[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 7&2CLh  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 \tfhF#'  
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模型 ]GiDfYs7%  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 uDMyO<\  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. A}CpyRVCn  
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光源 KV|ywcGhT  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 +IM6 GeH  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 *oru;=D@8  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 hQLh}}B  
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视网膜的散射 h
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 i; 3qMBVY~  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 0zqTX< A  
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脚本 jAO
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： .iH#8Z  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 `L?9-)m<f  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Q)ZkUmW  

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分析 ;@I}eZ,f$  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 \ /6
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脚本代码 IP+1 :M  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. s*W)BK|+?  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 1~ZKpvu  
Dim op As T_OPERATION POvpaPAZ<  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL s\i.pd:Q  
Dim A As Double QtsyMm  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Ss{  
Dim eID As Long Eb=;D1)y]  
Dim parID As Long 3a#
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Dim count As Integer n)rF!a  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double O5p]E7/e  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double fO{E65uA  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double AAt<{  
Dim ok As Long ?#X`Eu  
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Sub Main g_w4}!|  
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    '用户输入对话框 Q{Lsr,  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 5-pz/%,  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 O[fg
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        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 DeTZl+qm1E  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 GQ
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 .o5r;KD  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 !j.jvI%e;  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _A.?:'-  
    End Dialog 20f):A6  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog /< CjBW:
 
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) (N\Zz*PLz  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed fE/8;v!
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        Print "Execution cancelled." jsvD[\P  
        End y]
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    End If #YSUPO%F  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty [\&Mo]"0  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ]-aeoa#  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation $|YIr7?R  
    Else uOrv
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        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) b
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    End If %?EOD=e=  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then TPds)osZT  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter SS;QPWRZ  
    Else 'g
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) FZ/l T-"  
    End If <nj[=C4v  
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    Print " " (K+TqJw  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Xze   
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" >1tGQ c
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation OR^Wd  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness y=\jQ6Fc  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens kI3-G~2  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens l1N{ujM  

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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens tGd<{nF%2  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens I
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness d#a  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation >UJ&noUD#:  
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    '************************************************************************* B:z-?u#B  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) ok\+$+$ju  
    '************************************************************************* gqD`1/  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gH\r# wy|  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 9rao&\eH  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2a=WT`xf?  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z *!9/`zW  
    count = 0 2c%}p0<;|?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d=qpTb;(  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RC (v#G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then hCT%1R}rKr  
            DeleteOperation eID,count u."fJ2}l0X  
            count=count-1 kM3BP& 3m1  
        End If 4Ro(r sO  
        count=count+1 R[&lk~a{=  
    Wend qqzQKN  
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    'Set new shift in Lf0Hz")  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 1wc -v@E  
    op.val1 = taq 6eDIS|/  
    op.parent = parID 6>=>Yj  
    AddOperation eID, op 4nl>&A
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 E;
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    '************************************************************************* M2@q
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 50DPzn  
    '************************************************************************* 4(aesZ8h  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) K%=n \Y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic WQ5sC[&   
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant uAvs  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant H;sQ]:.*]  
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    '************************************************************************* k@8#Byl|  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens mzT} C&hfP  
    '************************************************************************* k9Sqp:l,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (J$A  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "}OFwes
  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Oq[E\8Wn  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 4|$D.`Wu  
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    '************************************************************************* Eq8
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) `C*!de]Y%  
    '************************************************************************* $k`8Zx w  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \4j+pU  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) *c AoE l  
    count = 0 (j~V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count YjX=@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ]JD$f
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^mum5j
 
            DeleteOperation eID,count 87^ 4",  
            count=count-1 *cf"l  
        End If '.K,EM!-~h  
        count=count+1 %b{!9-n}  
    Wend q9 ;\B&  
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    'Set new z-shift !n{c#HfG  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" gPwp [  
    op.val1 = tlens ?:FotnU*p  
    op.parent = parID JG<3,>@%  
    AddOperation eID, op KB"iF}\P0  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens AfEE
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    '************************************************************************* OV/FQH;V  
    'Lens index of refraction ^97ZH)Ww  
    '************************************************************************* $McO'Bye{h  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3EZwF  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat _B1uE2j9  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Dy@\!F  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat A C^[3  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens rl^LSz  
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    '************************************************************************* |d5L Ifb(  
    'Pupil diameter (7b_g6>:  
    '************************************************************************* 3kQ^f=Wd  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) e1loI8  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 4:@|q:DR  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder"
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens GzXP  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #5C3S3e=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) H ZLOn  
    count = 0 D&r8V;G[[  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count )M N yOj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op sOxdq"E  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then m[{&xF|_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count  y:OywIi(  
            count=count-1 Hm*vKFhz  
        End If (A'q@-XQ  
        count=count+1 sYA-FO3gh  
    Wend 1:!rw,Jzl`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \.1b\\  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01
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    op.parent = parID ];d:z[\P  
    AddOperation eID, op N
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam LXC`Zq\  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description I*t)x,~3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >
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    GetEntity eID, entity +Jka:]MW!  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ]XGn2U\  
    SetEntity eID, entity 4D8yb|o  
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    Update V&oT':%q  
    Print "DONE!" IaTq4rt  
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End Sub y}-S~Ov>I  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： !-RpRRR[Co  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^1,Eo2yN  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm @*"<U]  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 <SM&VOiaOz  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 q AVfbcb  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 g} ~<!VpX  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ;k&k#>L!K  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 (bFWT_CChz  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ,c7u  
DONE! EOnp!]Y  
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