[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 1;P\mff3Y  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 
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模型 mb/[2y<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 eC$v0Gtq  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. C'._}\nX  
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光源 lz(,;I'x  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 %-l:_A  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 s.sy7%{  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 qYiAwK$  
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视网膜的散射 <~M9nz(<  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ? ~
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 0lCd,a2:  
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脚本 xD#I&.  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： X-$td~r  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 T(UYlLe  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1K9?a;.  
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分析 3cO[t\/up  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 M3@fc,Ch  
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脚本代码 
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ""'eT
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 2Lekckgv  
Dim op As T_OPERATION G=!bM(]R~  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL wT~;tOw~  
Dim A As Double aE+$&_>ef  
Dim pupilDiam As Double bC>>^?U1m  
Dim eID As Long @\`G & VB  
Dim parID As Long ,35:Srf|  
Dim count As Integer gpK_0?%
 
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double uAS8F=9xP  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double tW.>D;8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double y2"S\%7$h  
Dim ok As Long vDeG20.?Z  
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Sub Main JJ9e{~0I  
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    '用户输入对话框 x]><}!\<&  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 2<o[@w  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 1X"H6j[w  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 <6b\i5j  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 [{p?BTs  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 H"GE\  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 RQS:h]?:l  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 mGpkM?Y"  
    End Dialog VWA-?%r  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog lDPRn~[#\  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) a
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed zNr_W[  
        Print "Execution cancelled." =PKt09b
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        End wdcryejCkr  
    End If N 1f~K.e\  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ?fa,[r|G  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _ U8OIXN  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation gv
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    Else o(X90X  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) :Bv&)RK  
    End If ]i,
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then oY2?W  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter K!-&Zv  
    Else Fe&n,  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) OZC/+"\,  
    End If X\p`pw$  
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    Print " " uU[[[LQq  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" tU)r[2H2  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" *@G(3 n  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K+7yUF8XP  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness g=oeS%>E  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens nd
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Ic{'H2~4,  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens @wB'3q}(  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens m
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *3F /Ft5  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Wp7@  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation CFkW@\]  
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    '************************************************************************* VeD+U~ d  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) nv_m!JG7  
    '************************************************************************* zO).<xIq+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" )
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity `b^#quz  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~.4W,QLuD  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z x  tYV"  
    count = 0 'XP>} m  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,Ou1!`6?t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op U+9-li  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]uStn   
            DeleteOperation eID,count qL%.5OCn(  
            count=count-1 "LP, TC  
        End If M!&_qj&N,  
        count=count+1 nCffBc  
    Wend +K$5tT6b  
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    'Set new shift in vB{;N  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" up+.@h{  
    op.val1 = taq /`4v"f0V  
    op.parent = parID ~{1/*&P  
    AddOperation eID, op C}(<PNT  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 G!!-+n<  
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    '************************************************************************* XI@6a9Uk  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens e'k;
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    '************************************************************************* 1EC-e|M.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Qm35{^p+  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _S9rF-9G]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ^MWEfPt  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant m0xJ05Zx  
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    '************************************************************************* ?o(ZTlT  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens pgz:F#>  
    '************************************************************************* w|!YoMk+o  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) b"ol\&1 #  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic P[Y{LKAbb  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 86;+r'3p.  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost m%e^&N#%6r  
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    '************************************************************************* qy7hkq.uX  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) bc3|;O  
    '************************************************************************* H$NP1^5!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1KeJd&e  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) J-t=1  
    count = 0 wb(*7 &eP:  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count A|p@\3P*A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op c&E*KfOG  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l 8O"w&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *A~($ZtL  
            count=count-1 i&A{L}eCr:  
        End If 2x-'>i_|g  
        count=count+1 l?3vNa FeR  
    Wend :[y]p7;{f  
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    'Set new z-shift HBt|}uZ?6i  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?ada>"~GR_  
    op.val1 = tlens 6@"Vqm|HD  
    op.parent = parID lTa1pp Zw  
    AddOperation eID, op R(M}0JRm  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Hnfvo*6d.e  
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    '************************************************************************* GwgFi@itN  
    'Lens index of refraction _oQtk^fp  
    '************************************************************************* [Xxw]C6\>(  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) #^5a\XJb  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat <'r0r/0g?  
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    mat.Nd = nlens B1|
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ?cqicN.+6  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens AyE%0KmraK  
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    '************************************************************************* U8 Z~Y}29  
    'Pupil diameter 4 hL`=[AB  
    '************************************************************************* 6P0y-%[Gk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) TFBYY{Y  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) nVz5V%a!\q  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" /)sDnJ1r  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens q $t&|{  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) TcR=GR*cJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /m97CC#+  
    count = 0 ZrFr`L5F;  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count y:qx5Mi  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 1v;'d1Hg
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4BHtR017r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j%#?m2J}  
            count=count-1 +#0~:&!
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        End If 7;^((.]ln  
        count=count+1 .6\T`6H=a  
    Wend J cP~-cp  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Kp8fh-4_  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 AnRlH  
    op.parent = parID -oU@D  
    AddOperation eID, op E^7C _JP  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Y [4vRzc  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description -UJ?L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b2G2cL-(  
    GetEntity eID, entity Ud$Q0m&  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ~D*b3K8X  
    SetEntity eID, entity X2i*iW<  
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    Update ,g%o  
    Print "DONE!" p=2zS.  
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End Sub Sc$gnUYD{  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 7LG+$LEz  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~ W@
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Gv;;!
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =PV/`I_h  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 h(_P
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 "t=UX -3  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 n|6?J_{<b>  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 #h
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Set pupil diameter = 4 L1rwIOgq^  
DONE! <3lUV7!  
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