[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 bd]9kRq1K  
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模型 v%:VV*MxF  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 i/j53towe  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. HS[($  
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光源 Hz\@#  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 B (Ps/  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 1U% /~  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 GLgf%A`5/_  
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视网膜的散射 q.p.$)  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Z:dp/M}  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 MB!9tju  
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脚本 R*:>h8  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： < Hkq  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 $c9-Q+pZ  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 "|h%Uy?XY  
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分析 5?lc%,-&  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 tO&ffZP8$  
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脚本代码 .E<nQWz8  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. H_X^)\oJ  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY J#zr50@@  
Dim op As T_OPERATION LWyr  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL N% 4"9K  
Dim A As Double >#w;67he2  
Dim pupilDiam As Double !R=@Nr>  
Dim eID As Long {drc}BL_  
Dim parID As Long Ho>Np&  
Dim count As Integer W6&vyOc  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double }(oeNPM8  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double t:2v`uk  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double f#\YX tR,k  
Dim ok As Long K]hp-QK<  
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Sub Main U[@y8yN6M  
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    '用户输入对话框 .UG`pRC  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -QrC>3xZR  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 <s9?9^!!V^  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 `POzwYh  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 +(W1x C0  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 U ? +_\  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 DN*5q9.  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 UFG_ZoD+  
    End Dialog {KG6#/%;  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog q,vWu(.  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) s6!6Oqh  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed an"&'D}U  
        Print "Execution cancelled." *m~-8_ >;  
        End X@rA2);6  
    End If TSlB.pw%v  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4:`D3  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ghk=` !yKw  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation IS2cU'  
    Else ,/42^|=Z6O  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 9R50,lsE  
    End If EB~]6.1  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then WYw#mSp  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter >|$]=e,Z  
    Else m
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) c-a,__c?hx  
    End If `o[l%I\Q  
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    Print " "  I//=C6  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" i"^>sk  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" <ql,@*Y  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation rE3dHJN;  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness *g/klK  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens D(!^$9e9b  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ~b f\fPm  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens BOs/:ZbK0W  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens MdHm%Vx  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Gt w>R  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction |=?#Xb
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :|S zD4Ag  
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    '************************************************************************* I6>J.6luF9  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) $#Pxf  
    '************************************************************************* x9_mlZ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) uqMw-f/  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity U7r8FLl  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5xQ-f  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z xoaO=7\io  
    count = 0 @<.@X*#I  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,g*!NK_:5t  
        GetOperation eID, count, op \br!77  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &V"o
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            DeleteOperation eID,count _Nx /<isdL  
            count=count-1 =2Y;)wrF  
        End If l$42MRi/  
        count=count+1 Dl,QCZeM  
    Wend %y1!'R:ZW  
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    'Set new shift in hHs/Qtq  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -yqsJGY
 
    op.val1 = taq 7T~M`$h  
    op.parent = parID f:c'j`  
    AddOperation eID, op F:{*4b  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 k+<945kC  
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    '************************************************************************* g: i5%1  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens >lI7]hbIs  
    '************************************************************************* U|^xr~q!f-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) OM*_%UF  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic #c"eff  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant FDHW'OP4
 
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9shfy4?k  
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    '************************************************************************* 12$0-@U  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens _)A|JC!jId  
    '************************************************************************* ~9X^3.nI  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) q z)2a2C  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |,8z"g  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost .`or^`X3  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost d2\!tJm  
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    '************************************************************************* }Zhe%M=}G  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) TlG>)Z@/  
    '************************************************************************* J<)qw  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9&mSF0q  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) N0`
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    count = 0 R@e'=z[%1  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count H]TdW;ZbZ  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @gUp9ZwtH  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2YD\KXDo  
            DeleteOperation eID,count V<ESjK8  
            count=count-1 b3(*/KgK  
        End If <_?zln:4.  
        count=count+1 c*USA eP  
    Wend XS<>0YM  
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    'Set new z-shift rd <m:r  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" d;i|s[6ds`  
    op.val1 = tlens 0K!3Ny9(  
    op.parent = parID &@=Jm /5  
    AddOperation eID, op *$p*'vR  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens J^!;$Hkd  
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    '************************************************************************* {UiSa'TR1b  
    'Lens index of refraction | dQ>
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    '************************************************************************* ep>!jMhJa  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) >.:+|Br`  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat MK< y$B{}  
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    mat.Nd = nlens d^=BXCoC  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat >P6"-x,["  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 2.qPMqH  
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    '************************************************************************* A(Ct^/x-  
    'Pupil diameter
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    '************************************************************************* Mf5
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 1{uxpYAP=  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) # :+Nr  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" !j~wAdHk  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens '|yx
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ,BdObx  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) }U]jy  
    count = 0 ,05PYBc3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count d_[H|H9i6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op =vThtl/azD  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )"x6V""Rb  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 5Ds[?  
            count=count-1 p.8bX  
        End If U32$9"  
        count=count+1 q~`hn(S  
    Wend ]3r}>/2(  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" V 6}5^W  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 y6 (L=$+B  
    op.parent = parID 44CZl{
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    AddOperation eID, op ?<Qbp;WBo  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ~M~DH-aX   
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description aIgexi,  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) }i9:k kfq2  
    GetEntity eID, entity N2:Hdu:  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" >N&{DJmD  
    SetEntity eID, entity 1$cl "d`~  
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    Update j26i+Z  
    Print "DONE!" u%-]-:c  
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End Sub n"iS[uj,  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： gUiO66#x  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters  9qX$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm [^!SkQ  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 ~EtGR # N  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ]*dYX=6  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 z|s(D<*w  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 pPL=(9d  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 # epP~J_f  
Set pupil diameter = 4 fW= N  
DONE! .0dGS  
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