[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 SYOND>E  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 mA
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模型 IX7<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 OQ;DqV  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. %fGS< W;  
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光源 cE '`W7&A  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 n4h@{Xg  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 {0+gPTp  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 HF" v \  
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视网膜的散射 m646|G5  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 XO~xbG7>gZ  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 X2hV)8Sk  
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脚本 "K5n|{#  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ;Y5"[C9|  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 {|c <8  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 {y0#(8-&  
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分析 )eop:!m  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 jFf2( AR  
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脚本代码 Wu(6FQ`H  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. s7e)Mt  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY -e_IDE  
Dim op As T_OPERATION uUu]JDdz  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL  s.&ewf\  
Dim A As Double Z[<rz6%cB  
Dim pupilDiam As Double gVjI1{WTK  
Dim eID As Long 0{#c  
Dim parID As Long !7"-9n  
Dim count As Integer H6X]D"Y,  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ]S4TX  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 0Po",\^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double KSU?Tg&JR  
Dim ok As Long -fIX6  
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Sub Main ":E 7#9  
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    '用户输入对话框 m,NUNd#)\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 G{ ~pA4  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 5 fY\0  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xzTTK+D@  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 A@-nn]  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 #D~atgR
 
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 @ de_|*c  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 d%VG@./xq  
    End Dialog Nv}'"V>  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 6KC.l}Y*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) <cm,U)j2  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~`)`Ip  
        Print "Execution cancelled." -jy-KC  
        End }mQ7N&cC  
    End If Qfx(+=|  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty >ly`1t1  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then T^.;yU_B?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ]Tk3@jw+b  
    Else OZ<iP  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) }PdS?[R  
    End If /T&z :st0  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then S\=j; Uem  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter b@j**O>[q)  
    Else O* `v1>  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 7ukJ\P5[&1  
    End If Y-\/Y*;cd  
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    Print " " O|j(CaF  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ))f%3_H  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 1M+o7HO.mG  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation R{Q*"sf  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness `t_S uZ`V  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Im7<\ b@  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens eaLSq  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens wz^Q,Od  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens >PdYQDyVS  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness P__JN\{9  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction L1=+x^WQ  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation xG:eS:iT  
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    '************************************************************************* ( HCB\!g  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) eF+:w:\h  
    '************************************************************************* ^Xv_y+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) LVNq@,s  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity hu}`,2  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'p<lfT  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z )p*I(y  
    count = 0 w#]> Nf  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count NAd|n+[d  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ":s1}A  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then '<! b}1w0  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Cm@e^l!  
            count=count-1 7<{g+Q~7*  
        End If X"_,#3Ko!  
        count=count+1 l&3f<e  
    Wend U9k;)fK  
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    'Set new shift in 2R9AYI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]D(!ua5|x`  
    op.val1 = taq thG;~W  
    op.parent = parID 69#mj*p@+  
    AddOperation eID, op y/U(v"'4U  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 3ZdheenK9  
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    '************************************************************************* Qtj.@CGB  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens {Up@\
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    '************************************************************************* DmDsn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) :)f/>-   
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~*:{U   
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1Rrp#E}
 
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant (-k`|X"  
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    '************************************************************************* }:JE*D|  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Yrl
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    '************************************************************************* S$9>9!1>*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) QwF\s13  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic I*,!zym  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost j1/.3\  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 80qSPitj  
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    '************************************************************************* pkWJb!  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) dnRS$$9#  
    '************************************************************************* z1wJ-l  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &T7|f!y  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Djv0]Sm^!  
    count = 0 P-B3<~*i!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 21(8/F ~{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "ecG\}R=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count o}EipTL  
            count=count-1 SePPI.n  
        End If n*%o!=  
        count=count+1  :{#%_^}k  
    Wend y2"PKBK\_  
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    'Set new z-shift <P)U Ggd  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" +rT%C&ze  
    op.val1 = tlens um/2.Sn>  
    op.parent = parID Z0o+&3a6  
    AddOperation eID, op wUUDq?!k\  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens <5Ft3sd  
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    '************************************************************************* 3Z,J&d`[  
    'Lens index of refraction bCv=Uo,+6  
    '************************************************************************* . X(^E  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) x#wkODLqi  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat }b$?t7Q)  
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    mat.Nd = nlens X5s.F%Np!  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat _e2=BE`W)  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |r5e#3w  
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    '************************************************************************* c~_nOd  
    'Pupil diameter F0yvV6;  
    '************************************************************************* M:%6$``  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) /O,>s  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) HIK"Ce  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" M%*D}s-QE  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens X#625h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (P(=6-0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) L5+X&  
    count = 0 Iq76JJuCb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count '7lHWqN<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op x,CTB  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Y]zy=8q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count NNKI+!vg  
            count=count-1 :K:oH}4oh  
        End If |2i=oX(r|  
        count=count+1 5y 9(<}z  
    Wend &U_YDUQ'L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ry$zF~[  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 {}sF?wZf  
    op.parent = parID %l4;-x<e  
    AddOperation eID, op F&tU^(7<  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam {;z{U;j  

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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Q9i&]V[`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r JvtE}x1  
    GetEntity eID, entity 3MmpB9l#H  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" _H,xnh#nZ  
    SetEntity eID, entity S.<aCN<@  
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    Update 3/aK#TjK  
    Print "DONE!" mJ_5Vt=  
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End Sub bv&#ay7  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： [~aRA'qJ{V  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters %>z4hH,  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >/]` f8^  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 p\'0m0*   
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 6#J>b[Q  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 YaBZ#$r  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 ?Iin/<y  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 "jUM}@q5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 yb-
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DONE! Jw4#u5$$Z  
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