[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 f"7O "6  
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模型 g
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 &qpr*17T  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. +/,icA}PI  
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光源 FuI73  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 )[0T16  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 @1*ohdHH  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 g?-lk5  
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视网膜的散射 )*4fzo  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 'YNT8w/3  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 T,| 1g6  
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脚本 w"R:\@ F  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： ^G6RjJxqp8  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 iD<(b`S  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 &f&z_WU  
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分析 rn<PR*  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 gx%|Pgd  
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脚本代码 eImn+_ N3  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. #dM9pc jh  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY K)J(./  
Dim op As T_OPERATION =$]uoA  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL >nzdnF_&zW  
Dim A As Double !?|Th5e  
Dim pupilDiam As Double {mAU3x  
Dim eID As Long o7|eMe?<t  
Dim parID As Long % LJs  
Dim count As Integer 5}`_x+$%(`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double lV%N  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ,_Z+8  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double OoWyPdC+P  
Dim ok As Long iezO9`  
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Sub Main EVoEszR  
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    '用户输入对话框 =Q.^c.sw  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 s0PrbL%_`  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 je!-J8{  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 v8y1b%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 >Q(3*d >  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 I :vs;-  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 >uSy  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 KQ~i<1&j  
    End Dialog K

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    Dim dlg As UserDialog u
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) y~FV2$  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed uuQ(&  
        Print "Execution cancelled." ;cQ6g` bM\  
        End @7B$Yy#  
    End If Z4lO?S5%J  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty rnF/H=I/  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then <kCU@SK
 
        A = 0           'Default accommodation U-|N
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    Else Z:*76PP,  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) R00eisd  
    End If 1&-
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then -YCOP0  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter -:na:Vsi  
    Else 6b:tyQ  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 49vcoHlf  
    End If -q*i_r:,  
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    Print " " <>8WQn,K  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 9o+)?1\  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" MgY0q?.S=  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation 'hs2RSq  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness TTKs3iTXz  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens PBp^|t]E>  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens lMBLIB
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens HbxL:~:}J  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens %;rHrDP(>  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness u4/kR  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction D`$hPYK|_  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation +>r/0b  
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    '************************************************************************* BYMi6wts  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) i~{Ufi  
    '************************************************************************* |%' nVxc4r  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 3yB!M  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity "\3B^ e,  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) GhIK
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 9T*v9d  
    count = 0 HlH64w2^R  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %y@Hh=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op {qN 5MsY  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~1>.A(,=z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count U15H@h  
            count=count-1 :>Ay^{vf=  
        End If w.\&9]P3~  
        count=count+1 D?NbW @]  
    Wend LILQ\I<<'  
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    'Set new shift in :(M(>4t  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" vy\RcP  
    op.val1 = taq "-+\R}q$  
    op.parent = parID T-U}QM_e  
    AddOperation eID, op _t^{a]/H  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 oyYR-
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    '************************************************************************* Yi$vg  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *U P@9D  
    '************************************************************************* ' <@3i[M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 7G/1VeVjB  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic $3s@}vLd  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant \uaJ@{Vug  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant % a@>_  
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    '************************************************************************* USM4r!x  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens K*X_FJ  
    '************************************************************************* 0 g?z&?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ?'KL11@R  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic d~JKH&x<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost \cUC9/ b  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost T
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    '************************************************************************* $>u*}X9  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) yL2o}ZbS  
    '************************************************************************* Jc|6&  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \uza=e  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ,Q HU_jt  
    count = 0 vJ-q*qM1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count +i@y@<l:+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d;>#Sxf  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3< 2}V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 'gTbA?+@5  
            count=count-1 2-C!jAfd  
        End If --|Wh^i>?  
        count=count+1 
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    Wend h3z{(-~y  
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    'Set new z-shift w[IE
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" S&b*rA02zp  
    op.val1 = tlens Q=/</|  
    op.parent = parID zhpt%7So  
    AddOperation eID, op o!{w"K  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens |ayVjqJ*  
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    '************************************************************************* {:]9Q Tq  
    'Lens index of refraction LRb{hUt=  
    '************************************************************************* s0k`p<q  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) @M5#S7q";  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat I~Zh@d%  
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    mat.Nd = nlens y6[IfcN  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat *Of4o  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens X@LRsg  
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    '************************************************************************* ~,5gUl?Il  
    'Pupil diameter }DK7'K  
    '************************************************************************* -1UD0(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 6u7?dG'4  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Z^IPZF  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ]2\VweV  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ),ma_{$N  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }7 c[Q($K  
    count = 0 |(q9"  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Y<Fz)dQo  
        GetOperation eID, count, op A#95&kJpy  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8_tK4Pw
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            DeleteOperation eID,count #R.-KUW:  
            count=count-1 ( 8c9 /7h  
        End If kT'u1q$3Vo  
        count=count+1 Gq }U|Z  
    Wend ;o0&`b?  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" s#tZg  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 !=:$lzS^  
    op.parent = parID TG+VEL |T  
    AddOperation eID, op k+8q{5>A<  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam < 
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description zOa_X~!@  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x*nSHb  
    GetEntity eID, entity OC<5E121>Y  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Hr]h Jc  
    SetEntity eID, entity *Ie7{EhJ'  
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    Update ?Vdia:  
    Print "DONE!" o)2W`i&  
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End Sub ,]cD  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： -cSP_1  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters pn.T~"%  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm *?Kr*]dnLl  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 :E@3Vl#U  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 OI0;BBZ  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 ],J
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 |Clut~G  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 =<X?sj5  
Set pupil diameter = 4 eQD)$d_5  
DONE! isZAoYVu  
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