[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 )<f4F!?,A  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 4TTrHs  
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模型 gBO,  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 cMrO@=b;  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. lCgzQZ  
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光源 1G6 \}El95  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 |2=@8_am  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 6<9}>Wkf  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 5NC77}^.  
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视网膜的散射 4x<H=CJC  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 0y t36Du  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 JS/ChoU  
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脚本 ]R>NmjAI  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： vQp'bRR  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 NMfHrYHbh  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 J<0d"'  
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分析 kI9I{ &J&  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 !H@HgJ -  
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脚本代码 +ue1+#  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. JV@G9PT  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY maDWV&Db  
Dim op As T_OPERATION -.y1]4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ,}]v7DD  
Dim A As Double DQ3L=  
Dim pupilDiam As Double vK@UK"m  
Dim eID As Long 9) ,|h  
Dim parID As Long Ynvf;qs  
Dim count As Integer NA/`LaJ  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double (&Jo. <  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double T*SLM"x  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double W6}>iB  
Dim ok As Long 1<1+nGO  
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Sub Main 3N-pND0>p  
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    '用户输入对话框 I<CrEL<5}~  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 %cg| KB"l  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 PuREqa\_[  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 :H3/+/x  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 A-:k4] {%P  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ky"FL  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Z#Kf%x.  
    End Dialog 
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog ohqThl  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) y]+5Y.Cw$  

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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed wEM=Tr/h  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ]b;m~|9  
        End &K60n6q{aQ  
    End If ,3 /o7'  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ObEz0Rj  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then *l{epum;  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 7`;f<QNo  
    Else 0&|0l>wy.  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) j\IdB:}j  
    End If 3~tu\TH6d  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then FMeBsI9pL  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter jw=PeT|  
    Else o zn&>k  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ceE]^X;p  
    End If ltgtD k  
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    Print " " y`buY+5l  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" O7VEyQqf5  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ').)0;  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation .7^(~&5N  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness  #O}}pF  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens *PnO$q@`  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens  &Q~W{.  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens WM ?a1j  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens *"8Ls0!  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ( ~5M{Xh  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 1Y'4 g3T  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }p
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    '************************************************************************* >[|N%9\  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) '^_u5Y]  
    '************************************************************************* NgGMsE\C}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !="q"X/*  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity -Y/i h(I^  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f(m,!  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~< bpdI0  
    count = 0 WZNq!K H  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Cr7Zi>sd<!  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !Rl|o^Vw>{  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then zg<-%r'$  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Q p>b  
            count=count-1 wL?Up>fr  
        End If ja_8n["z  
        count=count+1 %Gh5!e:$SI  
    Wend nL:&G'd  
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    'Set new shift in Kt_oo[ey{  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" mgjJNzclL  
    op.val1 = taq
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    op.parent = parID sh$-}1 ;  
    AddOperation eID, op
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ?N<My&E  
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    '************************************************************************* 2@zduL'do_  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /]TNEU,K  
    '************************************************************************* ]u_j6y!  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" )  l!|c_  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic !'jq.RawP  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant LW]fme<V?  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant '9V/w[mI  
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    '************************************************************************* dM-cQo:  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens | ;tH?E  
    '************************************************************************* r<+C,h;aww  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) (gBKC]zvz3  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic S:_Ms{S  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ii)#(b:V  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost hC:'L9Y  
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    '************************************************************************* Ap dXsL  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) n N<N~  
    '************************************************************************* q
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) JY0aE  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]nTeTW  
    count = 0 h&<"jCjL
 
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count MgJ6{xzz  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then NfgXOLthM  
            DeleteOperation eID,count r6m^~Wq!}  
            count=count-1 F(G..XJQ  
        End If &uNec(c  
        count=count+1 T`bYidA  
    Wend ?*fa5=ql  
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    'Set new z-shift }T?X6LA$I8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" G$<(>"Yr~$  
    op.val1 = tlens mk>; 3m*  
    op.parent = parID AjVC{\Ik  
    AddOperation eID, op CY1WT  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens E=sh^Q(A  
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    '************************************************************************* Mg2+H+C~:  
    'Lens index of refraction !m@cTB7i   
    '************************************************************************* 8 1,N92T5  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G]K1X"W?  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat iiPVqU%  
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    mat.Nd = nlens jRK}H*uem  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat E'AR.!  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens Y+?QHtZL  
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    '************************************************************************* w 3t,S3!  
    'Pupil diameter dAI^P/y%  
    '************************************************************************* }je<^]a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) /UCBoQ$/]  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) noZbsI4  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" W{6QvQD8  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 'n &p5%  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) t>bzo6cj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) iQG!-.aX  
    count = 0 x93@[B*%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count VI! \+A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op P3oYk_oW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then PQHztS"  
            DeleteOperation eID,count GkAd"<B  
            count=count-1 c1H.v^Y5  
        End If o|xf2k  
        count=count+1 k[Em~>m  
    Wend CmU@8-1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" K9<8FSn  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 9jal D X  
    op.parent = parID m<gdyY  
    AddOperation eID, op *p{p.%Qs:  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam l)u%`Hcn  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zEQ]5>mG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^twyy9VR  
    GetEntity eID, entity 9ihg[k  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ql?w6qFs]  
    SetEntity eID, entity <a R  
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    Update q!z?Tn#!jd  
    Print "DONE!" 1mFH7A($  
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End Sub 0|GYtnd  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： t>[QW`EeP  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters <&eJIz=  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ~kc#
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 !'$*Z(  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 =ejcP&-V/  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 H I9/  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 cW3'057  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 XpAJP++  
Set pupil diameter = 4 |!oC7!+0^  
DONE! {4+/0\  
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QQ：2987619807 -@AhJY.