[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 J?)vsnD.H  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 h#@l'Cye  
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模型 4*&x% ~*  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 i:Pg&474f  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  ^ 'FC.  
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光源 7s;<5xc  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 FXV=D_G}  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 +L;[-]E8  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 V9-pY/v9  
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视网膜的散射 I+D`\OSL  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9Re605xQ6  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 7loCb4Hv
 
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脚本 %\_I% yF  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： $;>,  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 B h@R9O<  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Ox?LVRvxI  
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分析 ~^lQ[x  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 vF;6Y(h>  
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脚本代码 ~ i1w,;(  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W2|*:<Jt  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY $^IuE0.  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 6NbIT[LvT  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4v3
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Dim A As Double f<xF+wE  
Dim pupilDiam As Double KZ ?<&x  
Dim eID As Long kOVx]
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Dim parID As Long d`StBXG!  
Dim count As Integer  ^wb -s  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double [4kx59J3b  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double $Pzvv`f*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]O<Yr'  
Dim ok As Long J4j?rLR3p  
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Sub Main WaWT 5|A  
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    '用户输入对话框 u):z1b3*?  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 1k2Ck  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 j!mI9*hP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 < t>N(e  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 hz Vpv,|G  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 1kio.9NIp  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 H4k`wWOk  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 uP|AP  
    End Dialog VOG DD
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog TT.EQv5  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) J2aA"BhdC"  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed UbC)XiO  
        Print "Execution cancelled." |xQj2?_z*  
        End m oFK/5cJ  
    End If 
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty '9au
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then C1p |.L?m  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation &HFMF)NA  
    Else F__DPEAc_  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) s<:"rw`  
    End If LrF'Hd=O  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then @=Ly#HuUM  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter En5Bsz!  
    Else L2{tof  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Mk@_uPm  
    End If 1(q!.lPc  
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    Print " " .vG6\U7  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (d#?\  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1)u=&t,  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .4_~ku  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness gjo\gP@  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens G9E?   
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Q=e?G300#L  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens p@cPm8
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens yaR|d3ef?4  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 'd(}bYr)  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction @q^WD_k  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation d:A+s>`$M  
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    '************************************************************************* >^<qke  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ,0-  
    '************************************************************************* j{p0yuZ)<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !29 Rl`9
 
    GetCustomElement eID, entity !o*oT}6n  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ld9zOq  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z :&_@U$  
    count = 0 CZ]+B8Pl(x  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .>}we ~O  
        GetOperation eID, count, op :M=!MgD3w  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3l4k2  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @Ki`g(],P  
            count=count-1 u;=("S{"0  
        End If Bljh'Qp>C  
        count=count+1 vKaX,)P;?  
    Wend @Chj0wWZ>  
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    'Set new shift in }O o  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" It]CoAo+  
    op.val1 = taq f, ;sEV  
    op.parent = parID VLQfuh;  
    AddOperation eID, op )Xg#x:  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 7Kh+m@q.  
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    '************************************************************************* a2).Az  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q=96Ci_a  
    '************************************************************************* $]Fe9E?   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) >TL0hBaaR  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Q%t8cJL  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant hTg%T#m  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant c&'T By  
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    '************************************************************************* qPzgGbmD9  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ^[qmELW#7  
    '************************************************************************* 7&T1RB'>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 0|4XV{\qT$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic I}?fy\1A&  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost u
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    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost lW>bXC  
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    '************************************************************************* ,&l>^w/  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) '<XG@L  
    '************************************************************************* bLf }U9  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) E-!`6  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) L0uN|?}  
    count = 0 t,=khZ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count _jnH!M
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        GetOperation eID, count, op jUjQ{eT  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K3\U'bRO  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ii~~xt1  
            count=count-1 X0 %k`3  
        End If k6*2= xK~  
        count=count+1 ]1p&*xX:Bj  
    Wend r[~Km5  
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    'Set new z-shift lDAw0 C3  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" r0S"}<8O  
    op.val1 = tlens &WsDYov?  
    op.parent = parID JO1c9NyKr  
    AddOperation eID, op gbKms;:  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens QEtZ]p1H@  
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    '************************************************************************* 5GpRN  
    'Lens index of refraction (^057  
    '************************************************************************* nDaQ1  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) <$7*yV  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat xJZbax[  
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    mat.Nd = nlens "4L' 2w+  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat +KD~/}C%-  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens LI(Wu6*Y  
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    '************************************************************************* 5z#>>|1>#  
    'Pupil diameter 7?cZ9^z`w  
    '************************************************************************* ],' n!:>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) WO_cT26Y  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) [h,T.zpa  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" T
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens v>0xHQD*<M  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %.<w8ag  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) w,JB`jS)/  
    count = 0 !XgkK k  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 9I9J}&4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op g^8bY=* .  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then L42C<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count SAXjB;VH6  
            count=count-1 *crpM3fO>  
        End If }&;0:hw%  
        count=count+1 4JP01lq'\  
    Wend xae}8E  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k(hes3JV  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 l=bB,7gL  
    op.parent = parID 1>l{c  
    AddOperation eID, op blxH`O!  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam B||^sRMX  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description mVU(u_lh  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )
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    GetEntity eID, entity `^(6{p ?  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" TZPWMCN4  
    SetEntity eID, entity K3'`!Ka*  
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    Update --.:eFE/  
    Print "DONE!" Wu:vO2aw8  
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End Sub
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ;c<:"ad(  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm t'0r4&\  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 )#i]exZ  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 CI$F#j  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 5GT,:0  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 A3yVT8  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 yIqsZJj  
Set pupil diameter = 4 p;BdzV>  
DONE! BI,K?D&W-  
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