[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 N=#4L
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 y?>#t^  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 DF'8GF&Rp  

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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. FSU<Y1|XM  
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光源 8Y#bN*!  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ,d|vP)SS  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 )r9b:c\  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 [Uli>/%JB  
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视网膜的散射
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 bC~~5Cm  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 5h8o4  
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脚本 Fk1.iRVzi  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： SMoz:J*Q(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 7 ({=*  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ++8_fgM  
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分析 Y)XvlfJ,h?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ~ y;y(4<  
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脚本代码 ^bUxLa[.  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Y ?'tUV  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY !e3YnlE  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ?znSx}t  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 4;KWG}~[o  
Dim A As Double ZPO|<uR  
Dim pupilDiam As Double @Bs0Avj.  
Dim eID As Long u3ZCT" !  
Dim parID As Long $/_qE  
Dim count As Integer "tu*YNP\Q  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double &~-~5B|3"  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ^#e~g/  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double op7FZHs  
Dim ok As Long }/e`v6  
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Sub Main H4<Nnd\   
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    '用户输入对话框 Qw)9r{f  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 K:r\{#9  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ~ 3T,&?r  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 |(% u}V?  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 kzO&
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        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ULBg{e?l8  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 A6UO0lyu  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 RuAlB*  
    End Dialog .ve *Vp
  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 4TRG.$2[  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) Xl%0/o  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed M{N(~ql  
        Print "Execution cancelled." K7`YJp`i  
        End . (`3JQ2s  
    End If Mm=Mz  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 4]XI"-M^D  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then :q+N&j'3  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation >n
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    Else 3071:W  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ;Zut@z4\  
    End If 61K"(r~  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 6*XM7'n  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Q9>U1]\  
    Else h##WA=1QZ  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) py<_HyJ  
    End If k%Vv?{g  
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    Print " " 3$p#;a:=n  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (ku5WWJ  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" ,x_Z JL  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ' UMFS  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ZX.TqvK/r  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens FY#!
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    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $Ua56Y  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens BBL485`  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens sQ1jrkm  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness FJS'G^  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction | {P|.  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation UTk r.T+2X  
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    '************************************************************************* >-cfZ9{!  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) %w"nDu2Gcv  
    '************************************************************************* >|udWd^$3  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) \cySWP[  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity >1|g5  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) <+]f`c*Z  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z S`q%ypy  
    count = 0 FLr;`3  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count %5B%KCCN  
        GetOperation eID, count, op vA&Vu"}S  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,
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            DeleteOperation eID,count =xl~][  
            count=count-1 4E3g,%9u  
        End If l\Ftr_Dk  
        count=count+1 ]n v( aM?d  
    Wend Fvl`2W94;  
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    'Set new shift in ST',4Oph5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ]|Zb\{  
    op.val1 = taq "^rNr_  
    op.parent = parID H5xzD9K;/C  
    AddOperation eID, op F:T GsV#  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~L?nq@DL  
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    '************************************************************************* E_:QSy5G  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens f`P9ku#j}  
    '************************************************************************* C7qYiSv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) YD_]!HK}  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic /L~m#HxWU  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :)c80`-E  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Y7Gs7  
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    '************************************************************************* ([k7hUP  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 284zmZZ  
    '************************************************************************* $99R|^  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) A"l{?;~  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic kW-81  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost .iv3q?8.b  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost ?pwE
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    '************************************************************************* <^><3U`  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) .[j%sGdKl  
    '************************************************************************* bhg}-dto  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |4>:M\h  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) e!0OW7kV  
    count = 0 w~@[r4W  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count `ggui
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        GetOperation eID, count, op XAD3Z?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then WZ~> BM  
            DeleteOperation eID,count iuAq.$oi{  
            count=count-1 >
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        End If ElR)Gd_8  
        count=count+1 bkv/I{C>?  
    Wend `,#!C`E 9  
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    'Set new z-shift )%j"  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" +/cgw,  
    op.val1 = tlens ==9ZFdf  
    op.parent = parID L;)v&a7[P  
    AddOperation eID, op 

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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens HeS'~Z$  
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    '************************************************************************* +/N1_  
    'Lens index of refraction
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    '************************************************************************* 80&D""  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ,wK 1=7  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat J/kH%_ >Ir  
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    mat.Nd = nlens I'InZ0J2  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 14l; *  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens p":zrf'(6  
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    '************************************************************************* R^tcr)(  
    'Pupil diameter !~
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    '************************************************************************* JlIS0hnv  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 9d\N[[Vu]R  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) Zi1YZxF`Y  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ETelbj;0  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens X;]3$\F  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) b]#~39Iph  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) az bUc4M  
    count = 0 _85E=  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cx:jUsb6  
        GetOperation eID, count, op zJ_My&~  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then l $Zs~@N  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *vs~SzF$  
            count=count-1 "1%*'B^}bw  
        End If v=MzI#0L  
        count=count+1 5KaSWw/  
    Wend W-XN4:,qI  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" *1v_6<;2i<  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8Mb$+^zU  
    op.parent = parID C$y fMK,,N  
    AddOperation eID, op _z%\
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Gx|Dql  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description \S5V}!_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) O3}P07  
    GetEntity eID, entity HnK/A0jM  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 2K~tDNv7  
    SetEntity eID, entity 44|03Ty  
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    Update 4^BLSK~(  
    Print "DONE!" -W6V,+of  
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End Sub C=EhY+5  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： )w@y(;WJ  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ?e2Y`0  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ^CX,nj_(  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 /gF]s_
 
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 "mG!L$  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >:fJhF@  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 14;Av{Xt  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 GdL4|xv  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ":z@c,  
DONE! uRs9}dzv  
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