[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Iu;VFa  
6$csFW3R  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 m (kKUv  
n
^|7ycB'  
模型 <BBSC  
,W_".aguX  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 z}*L*Sk  
Qi9M4Yv  
k4^!"~<+0  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. /$FpceB!W  
7L]Y.7>  
光源 8lCo\T5"  
H4M`^r@)'  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 =trLL+vGw'  
#,!/Cnqis  
7Fb!;W#X  
@ "CP@^  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 t-]~^s  
N'21I$D  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 A2`Xh#o  
|~Vq"6`  
1ZWr@,\L  
d#I; e  
视网膜的散射 P4s,N|bs`  
X}&Y(kOT  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 DM(c :+K-  
}
. V!|R,  
U/\LOIs  
N_VWA.JHt  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8J2UUVA`1  
y"w`yl{_  
 '^,|8A2  
-TNb=2en(  
脚本 l?x'R("{  
l<s6Uu"  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： [*Vo`WgbD  
j3/K;U/SGJ  
!XF:.|  
j$z!kd+%  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 OX{2@+f#  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 v-B&"XGy:  
^'hh?mL  
分析 r}#,@<  
j[:Iu#VR  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |vh{Kb@  
N8
m3Wy  
s{0c.
M  
脚本代码 ?!n0N\|i]  
)Tf,G[z&ge  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _%PEv{H0.  
[nB4s+NX  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY bN>|4hS  
Dim op As T_OPERATION GbBz;ZV%z,  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL q_h/zPuH'  
Dim A As Double SD1M`PI  
Dim pupilDiam As Double JZoH -  
Dim eID As Long cGv`%  
Dim parID As Long p+xjYU4^C  
Dim count As Integer '2S?4Z  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 2zbV9Bhq  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double `4t*H>:y  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ""_%u'7t5I  
Dim ok As Long HP[M"u  
WCwM+D  
Sub Main *o#P)H  
UiN6-{v<2  
    '用户输入对话框 N7dI}ju  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 zd{\XW  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 aHSl_[  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4cJka~  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 s)7sgP  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Y86mg7[U/  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Rj])c^ZA'*  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ^wb$wtL('  
    End Dialog PsyXt5Dk  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog m4'x>Z  
}x?2txuu  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) .=/TT|eMS  
Ab:+AC5{  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed [Qn$i/`J  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Ydh+iLjhx  
        End h0zv@,u  
    End If ]Jx_bs
~g  
M IR))j;  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty
i-`J+8|d  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ]E}eM@xdD  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation
l]Q<BV  
    Else 1YvE/<6  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) {4HcecT  
    End If {7LN
QGiJ  
XjU/7Q  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then K]C@seF`  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ;hJz'&UWQ  
    Else yFjjpEpnFt  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ^(T_rEp  
    End If #;F*rJ[XY  
,O1/|Y
  
    Print " " L IRdWGQ4  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 6w4}4i  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" e>!=)6[*  
E}8wnrxf  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ExZ|_7^<  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?j@(1",=&  
w ;xbQZ|+  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens +$\/HO  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ,w$:=;i  
Z:Y_{YAD  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ]r(s02  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens &W$s-qf".  
