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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 XI:+EeM?  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 wy^mh.= UX  
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    模型 He$v '87]  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 D-D8La?0p  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. "!& o|!2  
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    光源 tJ* /5k &  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 $WE=u9m  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 -tx%#(?wH  
    'f0R/6h\3s  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 oGyoU#z#  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 3sRI 7g  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 {MN6JGb|'  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Bio QV47B  
    ~}/_QlX` K  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 <IBUl}|\  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 VZe'6?#  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: Q/J<$W*,  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Gm> =s  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ?!$Dr0r  
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    分析 X{[$4\di{  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Z^Wv(:Nr  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 1bDAi2 H  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. KxBvL[/  
    >I0 a$w  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY *5\'$;Rg  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION {9) HB:  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL Q'hs,t1<  
    Dim A As Double sO!m,pK(  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double * bhb=~  
    Dim eID As Long &OkPO|  
    Dim parID As Long 7VdxQ T  
    Dim count As Integer !aJ6Uf%R  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double h Z/p'  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double PBcb*7W  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double JV8*;n%}-  
    Dim ok As Long J l{My^I5  
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    Sub Main '#oH1$W]  
    #;+SAoN  
        '用户输入对话框 -G'3&L4 D  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -i_XP]b&  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 kw7E<aF!  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 )>iPx.hVSS  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 16nU`TN  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 PsS.lhj0"  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~BE=z:  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 O%aHQL%Sz  
        End Dialog r gi4>  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog B?e] Ht  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) zz<o4b R  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed CL?=j| Ea  
            Print "Execution cancelled." RMid}BRE  
            End b `}hw"f  
        End If 83aWMmA(1  
    7 9k+R9m  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty /)dyAX(  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then m,6[;  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation -D1 A  
        Else [A] +Azc  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) B1%xU?  
        End If V@EyU/VJ  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then r;>.*60AT  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;E!] /oY<  
        Else ~jz51[{v  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) uu>R)iTQ%S  
        End If ; 0M"T[c  
    9T1 - {s R  
        Print " " )wdd"*hv  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" wS >S\,LV  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" r]aI=w<(f  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ZXIz.GFy+  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness TQ%F\@"  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Bo'v!bI7  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens r029E-  
    ZqjLZ9?q  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens &]A0=h2{P*  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 'TA !JB+  
    <7gv<N6BQf  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 5dbj{r)s6i  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 5{vuN)K3  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation P{: 5i%qC  
    %&s4YD/{  
        '************************************************************************* &^Gp  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) dOKe}?}==  
        '************************************************************************* qG]0z_dPE~  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) .*J /F$  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity k/BlkjlNE  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) : JSuC  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z XK)0Mt\  
        count = 0 Pa$"c?QUy  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g8" H{u  
            GetOperation eID, count, op Y n0iu$;n  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H6/gRv@  
                DeleteOperation eID,count =j{Kxnv  
                count=count-1 jx ?"`;a  
            End If .kgt? r  
            count=count+1 QiJ  
        Wend #qK5i1<  
    E Q:6R|L  
        'Set new shift in fX>y^s?y  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" J=HN~B1  
        op.val1 = taq vskp1Wi(  
        op.parent = parID Yvu?M8aK!  
        AddOperation eID, op Nu'ox. V  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 d"Zyc(Jk  
    ?0qP6'nWx  
        '************************************************************************* .8;0O M  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens cIrc@  
        '************************************************************************* dfZ`M^NU  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 7 y$a=+D i  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U~M!T#\s  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant `}rk1rl6  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant n9-WZsc1  
    Lg|d[*;'7  
        '************************************************************************* z*9 ke  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Zq5~M bldh  
        '************************************************************************* )CgH|z:=b  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) MT$)A:"  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fVdu9 l  
    \^jRMIM==  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost a|4Q6Ycu  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost {i}E)Np  
    rj4R/{h  
        '************************************************************************* )lq+Gv[%F  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ntW1 )H'o  
        '************************************************************************* \)ZCB7|  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) MV07RjeS  
    q>5j (,6F  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) '|<S`,'#hg  
        count = 0 2.MY8}&WBu  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count i6g=fx6j*  
            GetOperation eID, count, op +oL@pp0  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8pZOgh  
                DeleteOperation eID,count {w7/M]m-  
                count=count-1 %joL}f[  
            End If xErb11  
            count=count+1 9PMIF9"   
        Wend \k^ojzJ  
    +(^H L3  
        'Set new z-shift ?0?3yD-!9  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" C2\zbC[qm  
        op.val1 = tlens y0~ttfv  
        op.parent = parID ;~'&m  
        AddOperation eID, op !Lw]aHb  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens n|KYcU#  
    G\B+bBz  
        '************************************************************************* IDL0!cF  
        'Lens index of refraction n 8 K6m(  
        '************************************************************************* 1l Cr?  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `*D"=5G+  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat 0=K8 nxdx  
    .t/@d(R  
        mat.Nd = nlens )4m`Ya,E3  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat C\B4Uu6q  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens _ElG&hyp  
    D2=zrU3Y64  
        '************************************************************************* ncUS8z  
        'Pupil diameter k[,0kP;  
        '************************************************************************* 8@RtL,[d  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) > >KCd  
    _uXb>V*8  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) e `OQ6|.k8  
    bdG@%K',  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" * ^V?u  
    1ANb=X|hig  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 't5`Ni  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) CPMGsW^  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Aa4Tq2G  
        count = 0 ?~!9\dek,  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >?rMMR+A  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 1hE{(onI  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $*T?}r>  
                DeleteOperation eID,count z^z`{B  
                count=count-1 ra>2<  
            End If xV 2C4K  
            count=count+1 Hmt2~>FI[  
        Wend =0!j"z=  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" egURRC!  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 c?u*,d) G  
        op.parent = parID X6 N&:<  
        AddOperation eID, op  >]~|Nf/i  
    ^$sq U  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 'tvuw\hhL  
    %OHZOs  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Dad$_%  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mt`CQz"_  
        GetEntity eID, entity OZnKJ<  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" [uLs M<C  
        SetEntity eID, entity q=V'pML  
    ~BX=n9  
        Update FROC/'  
        Print "DONE!" %^vT7c>  
         )>S,#_e*b  
    End Sub l{>j8Ln  
    $Ery&rX.  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ?Ve I lD  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters Dfa3&# #{  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >m. .  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 "\KBF  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 8/BMFRJ  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Zd-6_,r  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 XclTyUGoK+  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +E_yEH7_)  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 % hvK;B?Y|  
    DONE! IT&,?u%  
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    QQ:2987619807 ]L7A$sTUQ  
     
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