[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 c.eUlr_{  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Errs6  
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模型 hqW),^\>'  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 'o]kOp@q  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. sJ{J@/5  
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光源 /iw$\F |8  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4G3u8)b=  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ''?iJFR  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ;u*I#)7  
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视网膜的散射 ^e{]WH
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 "8iIOeY-\  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 <%N*IE"q  
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脚本 <)a7Nrc\T  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： T"/dn%21  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 %z6_,|%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 <8ih >s(C  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 F<4>g+Ag  
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脚本代码 u&Yd+');  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. '<U4D  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY *G8Z[ht%r  
Dim op As T_OPERATION &S39SV  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL /5X_gjOL,  
Dim A As Double ~t<uX "K  
Dim pupilDiam As Double VA@  
Dim eID As Long Vy6~O|68=  
Dim parID As Long sD$K<nyz  
Dim count As Integer x^Zm:Jrw~  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double D67z6jep(  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double L;=3n[^x  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ?-'GbOr!  
Dim ok As Long nG%<n  
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Sub Main _:>t$* _  
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    '用户输入对话框 deEc;IAo  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \A6}=  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 !p Q*m`Xo  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1
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        OKButton 40,91,90,21 kDG?/j90D  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 VAp 1{  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 uANpqT}!  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T^ - -:1  
    End Dialog ^iWJqpLe  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog }L @~!=q*  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) U,8mYv2|  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Rm}G4Pq  
        Print "Execution cancelled." yZ)-=H  
        End @O|`r(le  
    End If o(C;;C(
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty @ V_i%=go  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then o7^0Lo5Z?  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation lQv(5hIm  
    Else bAld'z#  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) j Y(|z*|  
    End If 7=s7dYlu  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then -XnOj2  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter nUK;M[  
    Else %~M#3Ywa  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 'wWuR@e#&  
    End If ^a$L
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    Print " " `NNP}O2  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" %r&36d'  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 2cwJ);Eg2  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Qjd]BX;  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness "bz.nE*  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens -C8LM ls  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens )@<HG$#  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens m}f{o  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens T-]UAN"O  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 6R*eJICN  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction p.H`lbVY  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation o6:@j#b  
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    '************************************************************************* ..w$p-1  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) TmK8z  
    '************************************************************************* Gyrc~m[$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) MHGaf`7ro  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity w ~^{V4V  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) %cJdVDW`L  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z )|#ExyRO  
    count = 0 O-box?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,@I\'os  
        GetOperation eID, count, op MZqHL4<|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J% ZM V  
            DeleteOperation eID,count >U?#'e{qW  
            count=count-1 +{}p(9w@  
        End If Sy<io@df  
        count=count+1 er2;1TW3E  
    Wend b<[]z,  
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    'Set new shift in tK `A_hC  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~#)9Kl7<X  
    op.val1 = taq 9$}>O]  
    op.parent = parID b@sq}8YD|z  
    AddOperation eID, op Do5{t'm3  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .y0u"@iF  
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    '************************************************************************* qk>M~,  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens c(Fo-4K  
    '************************************************************************* ]\]mwvLT  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) P7REE_<1  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic &B++ "f  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant j 20mZ  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant *Wcq'S  
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    '************************************************************************* )Y"t$Iw"  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens )i\foSbB`V  
    '************************************************************************* +ZV?yR2yn  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) )bpdj,  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic J7~Kjl  

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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost {UF|-VaG  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost =#wE*6T9  
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    '************************************************************************* @V+KL>Qw  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ;<%d^   
    '************************************************************************* 84s:cO  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &ha<pj~  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) jO`L:D/C  
    count = 0 E~8J<gE  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count KqNsCT+j  
        GetOperation eID, count, op gEq6[G  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then @[n%q.|VB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count D2io3Lo$ov  
            count=count-1 B74]hgK  
        End If ?3i<^@?  
        count=count+1 1-R4A7+3  
    Wend RhE|0N=  
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    'Set new z-shift APU~y5vG (  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -cUw}  
    op.val1 = tlens "\M3||.!  
    op.parent = parID =S\pI  
    AddOperation eID, op Hq,NOP  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 'o7V6KG  
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    '************************************************************************* %*Yb J_j7  
    'Lens index of refraction 0_t9;;y :  
    '************************************************************************* mk6>}z*  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) u0$}VO5/a  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat *O-m:M!eA  
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    mat.Nd = nlens v,US4C|^3i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 0iz\<' p  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens G@<[fO|Iam  
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    '************************************************************************* pz.fZV  
    'Pupil diameter $
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    '************************************************************************* %
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) YCyh+%Q(  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) VZ2CWE)t  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" `<% w4E  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens jW}hLjlN  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) F5
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) -?ebkHe  
    count = 0 6{ pg^K  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pa ^_s  
        GetOperation eID, count, op t\\<+^[%  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IN"6=2:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count rwAycW7  
            count=count-1 ?nf4K/IjZ!  
        End If %O>_$ 4q  
        count=count+1 )N&95\u  
    Wend m .^WSy  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" .?r}3C
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 B> zQ[e@t  
    op.parent = parID u/5)Yx+5_  
    AddOperation eID, op PxJvE*6^H  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam *,wW-8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description CW~c<,"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0Rh*SoYrC  
    GetEntity eID, entity &GI'-i  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" .kDJuJ^  
    SetEntity eID, entity 1xsB@D  
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    Update IZZ $p{  
    Print "DONE!" gE6{R+sp  
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End Sub szy2"~hm  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： KocNJ TB  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Kj|\ALI':  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm >7QC
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 DXfQy6k'  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 7:OF>**  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [<#`@Kr  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 l/bZE.GJ  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 BNbz{tbX"  
Set pupil diameter = 4 0JLQ.%_  
DONE! *BQy$dfE  
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