.[C@p`DZ  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness KU*XRZu)  
lkaWwjv_D  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ,HtXD~N  
G)3Q|Vc  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation tqwAS)v=  
7~m[:Eg6[s  
    '************************************************************************* tu5T^"BqO  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) {P!1VYs5  
    '************************************************************************* u E<1PgW  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !]t5(g_  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity c,FZ{O@  
V[ 'lB.&t  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Y [%<s/  
L(t!C~3  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z nIf~ds&TT  
    count = 0 w>TTu: 7  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qcGsx2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op M992XXd  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Fb\ E39  
            DeleteOperation eID,count J)._&O$  
            count=count-1 b&2N7%  
        End If k
B-]SD#  
        count=count+1 KK, t!a  
    Wend w5* Z\t5  
~+CEek  
    'Set new shift in 8M8Odz\3 q  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \t?rHB3"  
    op.val1 = taq v?(z4oOD/>  
    op.parent = parID yz^
4TqJ  
    AddOperation eID, op tx,q=.(  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 AfvIzsT0  
AS/z1M_U  
    '************************************************************************* %Z+FX,AK  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens DLD5>  
    '************************************************************************* }j;G`mV2  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) tX~*.W:  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic _t?#
 
_@OS,A  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Hd57Iw  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ,ut7`_Fy  
;.Y-e Q,  
    '************************************************************************* o^v]d7I8b  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens l-$5CO  
    '************************************************************************* ]]XXcQ,A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) cyBm,!  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic l4*vM  
|o<c`:;kt  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost dF$&fo%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 1 RVs!;  
^X ~S}MX  
    '************************************************************************* U3~rtc*  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) QzS=oiL  
    '************************************************************************* z-_$P)[c  
qi$nG_<<Z  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) SA%uGkm:e  
m2[]`Ir^@  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) L [&|<<c  
    count = 0 )3.=)?XW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count w_#C8}2  
        GetOperation eID, count, op >!
bw8lVV  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SvQ!n4 $  
            DeleteOperation eID,count :QIf0*.O  
            count=count-1 Vp&"[rC_z  
        End If _6-N+FI  
        count=count+1 -f["1-A  
    Wend r6vI6|1  
W:hTRq  
    'Set new z-shift iX-.mq$  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" F0tcVdv  
    op.val1 = tlens M)3'\x:  
    op.parent = parID zMh`Uqid  
    AddOperation eID, op U#:N/ts*(  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens Yf_/c*t\5  
,*8)aZ1k  
    '************************************************************************* ndu$N$7+  
    'Lens index of refraction |k#EYf#Y  
    '************************************************************************* B]I*ymc#  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) SB,#y>Zv?  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat M[P1hFuna  
l ;S_J^S  
    mat.Nd = nlens EQ]>^VE2B  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat wRg[Mu,Q5  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens IV~5Y{(l  
Y>x3`f]  
    '************************************************************************* .|@2Uf  
    'Pupil diameter @H}{?-XyA  
    '************************************************************************* }U?:al/m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) m[ER~]L/C  
pnUL+UYeM  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) .E;}.X  
x>+sqFd\  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ,/Q`gRBh"  
qv[w 1;U"  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens `
>=@Kc  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) :XOjS[wBm  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) #vc!SI  
    count = 0 H(kxRPH4@]  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count lQxEiDIL  
        GetOperation eID, count, op &5*t*tI  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then =3PZGdWD  
            DeleteOperation eID,count q#K0EAgC  
            count=count-1 c3WF!~1r  
        End If ,YRBYK:  
        count=count+1
h+}{FB 29  
    Wend #<G:&  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~MP/[,j`  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 W6):IW(E  
    op.parent = parID 89t"2|9 u  
    AddOperation eID, op &~'i,v|E  
fi%lN_Ev?  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam {\X$vaF  
(a"/cH  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description =i6k[rg  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) yv: Op\;R  
    GetEntity eID, entity u+c2 m  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" KN&|&51p}  
    SetEntity eID, entity >1HXC2 Y  
uQKo2B0  
    Update ?v`24p3PC  
    Print "DONE!" kx;7/fH  
     )1 QOA  
End Sub 0IZF%`  
V."cmtf  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ;p87^:  
A@-U#UvN  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters GyVuQ51  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 'j!n   
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 s[VYd:}se  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 !_oR/)  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 >_$_fB  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 3J8M0W  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672  QB !%  
Set pupil diameter = 4 lqa~ZF*  
DONE! ,W;|K 5  
bf.yA:~U  
OLV3.~T  
QQ：2987619807 U }I#;*F