[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 j(I(0Yyh  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Y|mtQE?c  
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模型 >Ch2Ep  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 }qGd*k0F0  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 
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光源 DCa=o  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 CNV^,`FX  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 l^tRy_T:-  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 i%i s<'  
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视网膜的散射 OGH,K'l  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 uQ ]ZMc  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Kl?C[  
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脚本 jc32s}/H  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： )`<&~>qp  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 lQgavP W!  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .i;?8?  
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分析 kTzO4s?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 r_8;aPL  
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脚本代码 ^;{uop"DS  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Q"!GdKM  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 6h) &h1Yd  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 9%Vy,  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL qm9=Ga5  
Dim A As Double j:8Pcx  
Dim pupilDiam As Double ([SJ6ff]&  
Dim eID As Long 'aeuL1mz  
Dim parID As Long F *U.cJ%  
Dim count As Integer A58P$#)?  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double svt3gkR0  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double }0/l48G  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ))X"bFP!3  
Dim ok As Long /nh3/[u  
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Sub Main 1=X1<@*  
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    '用户输入对话框 RA){\~@wC  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 }
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 T'Jl,)"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Gy6x.GX  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 4qd(a)NdY  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ]XX>h~0  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3:c6x kaw  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 8wkt9
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    End Dialog K|D1  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog p&2d&;Qo0  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Xe\v6gbD  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed >C5u>@%
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        Print "Execution cancelled." bq8h?Q  
        End M`* BS  
    End If cQ`0d3  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty @'P
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then S*76V"")  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation pUu<0a^  
    Else zW`a]n.  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) iJKGzHvS  
    End If Nn?$}
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then l&Y'5k_R  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter vr6YE;Rs  
    Else  Oe "%v;-  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 9.9B#?  
    End If :/"5x  
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    Print " " 0<f.r~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" _ib @<%  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" v@J[qpX  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ,.|/B^jV  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness R`Hy0;X  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 6 =G=4{q  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens aej'cbO  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]8'PLsS9<w  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens j^hLn>  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness N9rAosO*  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction fILvEf4b  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 8L6b:$Y3@C  
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    '************************************************************************* )dJx82" l  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) eYu0")  
    '************************************************************************* ^oW{N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) YJ~
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity Ua=r24fy  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) $>+g)  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z MGre_=Dm_  
    count = 0 (<e<Q~(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count (S?DKPnR  
        GetOperation eID, count, op P^<to(|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Jz P0D'  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?a1pO#{Dg  
            count=count-1 Imq-5To#  
        End If 1<*U:W $g  
        count=count+1 ~mMTfC~9  
    Wend 2. {/ls  
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    'Set new shift in f"zmNG'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k*Aee7  
    op.val1 = taq K%Bz6 ~  
    op.parent = parID ovDPnf(  
    AddOperation eID, op G!h75G20  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 :AI%{EV-L  
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    '************************************************************************* hr hj4  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens %}XyzGq{
  
    '************************************************************************* (Q8r2*L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) eg1F[~YL/  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic W,_2JqQp  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <$otBC/%  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant k1s5cg=n(  
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    '************************************************************************* ?ks.M'@  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens n+i=Ff  
    '************************************************************************* & d$X:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) *JQ*$$5  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $J&c1  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost i$<")q  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost zgH*B*)bj  
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    '************************************************************************* S kB*w'k  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) {t!7r_hj  
    '************************************************************************* BBv+*jj  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2% OAQ(  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) %H,s~IU  
    count = 0 3dolrW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 4z9lk^#"X  
        GetOperation eID, count, op rPqM&&+  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =;b3i1'U  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ' 2O@  
            count=count-1 p8?v o?^  
        End If 5Dz$_2oM3  
        count=count+1 Y:, rN  
    Wend 3
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    'Set new z-shift CH;U_b  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |r36iUHZS  
    op.val1 = tlens cO5zg<wF  
    op.parent = parID c %Cbq0+2  
    AddOperation eID, op P=\{  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens F*r)  
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    '************************************************************************* F"O\uo:3  
    'Lens index of refraction Pnm$g;`P  
    '************************************************************************* ,sL%Ykr  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) xIC@$GP  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat pRL:,q\  
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    mat.Nd = nlens x\f~Gtt7Y  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat bv b\G  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ( N};.DB1Y  
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    '************************************************************************* j%^4 1y  
    'Pupil diameter #8yo9g6  
    '************************************************************************* lG%697P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) |%mZ|,[  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) tp>YsQy]8  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder"
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens M*kE |q/K  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]+W){W=ai  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) $T^q>v2u  
    count = 0 i/1$uQ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $D#h, `  
        GetOperation eID, count, op b \ln XN  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then vZ"gCf3#?3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count wlaPE8Gc  
            count=count-1 6[c|14l  
        End If /#H P;>!n  
        count=count+1 J:Qx5;b
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    Wend tHZ"o!(S  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" fx[&"$X  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 tZz
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    op.parent = parID >(S)aug$1  
    AddOperation eID, op 10*Tk 8  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 9&AO  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description V3q`V/\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5)lcgvp  
    GetEntity eID, entity W/>a 1  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" \GxqE8  
    SetEntity eID, entity Hy&Z0W'
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    Update R^o535pozc  
    Print "DONE!" 4oiE@y&{4  
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End Sub "T5oUy&i  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： AG=PbY9  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters fI<LxU
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ;Jg$C~3tf  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 aH'fAX0bF  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 RBn/7  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 hQm=9gS  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 `v``}8tm  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 $Z#~wsw  
Set pupil diameter = 4 D5@=#/
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DONE! ~rdS#f&R2  
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