[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 4t,zHR6W  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 P"oYC$  
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模型  {VS''Lv  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 8e]z6:}'E  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. bl$+8!~  
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光源 )3BR[*u
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 I/oIcQS!k  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 8f /T!5  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 W`w5jk'0^=  
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视网膜的散射 GS$ZvO  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 9`)w@-~~  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 _fVh%_oH1  
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脚本 S4#A#a2J  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： :5TXA  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 7xLo4  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 se<i5JsSV  
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分析 )ZS:gD  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 *%ed;>6:Q  
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脚本代码 Q\&AlV  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ?)A]q' O  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY &LCUoTzj  
Dim op As T_OPERATION wc<2Uc  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL DBj;P|L_  
Dim A As Double (hhdbf  
Dim pupilDiam As Double X";QA":  
Dim eID As Long qP7&LtU  
Dim parID As Long :0J-ek.;  
Dim count As Integer 9pVf2|5hj  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double RO
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Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double K B`1%=  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double @&~OB/7B:  
Dim ok As Long q;1VF;<"vH  
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Sub Main xWC\954  
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    '用户输入对话框 >K_$[qP3  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 XPc9z}/(e  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 J[<D/WIH  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |1_
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 tF#b&za  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 vOvxQS}dBp  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 P+*rWJ8gQ  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ]X>QLD0W  
    End Dialog k$UzBxR  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog Xa?6#
  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) !T#8N7J
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed '-nuH;r  
        Print "Execution cancelled." giPhW>  
        End 4'}_qAT  
    End If UtW"U0
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty u>3&.t@hU1  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then NE=#5?6%g7  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation fwnYzd3  
    Else Up/eV}C  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y1U"HqNl*  
    End If <6}f2^  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then bG?WB,1  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter W[1f]w3  
    Else m>Z\ rqOK  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) !7Yt`l$$z  
    End If wH(vX<W-E  
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    Print " " xu_XX#9?b  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ,#'o)O#  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" }(g+:]p-  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation @T,H.#bL  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ~ ];6hxv  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ~-`BSR  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens -}N\REXE  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 1EAVMJ  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness d_WnK{  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction wzQdKlV  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation RZ
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    '************************************************************************* Lm*LJ_+ B  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) >;'1k'  
    '************************************************************************* xe
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) N5w]2
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity uZ2v;]\Y6  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) R0YC:rAt  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z VQ,\O  
    count = 0 dV2b)p4J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count dS;|Kl[Om  
        GetOperation eID, count, op RP@idz  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TNyY60E  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y^*$PED?  
            count=count-1 ukDH@/  
        End If P
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        count=count+1 )oxP.K8q)U  
    Wend _7j/[  
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    'Set new shift in kDpZnXP  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" B=Jd%Av  
    op.val1 = taq RH'F<!p  
    op.parent = parID J*lYH]s  
    AddOperation eID, op c"
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Ff#N|L'9_  
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    '************************************************************************* e~ 78'UH  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u,SX`6%  
    '************************************************************************* E?q'|f  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X"khuyT_  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _8b>r1$  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k2tX$\E  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant CL}I:/zRB  
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    '************************************************************************* $ p1EqVu  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 08jUVHdt  
    '************************************************************************* A[$wxdc  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) qyBK\WqaP  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic F=T.*-oS3  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost VU'l~%ql  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost -JO46 #m  
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    '************************************************************************* "vRqtEBO@  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) a3 _0F@I  
    '************************************************************************* >93{=+  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) C<=p"pWw  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;o@`l$O   
    count = 0 /sC[5G%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 1H[;7@o$e  
        GetOperation eID, count, op |v'5*n9  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r|F,\fF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count L2O57rT2  
            count=count-1 rMFZ#38d  
        End If KeO
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        count=count+1 S"A
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    Wend ~u`! Gi  
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    'Set new z-shift 5'Ay@FJ:  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &+{xR79+&  
    op.val1 = tlens MmX[xk  
    op.parent = parID ziGL4c0p  
    AddOperation eID, op h=y(2xA  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens )ZU#19vr7  
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    '************************************************************************* qhf/B)  
    'Lens index of refraction td$6:)  
    '************************************************************************* EGr5xR
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) %7wzGtM]ps  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 5.HztNL  
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    mat.Nd = nlens W",jZ"7  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 61wG:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens iw;Alav"x  
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    '************************************************************************* F7Yuky  
    'Pupil diameter cW/~4.v$  
    '************************************************************************* 'u%;6'y  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ][qA@3^Tw  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &|FG#.2yw  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 8-6{MJ?F  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens F qyJ*W\1  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {73DnC~N  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 2p.+C35c=j  
    count = 0 9.}3RAB(cv  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count B>L^XGq  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ky"7 ^  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then au~gJW-  
            DeleteOperation eID,count yf>,oNIAg  
            count=count-1 o%Q'<0d  
        End If ~2;y4%K  
        count=count+1 1:V/['|*g)  
    Wend IN*Z__l8j`  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 `b$I)UUm  
    op.parent = parID fkG"72 95A  
    AddOperation eID, op .qP zd(<T7  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam wC@U/?  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description V:
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Fd0FG A&L  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9Ky,oB  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" +eat,3Ji  
    SetEntity eID, entity Ho9
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    Update }trMQ  
    Print "DONE!" A#\X-8/  
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End Sub '?[msX"aqa  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 7] H4E.(l  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters lTNkmQ  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm |MGw$  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 #6nA^K}  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 cwM0Z6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 JaTW/~ TU  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 !o7.L%S  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5 [*jfOz  
Set pupil diameter = 4 VzNH%  
DONE! qz):YHxT]n  
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QQ：2987619807 bEJZh%j!