[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 JAc-5e4  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 bi[vs|  
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模型 @k~Xem%<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 "J7=3$CA  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8@Y]dzgjj  
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光源 5
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 I@7^H48\  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 gz Qc  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `A3"*,|z
 
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视网膜的散射 h@@2vs2  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 \:%e 6M  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 &0+;E-_  
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脚本 \Om.pOz  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： QI.{M$,m~  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 TW7jp  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 v&(PM{3o  
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分析 IlN9IF\9L  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Fr`"XH  
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脚本代码 T;-&3  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. d *!)wt  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY j(AN]g:  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Cd?aC  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL -iLp3m<ai  
Dim A As Double F\^9=}b_i  
Dim pupilDiam As Double XJ^dX]4  
Dim eID As Long 2"cUBFc1I  
Dim parID As Long fzT|{vG8  
Dim count As Integer wrSw>sE"  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ,qz$6oxh\  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 3WHj|ENW  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double |_xU{Pu  
Dim ok As Long p2cwW/^V  
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Sub Main 1MkQ$v7m  
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    '用户输入对话框 IH(]RHTp%  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ecfw[4B`  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 C2OBgM+  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ]q~_  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 5?9K%x'b  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dT?/9JIv  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 b*i_'k}*<g  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 o/I'Qi$v-  
    End Dialog 8vpB(VxV+  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog (v+nn1,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Tk\?$n  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed XRARgWj  
        Print "Execution cancelled." |h}/#qhR  
        End *m)
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    End If ,/*L|M/&5  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty wl2P^Pj  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then `>'%!E9G  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ;:nx6wi  
    Else 36iDiT_  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) <~s{&cL!%#  
    End If k;BXt:jDq  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then E "9`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter TC[(mf:8  
    Else LGuK@^  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Cb:}AQ=  
    End If Ilf;Q(*$>>  
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    Print " " SWwL.-+E]  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ]c/k%]o~  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 5jMI33D  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation EGJ d:>k  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness T'C^,,if  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens e"g=A=S  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens PqUjBP\  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 0o-.m  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens U0X,g(2'  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness _`|te|ccF  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5ub|r0&M  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation J]mG!#9  
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    '************************************************************************* ?F=^& v8  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) #LU<v  
    '************************************************************************* -2DvKW$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X>-|px$vy  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity Sao4MkSz[]  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t,P_&0X  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z &AUtUp kOo  
    count = 0 'DeI]IeP  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 3aX/)v.:4  
        GetOperation eID, count, op *Rx&#9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ctk~}(1#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count UA0j#  
            count=count-1
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        End If :)*+aS"  
        count=count+1 ./l^Iz&0  
    Wend m.6O%jD  
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    'Set new shift in 70Z#Ej  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" iY[+BI:  
    op.val1 = taq 6<hE]B)  
    op.parent = parID Ga$J7R  
    AddOperation eID, op dilom#2l  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 VY1&YR}Y  
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    '************************************************************************* *r90IS}A$2  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens V9:Jz Q=?`  
    '************************************************************************* '73g~T%$^*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) /}kG$~  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 1SK|4Am  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant gfr+`4H>v  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant tEam6xNf,  
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    '************************************************************************* ]_5qME#N  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens =:"wU  
    '************************************************************************* ~[@gu,Wb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) o'?[6B>oj  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic my]t[%Q{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost iwVsq_[]L  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ABaK60.O[O  
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    '************************************************************************* 6"djX47j  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) V<A$eb>6  
    '************************************************************************* rgw@  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) '>:c:Tewy  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) UTS.o#d  
    count = 0 wl.a|~-  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^:cc3wt'3[  
        GetOperation eID, count, op cp
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p}e1!q;N  
            DeleteOperation eID,count xg;I::hE7X  
            count=count-1 ZJf:a}=h  
        End If @>Bgld&vl  
        count=count+1 <p5?yF  
    Wend P _x(`H  
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    'Set new z-shift 4Q17vCC*n  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" E (.~[-K4  
    op.val1 = tlens KD* xFap  
    op.parent = parID L/c`t7  
    AddOperation eID, op w!|jL $5L  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ia#8 ^z  
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    '************************************************************************* zL!}YR@&u"  
    'Lens index of refraction IgyoBfj\d  
    '************************************************************************* <Toy8-kj  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) y2M]z:Y U  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat up!54}
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    mat.Nd = nlens [pxC3{|d$  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat BVzMgn;  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens
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    '************************************************************************* JKTn  
    'Pupil diameter ^xX1G_{  
    '************************************************************************* 8pXqgIbmb  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d+WNg2#v  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) x8!uI)#tS  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" =Cc]ugl7-  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens k+@,m\tE  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) F*-+5nJ&@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) {YK7';_E*  
    count = 0 ><xJQeW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count puAjAvIax  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;_S DW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
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            DeleteOperation eID,count Wud-(19  
            count=count-1 7{lWg x  
        End If ?mHu eX  
        count=count+1 \GPTGi5A  
    Wend 5t,X;  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" l:+$Ks  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 BG8`B'i  
    op.parent = parID /:@)De(S  
    AddOperation eID, op d7G DIYH<  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam muMd
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description BA8g[TA7K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) N u3B02D*  
    GetEntity eID, entity f^)iv ]p  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" .hRtQU  
    SetEntity eID, entity WK5B8u*<  
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    Update }5AA}=  
    Print "DONE!" LP'~7FG  
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End Sub VwKfM MI8  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： mu2|%$C;$  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters &2nICAN[  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ! u@JH`  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 2^%O%Pc  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ~^PNMZk  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [!#}#  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 5<M$ XT  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 8 ,W*)Q  
Set pupil diameter = 4 cTQ._|M  
DONE! R*?!xDJ  
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