[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 $Xo_C_:B  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 )e:u 6]  
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模型 Dadl
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 i
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. >sE{c>R%  
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光源 (%EhkTb  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 <P1sK/IZb  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 }<kpvd+ps=  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 7w{>bYP  
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视网膜的散射 eu|cQ^>  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 M7;P)da  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Yl#r9TM  
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脚本 =F5(k(Ds  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Fh4kd>1D  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 |%R}!O<.c  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 kN*,3)T;}  
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分析 A~6:eappH  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~P85Or  
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脚本代码 "$*&bC#dE  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. $Aw"?&d"  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY +KV`+zic+  
Dim op As T_OPERATION {f\/2k3  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ?[}r& f  
Dim A As Double <T[wZ[l  
Dim pupilDiam As Double $]eITyC`P  
Dim eID As Long B6&;nU>;  
Dim parID As Long B`xrdtW  
Dim count As Integer ^-9g_5  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ruG5~dm>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double \s8j*  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double tk@ T-;  
Dim ok As Long _h2axXFhT  
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Sub Main j>(O1z7  
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    '用户输入对话框 0HA`  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 |^^'GZ%a  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 TzT(aWP"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 5J^S-K^r  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 < `r+ZyM  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 d|!FI/  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 N,
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Fy^=LrH=D  
    End Dialog {2EIvKu3:  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 2 5DXJb^:  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ALVHKL2  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed h\#\hx  
        Print "Execution cancelled." >YwvM=b"V  
        End @kCFc
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    End If %l4LX~-:  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ?6;9r[ p  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then w\o?p.drp=  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation +{(f@,&~{  
    Else F<K;tt  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) lxIoP  
    End If zq1je2DB  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,Jm2|WKH  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter \$.8iTr@  
    Else OPVF)@"ptM  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) {t<E*5N]a  
    End If By&T59  
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    Print " " F xek#  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" e :(7$jo  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" pZo:\n5o  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation lyY\P6 X  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 77KB-l2  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 00jWs@K  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens  GtR!a  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ,sw
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens SlU?,)J}  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness sIUhk7Cd8  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ]Sj<1tx7f  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation bSa%?laS  
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    '************************************************************************* 6pJFrWe{  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens)  |2<y  
    '************************************************************************* +D7>$&BD  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |/^ KFY"  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity G>siyUh  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) JRti2Mu  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z N>pTl$\4  
    count = 0 voX4A pl  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count C{{RU7iqc&  
        GetOperation eID, count, op !4.VK-a9V%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 6zbqv6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 6d7E@}<  
            count=count-1 azhilUD8  
        End If KgD sqwy  
        count=count+1 k)j6rU  
    Wend mafnkQU  
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    'Set new shift in a/wg%cWG_  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ,xSNTOJ  
    op.val1 = taq >Hr&F nh+  
    op.parent = parID 1U)U{i7j  
    AddOperation eID, op 1k)31GEQw  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 SEKR`2Zz,  
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    '************************************************************************* As{Q9o5j/  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Ez1-Nx  
    '************************************************************************* wI5(`_l{G  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 'hGUsi  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic j.]ln}b/'+  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant XWq`MwC9  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pyw]ydB  
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    '************************************************************************* wiFA3_\G  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens *P01 yW0  
    '************************************************************************* "g
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 2%?Kc]JY9  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tf3R  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost WJlJD*3  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost BT^Im=A  
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    '************************************************************************* ,Gi%D3lA  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) $x/VO\Z{-  
    '************************************************************************* 6:Hd`  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Od("tLIO}I  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) ]."t  
    count = 0 {i<L<Y(3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count M7fPaJKL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Vl^p3f[  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "8$Muwm  
            DeleteOperation eID,count `t7z LC^c  
            count=count-1 F! [Gj%~I  
        End If Dnl|B\  
        count=count+1 7](aPm8  
    Wend mIe 5{.m#  
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    'Set new z-shift tXCgRU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" g_3Ozy  
    op.val1 = tlens lqcPV) n  
    op.parent = parID 2Rqpok4  
    AddOperation eID, op <lZVEg  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Yc:>Yzj(z  
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    '************************************************************************* jL{k!V`s  
    'Lens index of refraction ok1w4#%,  
    '************************************************************************* Sa-" G`  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 3>v-,S+  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat }vb.>hy  
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    mat.Nd = nlens mhMTn*9  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat GP(nb,  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 58t_j
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    '************************************************************************* N(kSE^skOa  
    'Pupil diameter A6I^`0/  
    '************************************************************************* z
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 3F8KF`*  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !ir%Pz^)  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens QuBA'4ht  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6st^-L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) R_=fH\c;  
    count = 0 ?^ R"a##  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vW0U~(XlN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I%jlM0ZUI"  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H~?7:K  
            DeleteOperation eID,count h05BZrE  
            count=count-1 @,{Qa!A>l  
        End If Ri3*au/
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        count=count+1 yb-4[C:i  
    Wend T5-Yqz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .7+"KP:  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Z6
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    op.parent = parID g77:92  
    AddOperation eID, op <r)5jf  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam g)}q3-<AK>  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description %NcBq3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ] I5&'#%2  
    GetEntity eID, entity z%nplG'~|  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" LlD=c  
    SetEntity eID, entity K."W/A!  
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    Update +fHqGZ]  
    Print "DONE!" &w{z  
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End Sub s6DPb_,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： +.v+Opp,  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters w6ck wn,  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 0S\HO<~k  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 PB#EU9  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 \SBAk h  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 qykI[4  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 QrLXAK\5  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 zpy&\#Vc  
Set pupil diameter = 4 eI@G B  
DONE! WHr:M/qD  
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