[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 h 3&:"*A2  
CnH R&`  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 qM0MSwvC=  
Lvq]SzOw  
模型 4m*(D5Y=|  
)ta5y7np  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 u-_$?'l;~  
k)py\  
C=IH
#E=  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. }gW/heUE  
_kHpM:;.  
光源 6bcrPf}  
kPH^X}O$  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 tZ^;{sM  
Q/c WV  
3kCbD=yF  
7]%il[  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 (NdgF+'=  
>!1f`  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 G)hH?_U#T  
+ca296^  
NE3wui1 V  

prN(V1O  
视网膜的散射 xbC8Amo;8"  
wW8 6rB  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 CLEG'bZa,  
k8e"5 he  
&ZN'Ey?  
~8t}*oV   
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 @/~k8M/  
]B3FTqR{i  
AvE^ F1  
4~A#^5J  
脚本 82za4u$q#  
N&APq
T  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Czr4 -#2  
u)`|q_y+8  
`u~  
s2?,'es  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 +){a[@S@x  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 i @9Qb  
V`,[=u?c  
分析
v^W?o}W  
]ZGvRA&  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 9/daRq$  
NzAtdcwR  
rtL
9cw5  
脚本代码 Mc7<[a  
*{dD'9Bg  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. QP5:M!O<)  
h2|vB+W-  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY V,XP&,no\j  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 7lDaok  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL KPjqw{gR_R  
Dim A As Double e0N=2i?I#z  
Dim pupilDiam As Double nUud?F^_  
Dim eID As Long _c9 WWp?  
Dim parID As Long  TXD^Do5^  
Dim count As Integer im\YL<  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ?X_0Iy}1  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double :*P___S=  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double x-V' 0-#U>  
Dim ok As Long y>7VxX0xi  
NkA6Cp[Q,1  
Sub Main %<=vbL9  
(#-=y~%  
    '用户输入对话框 z<[.MH`ln  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 0(9I\j5`TT  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ;%rs{XO9  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 bm tJU3Rm  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 -wtTq ph'  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 C`)^~C_]`3  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 cB|Cy{%
 
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 tLXn?aNY  
    End Dialog
t|#NMRz  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog il
IV}8  
/md Q(Dm  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) yo?g"vbE  
+2V%'{:  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 1(:b{Bl  
        Print "Execution cancelled." dWW-tHv#  
        End 9!O+Ryy?\  
    End If o}mhy`}  
kol,Qs  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty kKxL04  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then VRd:2uDS  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 0i`v:Lq%  
    Else >uyeI&z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 5&n988gC8  
    End If (EOec5qXU  
l${Hgn+  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then de=5=>P7  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter K4?t' dd]  
    Else Imh2~rw;  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) }j5R@I6P  
    End If |i}+t  
I*+LJy;j
 
    Print " " H#kAm!H
 
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" u:Af
HZ  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" m0%iw1OsH%  
[Q7->Wo|S:  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Eo7 _v  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness VeNNsg>&  
%S >xSqX  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _:ZFCDO  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens v|4STR  
u n?
j  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens *c~'0|r  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens F1?CqN M  
z^ aCQ3E  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ~J:$gu~`  
-A~;MGY  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction SQdzEF  
wc6 E-rB  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 7~!I2DV_  
zx\.2<K
 
    '************************************************************************* dT0^-XSY  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) o ;[C(OS  
    '************************************************************************* vCy.CN$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n
R,Qm=;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity wE,=%?"  
.KT 7le<Zm  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) T=eT^?v  
S 0R8'Y  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z mC*W2#1pF  
    count = 0 %K&+~CJE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7.7Cluh5,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op SE-!|WR  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then lF;ziF  
            DeleteOperation eID,count tl{]gz  
            count=count-1 yM(_P0  
        End If ;x!,g5q"q  
        count=count+1 l1-4n*fU  
    Wend U7nsMD  
~=`f]IL  
    'Set new shift in T!m42EvIvE  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~I8v5 H  
    op.val1 = taq [5]R?bQ0q{  
    op.parent = parID ?dp-}3/G  
    AddOperation eID, op w$D
G=!  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Qv&T E3  
c^
ixdk  
    '************************************************************************* hrJ$%U  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 96.IuwL*.s  
    '************************************************************************* _N>wzkJ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) [b7it2`dl  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #t"9TP  
/`7 IK  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant T5K-gz7A  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant #@nZ4=/z  
L/qZ ;{  
    '************************************************************************* RtW4n:c  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens QT`fix{  
    '************************************************************************* Nbgp_:{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) H"Q(2I  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 06PhrPVa!\  
S9OxI$6Y  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost qJ\X~5{  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost iP~sft6  
I?f"<5[0  
    '************************************************************************* 1zdYBb6;j  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) CMC?R,d  
    '************************************************************************* tH-gaDj_  
mcvDxjk,h  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) NY~ dM\  
!Bag}|#  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) zSEr4^Dk4  
    count = 0 kFS0i%Sr  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count o:Ln._bj  
        GetOperation eID, count, op G i$  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 48lzOG  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {&u Rd?(  
            count=count-1 0w^jls  
        End If t@X M /=d  
        count=count+1 iYkRo>3!QX  
    Wend 'g. :MQ8  
x*:n4FZ7b  
    'Set new z-shift 8&i;hZm  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" CKJAZ2  
    op.val1 = tlens i:g{{Uuv  
    op.parent = parID AdDQWJ^r  
    AddOperation eID, op 6!*K/2:O  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #X4LLS]VV  
#]"/{Z  
    '************************************************************************* #1MKEfv(~  
    'Lens index of refraction A3xbT\xdg  
    '************************************************************************* {PL,VY)Z  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) QyTh!QM~`  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat mG X\wta  
C=8H)Ef,l  
    mat.Nd = nlens O2C6V>Q;  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat MY&<)|v\  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens
wbBE@RU>!  
TV? ^c?{5  
    '************************************************************************* OE6#
YT  
    'Pupil diameter  1U  
    '************************************************************************* ,A
k ^nX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) =1O?jrl~q  
~H
s=z$  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) &.hoCPo$  
v<j2L"bj  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" "@(58nk
  
O!o <P5X^  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens sb'lZFSP~s  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -P2 @mx%  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ^<!Ia  
    count = 0 H%FM  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count miPmpu!  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Q<dba12  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then FZeP<Ban  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9wzwY[{  
            count=count-1 ) 9xX  
        End If
%t q&  
        count=count+1 /GyEVCc  
    Wend av)?>J~;  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" hUBF/4s\  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 _<XgC\4O|  
    op.parent = parID ej<`CQ  
    AddOperation eID, op |l$ u<3  

-W9gH  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam )mj<{Td`  
L,6MF,vx  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Ny]lvgu9X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) a"k'm}hVY$  
    GetEntity eID, entity Trpgx  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" nVNs][  
    SetEntity eID, entity s~=g*99H  
J, r Xx:  
    Update ]/a g*F  
    Print "DONE!" }H5/3be  
     TKd6MZhT  
End Sub _nP)uU$  
{b[
tA, >  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ,^HS`!s[ E  
yYg   
Accommodation = 4 Diopters .3(;9};  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm #.o0mguU  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 \d:h$  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 x+K gc[r  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 b22LT52  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 %TDXF_.[  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 2?*||c==*  
Set pupil diameter = 4 BK*z 4m  
DONE! wz h.$?~  
72u db^  
\<=IMa0  
QQ：2987619807 U[bgu#P;