    Wend ]e"=$2d$  
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    'Set new z-shift =e/9&993  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" WZ-s--n#  
    op.val1 = tlens Jj>?GAir  
    op.parent = parID s1MErd  
    AddOperation eID, op h;C5hU4P  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Eza`Z` ^el  
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    '************************************************************************* yQ_B)b  
    'Lens index of refraction (|[2J3ZET  
    '************************************************************************* <":;+Ng+  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) H
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    GetModelMaterial eID, mat -E^vLB)O  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ;;_,~pI?k  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 3B1XZm  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens RJL2J]*S  
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    '************************************************************************* 5m*iE*+  
    'Pupil diameter Pj#<K%Bz  
    '************************************************************************* X@$f$=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Upc+Ukw  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) X}=n:Ql'YY  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3VsW@SG7N  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens O}+.U<V  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 3*]eigi)  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) v/Py"hQ  
    count = 0 >sfRI]OG  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9%8"e>~  
        GetOperation eID, count, op B( ]M&  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J4QXz[dG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count -l`f)0{  
            count=count-1 w zYzug  
        End If 33o9Yg|J~  
        count=count+1 \.C+ue  
    Wend cQ/5
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1e(E:_t  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 t#Z-mv:(  
    op.parent = parID w&$`cD  
    AddOperation eID, op j.C`U(n}`  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam bP8Sj16q  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5A%w 8Qv  
    GetEntity eID, entity UM!ENI|  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" y-T| #  
    SetEntity eID, entity ]Uw<$!$-]s  
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    Update ?p9VO.^5  
    Print "DONE!" E%+Dl=  
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End Sub e>7]w,*|  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： l,R/Gl  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters k>F'ypm  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm E4gYemuN  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ,R'@%,/  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _wC3kAO  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 1q~+E\x  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 tkVbo.[8K  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 \,7f6:  
Set pupil diameter = 4 >NqYyW,%  
DONE! {kp-h2I,  
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