[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 qd(hQsfqYU  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 dtTlIhh1V  

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模型 Pux)>q] C  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ^'
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ";dU-\3M  
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光源 61:9(*4~!F  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 0N5bPb  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 @L8;VSI  
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视网膜的散射 ;)|nkI  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 JqEb;NiP)5  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 |j# ^@R  
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脚本 vZk9g
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： H:MUNc8i  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 AY;<q$8j%,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 xB,/dMdTj  
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分析 5M.Red.L  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 >~wu3q  
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脚本代码 !ew6 n I  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. D
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Gw`/.0
 
Dim op As T_OPERATION 3P`WPph  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ZQ|gt*  
Dim A As Double Z9f/-|r5  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Y{j7Q4{  
Dim eID As Long QA,*:qx  
Dim parID As Long %2YN,a4  
Dim count As Integer IywiCMjH  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double cqjl5UB  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double t)!V+Qcb  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double "u5KbJW  
Dim ok As Long xyvND  
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Sub Main ;t~*F#p(!  
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    '用户输入对话框 0}D-KvjyP  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Wt"ww~h`(  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 Q-3r}jJe  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 $)f"K  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 6N?#b66  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 hd8B0eD'  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 cB<O.
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        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ~;!BDLMC6  
    End Dialog X'xUwT|_+  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog A`IHP{aB  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) %fBP:5%K  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed m|lM.]2_  
        Print "Execution cancelled." {wHvE4F2  
        End blUY.{NN3  
    End If aj?2jU~Pq  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3hH>U%`-  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then WqR7uiCi  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation WX ,p`>n  
    Else :Jm!=U%'Z  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) '
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    End If [A|(A$jl  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then [;*\P\Xih  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ftxTX3X  
    Else y2GQN:X  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) gU~ L@R_D  
    End If (x}A_i  
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    Print " " k]t,q$Vd  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 8~;{xYN )  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" U&`6&$]  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation YXgWH'i~  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness :,jPNuOA  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens DQ%`v=  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens @51z-T  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 5QKRI)XpZ  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens d8rBu jT  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness *U:VM'a  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction aXQ&@BZ{j  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation %B[YtWqm`/  
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    '************************************************************************* 6euR'd^Qi  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 2@rp<&s  
    '************************************************************************* ~(
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) t#a.}Jl  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity wj}=@HS,3!  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ur?d6a  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~azF+}x90N  
    count = 0 zB;'
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 7We?P,A\;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 2j2mW>Z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2r %>]y  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @P*ylB}?Q  
            count=count-1 Y=AH%Gy9)  
        End If I).=v{@9V<  
        count=count+1 J>&[J!>r  
    Wend s[Y)d>~\$=  
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    'Set new shift in VEL:JsY  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \El|U#$u'  
    op.val1 = taq XPar_8I  
    op.parent = parID 3X,]=f@_  
    AddOperation eID, op eL<m.06cfY  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ~D<7W4c  
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    '************************************************************************* 98X!
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 2b; rr  
    '************************************************************************* i6-wf Gs;  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) X(4s;i  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic J@oEV=L  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant "2*G$\  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ]ev*m&O  
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    '************************************************************************* s@[C&v  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens u)<Ysx8G  
    '************************************************************************* k\sc }z8X  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Ly#h|)  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic \;nD)<)J  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost Nr>c'TH  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 1~["{u  
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    '************************************************************************* (%``EIc<8  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) |pfhrwJp  
    '************************************************************************* 6a "VCE]  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X=rc3~}f  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) $sU5=,
  
    count = 0 =gxgS<bde  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 08<k'Oi]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op i_j9/k  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 4yA9Ni  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 7
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            count=count-1 08TaFzP81  
        End If b@nri5noBm  
        count=count+1 3MNhH  
    Wend >yV)d/  
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    'Set new z-shift Ss"|1]acP  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" w.4u=e >Z4  
    op.val1 = tlens pFpQ\xc9$  
    op.parent = parID YQN]x}:E+4  
    AddOperation eID, op ,pQ'w7  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 3a'Rs{qxn  
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    '************************************************************************* Ze[g0"  
    'Lens index of refraction mQwk!* U  
    '************************************************************************* fe& t-  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) %8}WX@SB  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat _&k'j)rg  
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    mat.Nd = nlens /0B07B  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat uE,i-g0$Id  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens {AU` }*5  
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    '************************************************************************* Nz(c"3T;  
    'Pupil diameter e3yorQ][  
    '************************************************************************* )bB"12Z|8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) _aXP ;kFMi  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) {pcf;1^t  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" d-6sC@PB  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ql#{=oGDnA  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) +z
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) lfU"SSQ  
    count = 0 Z^/z  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count HMEs8.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op gmF_~"^34  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D\45l  
            DeleteOperation eID,count H{ n>KZ]\  
            count=count-1 &y#\1K  
        End If I2t-D1X  
        count=count+1 !#,-  
    Wend B|]t\(~$[  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7AGZu?1]M  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 (c
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    op.parent = parID S7?f5ux  
    AddOperation eID, op 7 SjF9x  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <'>d0:>N  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description /?.r!Cp  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) mC{!8WC@k  
    GetEntity eID, entity dyQ<UT  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" /ctaAQDUh\  
    SetEntity eID, entity qHC*$v#.V?  
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    Update Y5h)l<P>B  
    Print "DONE!" b.mjQ  
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End Sub +Y
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： {|Mxvp*Hg  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters E5Snl#Gl\0  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm =#POMK".6  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 M@!]
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Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ;9!yh\\   
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 y]E)2:B[d  
Set lens thickness = 3.927  2#$}yP~  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 T9<H%iF  
Set pupil diameter = 4 JL]k:i^`A  
DONE! uusY,Dt/9  
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