[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 b;cdIl!3  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 GJtZ&H  
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模型 Vc2A  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 b#hDHSdZ,  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. _PlKhv}  
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光源 f'VX Y-  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 I.94v #r  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 I^8"{J.Q)[  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 3T!lA  
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视网膜的散射 TG+VEL |T  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 yX0dbW~@y  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 R5 9S@MsuD  
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脚本 /S(zff[at  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： HO}Hh[{V9  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 pD01,5/  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 2U:H545]]  
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分析 S4h:|jLUF  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 x>*Drm 7  
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脚本代码 ^,;z|f'%*  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. t7?Zxq  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY isZAoYVu  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 846$x$G4  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q"<acqK  
Dim A As Double n>^Y$yy}!  
Dim pupilDiam As Double r.>].~}4  
Dim eID As Long cgm~>  
Dim parID As Long (s7;^)}zx  
Dim count As Integer R%qGPO5Z\c  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double \e'R@  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double C~N/A73gF  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double "Za>ZRR  
Dim ok As Long MF'$~gxo  
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Sub Main 0\@dYPa&C  
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    '用户输入对话框 OQ>x5?um  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 #&m0WI1  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ]&i.b+^  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ;ml)l~~YU  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 u a~CEs  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 MV\|e1B}  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 3plzHz,x
 
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 p Wt) A  
    End Dialog k-HCeZ  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog vt;{9\Y
  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) OV%Q3$15  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed &*7?)eI!i  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Sk:ws&D1u  
        End y7$iOR  
    End If z6?)3'  

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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty g|<]B$yN#  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then _jNj-)RB_  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation |/2y-[
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    Else %ix)8+Eb  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) }p!HT6 tZ  
    End If )~+e`q  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then mXUGe:e8  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Tjl:|F8  
    Else BvR-K\rx  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) '{J&M|<A  
    End If {iv<w8CU)  
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    Print " " Pj4/xX  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 2Ri{bWi  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" H]$)Eg%6  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation n[]tXrhU  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness FRS>KO=3  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Wt=|  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens EC\yzH*X  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ooV3gj4  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ;}1xn3THCn  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness h-m\%|D  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction raCi 8  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Z0*ljT5|  
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    '************************************************************************* {O,{c\  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }j^\(2  
    '************************************************************************* a9T@$:  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Wa1, p  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity `"@g8PWe  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) xritonG/F  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z A5H3%o(6k  
    count = 0 h?f>X"*|(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count svuq gSn  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Pf_S[ sm  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Cxcr/9  
            DeleteOperation eID,count /MF!GM  
            count=count-1 (&P9+Tl  
        End If ]a!xUg!S  
        count=count+1 PZm:T+5H  
    Wend `KCh*i  
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    'Set new shift in V%_4%  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Hw|AA?,0-  
    op.val1 = taq {XWZ<OjG  
    op.parent = parID g(Io/hyj  
    AddOperation eID, op ZWm8*}3]7_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 A)
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    '************************************************************************* 0V{(Ru.O  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens d~?X/sJ t  
    '************************************************************************* vNeCpf  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) t2V0lyeL  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic `zR+tbm  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant hxf'5uc
 
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    '************************************************************************* g >'p>}t  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens -PnyZ2'Z  
    '************************************************************************* 7-~Q5Kr.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) +dPL>R  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /%I7Vc  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Qf|U0  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost H%1$,]F  
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    '************************************************************************* c=[O `/f  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 37q@rDm2  
    '************************************************************************* Rm5Kkzd0o  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) VN'Wq7>6  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) S#b-awk  
    count = 0 o%4G
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k;EPpr-{  
        GetOperation eID, count, op enTW0U}  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then O Lc}_  
            DeleteOperation eID,count DS2)@  
            count=count-1 pCu!l#J  
        End If $x#FgD(iI  
        count=count+1 m$LVCB  
    Wend KT.?Xp:z  
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    'Set new z-shift @O}7XRJ_8  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ;oNhEB:F  
    op.val1 = tlens v6GsoQmA   
    op.parent = parID JTqq0OD}  
    AddOperation eID, op EQe5JFR  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 1 Vy,&[c~"  
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    '************************************************************************* Dw2Q 'E  
    'Lens index of refraction /_\#zC[  
    '************************************************************************* P0i V<T4^  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ZCVl5R(mZ  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat SMf+qiM-E  
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    mat.Nd = nlens ,SScf98,j  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat +y#T?!jQYj  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens @cq`:_.[  
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    '************************************************************************* .la&P,j_L  
    'Pupil diameter AY SSa 1}  
    '************************************************************************* +zkm(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) y\F=ui  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) >~\w+^2f8  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" S:8OQI  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens }E}8_8T6  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -Z^4L  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) "Jy
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    count = 0 [<wbbvXR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count =C f(B<u  
        GetOperation eID, count, op O{k
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eX2<}'W<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count [B0K  
            count=count-1 15zrrU~D  
        End If !RlC~^ -  
        count=count+1 cUK\x2  
    Wend Ae?e 7
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" fA^7^0![  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 2N~E' 25  
    op.parent = parID n~Szf  
    AddOperation eID, op W3Ulewa  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Y'Z+, CNf  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description {$^SP7qV#>  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fw{,bJ(U  
    GetEntity eID, entity y~F<9;$=  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" TK>{qxt:=  
    SetEntity eID, entity %HSl)zEo>C  
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    Update .}9FEn 8  
    Print "DONE!" }r2[!gGd%|  
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End Sub GJ}.\EaAJ  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： 2[dIOb4b  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters $Kq<W{H3ut  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ,.g}W~S)  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 agaq`^[(P  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 C>*n9l[M~  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 M^H90GN)X  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 E'%lxr  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 7aQcP  
Set pupil diameter = 4 p\U*;'hv  
DONE! >;i\v7  
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