[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 S?nNZW\6[  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ;%rs{XO9  
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模型 ZU|V+yT  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 1!;"bHpk  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. S0.- >"L  
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光源 #>E3'5b   
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 @}&,W N%  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 [I++>4  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 !X\sQNp  
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视网膜的散射 PtRj9TT  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 xS H6n  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 S<y>Y  
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脚本
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Y'<uZl^aX  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 `eMrP`  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 KD,^*FkkL  
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分析 [0%yJH  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 <?>I\  
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脚本代码 X\b}jo^96  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. l#2r.q^$|  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY aWHd}%  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ;1{iF2jZ:  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~h>rskJ_  
Dim A As Double EFa{O`_@U  
Dim pupilDiam As Double RlI W&y  
Dim eID As Long P;)2*:--)  
Dim parID As Long S\! a"0$  
Dim count As Integer LCo1{wi  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double LKK{j,g7  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ]Wy^VcqX  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double oTq%wi6 _  
Dim ok As Long bGGeg%7  
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Sub Main ALE808;|  
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    '用户输入对话框 oJlN.Q#u&  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 pTa'
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 {Ior.(D>Y  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 !XgQJ7y_Z  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 U=haXx4N  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 DH
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 8eOl@}bV  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 k1^V?O  
    End Dialog >VRo|o<D  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ]uBT &  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) bajC-5R1k  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~hS .\h  
        Print "Execution cancelled." uHfhRc9  
        End 3q'K5} _  
    End If $x;tSJ)m~  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty gzl%5`DBw  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then z7'n, [  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation |RHO+J  
    Else =1gDjF9|  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) UlK/x"JDv  
    End If xT{TVHdU  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Y h^WTysBn  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter PRMZfYc  
    Else fswZM\@  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) @;||peU  
    End If h=X7,2/<  
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    Print " " >=4sPF)  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5|yZEwq  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" b0r,h)R  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation <$"7~i/X  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness b2a'KczV  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Sv.KI{;v$  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 08`f7[JQo]  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens vad|Rpl  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %0NLRfp  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 8r2XGR  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ].LJt['%8  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation kBrvl^D{5  
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    '************************************************************************* aLV~|$:2  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) w(aUEWYL  
    '************************************************************************* *hV4[=  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .8-PB*vb  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 0 9tikj1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7}gA0fP9  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z [`q.A`Fd  
    count = 0 BeAk21xb  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h!QjpzQe  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3 Q@9S  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then AlUJ1^o)  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 8^i\Y;6  
            count=count-1 Mk<m6E$L  
        End If JFe4/ V  
        count=count+1 OE6#
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    Wend  1U  
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    'Set new shift in 6s'[{Ov  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" [S%J*sz~  
    op.val1 = taq &.hoCPo$  
    op.parent = parID &/HoSj>HS  
    AddOperation eID, op 'wa g |-
  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d"Bo8`_  
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    '************************************************************************* 0xv\D0  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens
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    '************************************************************************* n>n"{!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) bH_I7G&m  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ,dOMW+{  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 6F,/w:  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant !`Le`c  
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    '************************************************************************* f7.m=lbe  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ZH% we  
    '************************************************************************* Dp^95V@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) |%-YuD  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic cFw3Iw"JJ  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost t~q?lT  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost QJQJR/g  
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    '************************************************************************* kw3+>{\  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) rj}(muM,R  
    '************************************************************************* FbmsN)mv!%  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,|A{!j`  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) wBLsz/  
    count = 0 ;e2
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ("b*? : B  
        GetOperation eID, count, op V>
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Zct!/u9 Q  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Y^yG/F  
            count=count-1 L -YNz0A  
        End If IOX:yxj  
        count=count+1 0Lx3]"v  
    Wend %oR>Uo  
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    'Set new z-shift sx:Hv1d  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 3Mur*tj#  
    op.val1 = tlens @\!ww/QT  
    op.parent = parID RU7!U mf  
    AddOperation eID, op J,9%%S8/C  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens X'jr|s^s  
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    '************************************************************************* fw
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    'Lens index of refraction v:?o3 S  
    '************************************************************************* &lU
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    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Hl/7(FJqc>  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat {79qtq%W{  
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    mat.Nd = nlens sSz%V[XWL  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 4 ]sCr+
 
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens brfKd]i  
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    '************************************************************************* YQ+^  
    'Pupil diameter YroNpu]s  
    '************************************************************************* jx'
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) !:dL~n  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,2ME2@OP  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" h mds(lv7  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens EQ/^&  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) oE6|Zw  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) bb}?h]a  
    count = 0 `On3/gU|  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 5tMh/]IeS  
        GetOperation eID, count, op m9woredS,  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then CIEJql?`  
            DeleteOperation eID,count KXq_K:r?  
            count=count-1 =&N$
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        End If ydB$4ZB3[  
        count=count+1 `\ R{5TU  
    Wend 8<{;=m8cQ  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 'g~@"9'oe  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 2uEhOi0I  
    op.parent = parID >(OYK}ZN  
    AddOperation eID, op \q,s?`+B  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam -,|ha>r  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description c_Tzyh7l4  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Qm; BUG]  
    GetEntity eID, entity JN|VPvjE  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >T QZk4$  
    SetEntity eID, entity rd">JEK;
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    Update +aj^Cs1$  
    Print "DONE!" rFfy#
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End Sub uOre,AQR  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 1AT'S;`  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters n]v7V&mj\  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm wFb@1ae\  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 fnWsm4  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 J.W Ho c  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 drIK(u\_  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 +
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Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7`dY1.rq  
Set pupil diameter = 4 l])Q.m  
DONE! kW
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