[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ,tau9>!  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 KuIkul9^%  
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模型 :DDO=
 
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 *+NGi(N  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. fdN45in=>  
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光源 2@rp<&s  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 t#a.}Jl  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 XAw2X;F%  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 zB;'
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视网膜的散射 Y=AH%Gy9)  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 &/ \O2Aw8  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 1R5Yn(  
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脚本 E%-Pyg*  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： n/ui<&(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ,O$Z,J4VL  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _cW_u?0X:  
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分析 <FCj
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 OAmES;Ck$(  
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脚本代码 AM>Yj  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. mgmWDtxN  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY pem3G5 `g=  
Dim op As T_OPERATION qFvg}}^y  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL b=6MFPbg  
Dim A As Double 5}vRo;-  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1"8Z y6t  
Dim eID As Long  f$:7A0  
Dim parID As Long s-QM6*  
Dim count As Integer {Q{lb(6Ba  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double #Tr;JAzVjG  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double o?:;8]sr!  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double -9=M9}eDF  
Dim ok As Long CBiU#h q  
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Sub Main 08<k'Oi]  
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    '用户输入对话框 4yA9Ni  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 7
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 08TaFzP81  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 b@nri5noBm  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 3MNhH  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >yV)d/  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 W&fW5af
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Ss"|1]acP  
    End Dialog [@,OG-"&  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog YQN]x}:E+4  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ?noETHz)  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed :zizca4  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ({;P#qCX  
        End (lyt"Ty  
    End If "D ts*  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 9;E%U2T7  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 9f\aoVX  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation OqfhCNAY  
    Else oso1uAOfp  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) %v?jG(o  
    End If 'Z*\1Ci  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 4*p_s8> >  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter e.)yV'%L  
    Else J8sJ~FnUj  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) d1srV`  
    End If iQ]T+}nn_  
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    Print " " ..P=D <'f  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8Pr&F  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" rh:s 7  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 8{}Pj  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness fWtb mUq  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens p`E|SNt/W  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens J[j/aDdP  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens (uuEjM$3%  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens EuKrYY]g  

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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness %fn'iKCB  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ~>}dse  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Gx(KN57D  
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    '************************************************************************* x*,q Rew  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) %
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    '************************************************************************* C|.$L<`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) bik] JIM  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ND9n1WZ&x  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  m+72C]9  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 8 7|8eU2:k  
    count = 0 z{D$~ ob  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q8}TNJsU  
        GetOperation eID, count, op %9~kA5Qj  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then  ?;ALF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count uJ|5Ve  
            count=count-1 >+A1 V[  
        End If ^td!g1"<  
        count=count+1 ]zhq.O >2{  
    Wend uNPD~TYN  
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    'Set new shift in =\Tud-1Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k2_6<v Z  
    op.val1 = taq &dZ.+#8r  
    op.parent = parID =B/s HN  
    AddOperation eID, op gNEzl
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 JL]k:i^`A  
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    '************************************************************************* Gpxb_}P  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens PoBukOv  
    '************************************************************************* A3 Rm0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) W{$+mow7S  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic FM;;x(sg  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant G +nY}c  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 6,g5To#vw  
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    '************************************************************************* Q8gdI  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens _Sk<S  
    '************************************************************************* 8eS@<[[F#  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) K;ry4/Vap  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ?Qo_ KQ%sn  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost -?%{A%'  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "u,~yxYWl  
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    '************************************************************************* 8&2gM  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) {Gb)Et]<  
    '************************************************************************* !cFE^VM_;  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gKm~cjCB`~  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) -%/,j)VKD  
    count = 0 VtPoc(o4]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count .U(SkZ`6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =DF@kR[CH"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AVevYbucB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 2)I'5
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            count=count-1 %.6?\w1e  
        End If *>&N t  
        count=count+1 9^Vx*KVrU  
    Wend d,Dg"Z  
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    'Set new z-shift )Ido|!]0d  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \'^Z_6{w  
    op.val1 = tlens o7 -h'b-  
    op.parent = parID NM.f0{:cj  
    AddOperation eID, op g9lg  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens n]ppO U|[  
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    '************************************************************************* 7q{v9xKy  
    'Lens index of refraction !,(bXa\^  
    '************************************************************************* x_H7=\pX
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) n`I jG  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat OTFu4"]M  
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    mat.Nd = nlens M:Y!k<p  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat `bi_)i6Low  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ?=@Q12R)X  
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    '************************************************************************* Q]?J%P.  
    'Pupil diameter OrH1fhh   
    '************************************************************************* kq.R(z+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) XY t8vJ  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |s3HeY+Co  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" I\4`90uBN  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Xi`U`7?D(=  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `_{'?II  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 3L!&~'.Ro  
    count = 0 ?KuJs9SM  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  [;LPeO  
        GetOperation eID, count, op OFAqP1o{$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O>):^$-K%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;eEtdoy  
            count=count-1 E~O>m8hF  
        End If xg5@;p  
        count=count+1 %Ja{IWz9L  
    Wend |(w#NE5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" EV,NJ3V  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01  F-\8f(\  
    op.parent = parID z^HlDwsbm  
    AddOperation eID, op !J?=nSu  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam G@I_6cE  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description GDQg:MgX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1#_j6Q2  
    GetEntity eID, entity OuIW|gIu0  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" mt]YY<l  
    SetEntity eID, entity L$?~TY  
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    Update ;A'1
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    Print "DONE!" \
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End Sub ZZJ"Ny.2  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： .0;k|&eBD  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters tfIBsw.  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6]A\8Ty  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 3A/MFQ#2  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 LO*a>9LI  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 >oYwzK0&  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 MP&4}De  
Set pupil diameter = 4 {"AYOc>2|  
DONE! Pw{{+PBu R  
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