[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Ms%C:KG  
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模型 ZWB3R  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 `B3YP1  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8y?q)y9h  
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光源 & )-fC  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 p .~5k  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 `RqV\ 6G+  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 W,t`DMC  
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视网膜的散射 [Fd[(  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 &b19s=Z,  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 1eS@ihkP  
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脚本 g*%o%Lv  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： AeW_W0j  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 <2w41QZX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 %BkPkQA  
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分析 `9G1Bd8k  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 w 1O)  
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脚本代码 +]#pm9  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. RLF]Wa,  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY $Mqw)X&q  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 'n!Sco)C  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 2{-'`lfM%  
Dim A As Double !~f!O"n)3r  
Dim pupilDiam As Double tp+H]H3  
Dim eID As Long 4--[.j*W  
Dim parID As Long fh}j)*K8  
Dim count As Integer OQsF$%*  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double AkV8}>G?#A  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^:m7Qd?Z[  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 2-u9%  
Dim ok As Long d-$/C| J  
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Sub Main B#x.4~YX  
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    '用户输入对话框 _WHGd&u  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 G9a6
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 |1"n\4$  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 kT4Tb%7KM  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 l=t$XWh!  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 M!b"c4|<  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8u#2M8.5E  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 dy2<b+
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    End Dialog [5Pin>]z  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog g%f6D%d)A  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) [NIaWI,>
 
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Ln5g"g8gb%  
        Print "Execution cancelled." *Nh[T-y(s  
        End SW_jTn#x  
    End If S-KHot ?  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty "~/O>.p  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then )*n2,n  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation <;nhb  
    Else yMbg1+:   
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) nf9NJ_8}4H  
    End If c0u1L@tj  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ua>YI  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter M[7$cfp-Y~  
    Else Y|96K2BR  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) jz72~+)T  
    End If P+t`Rw  
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    Print " " rc+}KO  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" wW+@3bPl  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" &)v}oHy,m  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation vX
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    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Doc_rQYku  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens RYuR&0_{  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens n(tx'&U"R  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens k]9v${Ke  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !omf>CW;ud  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness jM!Q 04(  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction )7s(]~z  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]XhX aoqL  
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    '************************************************************************* p]erk  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 'sT7t&v~  
    '************************************************************************* &Y3r'"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {IA3`y~  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ap|$8G  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0S71&I$u]  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z vkE a[7  
    count = 0 5Sv;a(}  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WCUaXvw  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Q.Xs%{B  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then j9^V)\6)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ;G|#i?JJ  
            count=count-1 yHYK,3/C,  
        End If h1REL^!c  
        count=count+1 >PmnR>x-rj  
    Wend ALXie86
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    'Set new shift in KIXp+Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^bG91"0A  
    op.val1 = taq $@^*lUw  
    op.parent = parID g?E8zf `  
    AddOperation eID, op @ q:S]YB  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~KP@wD~  
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    '************************************************************************* X([p0W 9V(  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Ci(c`1av  
    '************************************************************************* IC6r?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ^aR^M\38  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic  BDfJ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant x|`BF%e/v  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant r&3EM[*Iw  
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    '************************************************************************* ZgA+$}U)uW  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens s a{x.2/o}  
    '************************************************************************* 7A"v:e  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) i62GZeE  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic lsA?|4`mn  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ;u;_\k<qK  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9 iV_  
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    '************************************************************************* U(/8dCyyY  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) U%)-_ *`z  
    '************************************************************************* =A{s,UP  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Qo\?(EM  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) L@"&s#~=3  
    count = 0 *I.eCMDa  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 46U*70  
        GetOperation eID, count, op LK+67Y{25  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then |eI!wgQx  
            DeleteOperation eID,count MSE0z!t  
            count=count-1 XaF;IS@A  
        End If 0K4A0s_R`  
        count=count+1 w@WPp0mny  
    Wend Yk0/f|>O  
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    'Set new z-shift MdhD "Q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 6TDa#k5v  
    op.val1 = tlens <:4b4Nl  
    op.parent = parID C#n.hgo>I  
    AddOperation eID, op '| p"HbJ  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens a66Ns7Rb  
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    '************************************************************************* t:"%d9
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    'Lens index of refraction [>KnMi=o)  
    '************************************************************************* =q}Z2 OoYh  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ^hcK&  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat %bS1$ v\n  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Clb7=@f  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 57KrDxE}  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens o8Yq3N+  
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    '************************************************************************* Qb|@DMq%  
    'Pupil diameter k$GtzjN
 
    '************************************************************************* 
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) D$+g5u)  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) U/-k'6=M  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 45k.U$<|  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens -]t>'Q?  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h>F"GR?U_(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) EQ.K+d*K][  
    count = 0 a$\Bt_  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count R90#T6^  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 4'TssRot@h  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 9h/Hy aN  
            DeleteOperation eID,count gVrfZ&XF84  
            count=count-1 h_]*|[g  
        End If Ri\\Yb  
        count=count+1 'uF75C  
    Wend SLRF\mh!L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" eV~"T2!Sb  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 yy+:x/(N[  
    op.parent = parID Km,%p@`m  
    AddOperation eID, op M2\c0^R  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam B*t1Y<>x  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description m>
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) GG"6O_  
    GetEntity eID, entity ZtmaV27s/  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D"
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    SetEntity eID, entity }1%%`  
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    Update b 0qA  
    Print "DONE!" RB6Q>3g  
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End Sub ahQY-%>  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： hiEYIx  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ^!x! F  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3y,2RernK  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 m'N8[ o|h  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 )
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 i"xV=.  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 R>]7l!3^1  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 |f/Uzd ~  
Set pupil diameter = 4 y/:%S2za>  
DONE! bWSc&/9y  
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