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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 VQ{.Ls2`Z  
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    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 'RIlyH~Yf  
    C+ B`A9  
    模型 O k-*xd  
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    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 l \=M'D  
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    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. mdu5aL  
    qb+vptg@I  
    光源 EUv xil  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 r5!I|E  
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Xa._  
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    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 :@6,|2b e=  
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    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ;J3az`  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 'l$<DcBj  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Zy2@1-z6  
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    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 ~%9ofXy  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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    脚本 S8+Xk= x  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: dB7E&"f  
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    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Z3=DM=V;v  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 .IYE+XzV  
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    分析 jcF/5u5e  
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 X%!#Ic]Q  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 |MvCEp  
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    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. ;pdW7  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY )K\w0sjR  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION +O:Qw[BL/Z  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL D .| h0gU  
    Dim A As Double VF=$'Bl|  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double r7sPFM  
    Dim eID As Long 67 >*AL  
    Dim parID As Long pU)wxv[~  
    Dim count As Integer .EGZv (rz&  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double uYiM~^ 0  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double z7F~;IB*u  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double *iS<]y  
    Dim ok As Long @jg*L2L6  
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    Sub Main )DuOo83n["  
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        '用户输入对话框 swuW6p  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 oUR'gc :  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 ZVEq{x1Zc  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  Aki8#  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 o6K\z+.{  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 9f;\fe  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 U$6N-q  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 #Zk6   
        End Dialog s CSrwsbhv  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog "zR+}  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) YY{S0jnhF  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed >}GtmnF  
            Print "Execution cancelled." (}vi"mCeW  
            End |2AK~t|t  
        End If B. 6gJ2c  
    ]$!-%pNv  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty g:`V:kbY$  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then WE 'afxgV  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 5Q,#Co  
        Else DzYi> E:*  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |"?0H#  
        End If a,x-akZWf  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 4*d$o=wa  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter Co&#mVY4,  
        Else 1|l'oTAA  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w`&~m:R  
        End If 9^QiFgJy  
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        Print " " xDG8C39qrs  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" o( Yfnnuy  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 3#`_t :"A  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation *cz nokq6  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness pSvRyb.K  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens <]xGd!x$  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens jI %v[]V  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens I ,8   
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens O?5uCh$H  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness KtTv0[66  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction F|pM$Kd`  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation v6=pV4k9  
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        '************************************************************************* BV)o F2b:  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) -#@l`kt  
        '************************************************************************* ? 1Os%9D*  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 1%Hc/N-  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity E,IeW {6s  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0 PEg `Wq  
    ]90BIJ]*c  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z V'b$P2 ?^  
        count = 0 }fC=  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;::]R'F[  
            GetOperation eID, count, op vq?Lej  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then h;TN$ /  
                DeleteOperation eID,count B|WM;Y^  
                count=count-1 +G: CR,Z>+  
            End If @!'rsPrI  
            count=count+1 jD}G9=[$1  
        Wend a gk w)#  
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        'Set new shift in =D~>$ Y  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" '`s+e#rs4{  
        op.val1 = taq px${ "K<  
        op.parent = parID vKO/hZBh  
        AddOperation eID, op VW`SqUl  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Q{[l1:  
    J?#Xy9dz  
        '************************************************************************* n }kn|To~  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens .Gt_~x  
        '************************************************************************* +)xjw9b  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Gf=3h4  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic zm!M'|~@7  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant h6b(FTC^  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant $GR rTC!  
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        '************************************************************************* Xp+lpVcJ  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ,njlKkFw^Z  
        '************************************************************************* mBeP" GS  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) UgL FU#  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic "Zfm4Nx "  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost R<B5<!+  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost j{j5TvsrY  
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        '************************************************************************* G@KDRv  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) Xs{PAS0  
        '************************************************************************* -2[#1S*  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ;X^#$*=Q  
    "O'c.v?{x  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) '?jsH+j+  
        count = 0 1eywnOjrj  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count P!"{-m'  
            GetOperation eID, count, op HC} vO0X4  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then cQ]c!G|a4  
                DeleteOperation eID,count oI!"F=?&6  
                count=count-1 zYP6m3 n  
            End If YKz#,  
            count=count+1 Xt:$H6 y  
        Wend 8k3y"239t  
    Zf1 uK(6X  
        'Set new z-shift 'pT13RFD  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" PZQAlO,  
        op.val1 = tlens (3K3)0fy  
        op.parent = parID =tbfBK+  
        AddOperation eID, op h (q,T$7 W  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens 8h0CG]  
    O PzudO  
        '************************************************************************* *RxJ8.G  
        'Lens index of refraction uJCp  
        '************************************************************************* .8Bu%Sf  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :'B(DzUR  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat $cK}Tl q  
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        mat.Nd = nlens `kuu}YUi  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat .hu7JM+  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens |,@D <  
    F{;#\Ob  
        '************************************************************************* T 5Zh2Q@  
        'Pupil diameter nKzm.D gt_  
        '************************************************************************* ,|d9lK`"P  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) < #ON  
    [:.wCG5  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) @]%eL  
    +HBizJ9K  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" r) x  
    w") G:K  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens #<< el;n  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h\UKm|BZ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ",3v%$ >  
        count = 0 pe vXixl  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count O\.^H/  
            GetOperation eID, count, op : c~SH/qS  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then T8a' 6otc  
                DeleteOperation eID,count V.&F%(L  
                count=count-1 S[exnZ*Y  
            End If oh< -&3Jn  
            count=count+1 gMI%!Y  
        Wend ):'wxIVGI  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?OFa Q  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ^AH[]sE_  
        op.parent = parID x|a&wC2,{  
        AddOperation eID, op G<e+sDQ2  
    Q4m> 3I  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam D+3?p  
    \W .CHSD  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description t|iN Sy3  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) d5l42^Z  
        GetEntity eID, entity #"4ioTL2  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ri{*\LV*@  
        SetEntity eID, entity Ab ,^y  
    'IX1WS&\"  
        Update f256;3n  
        Print "DONE!" Rlewp8?LB  
         7<xnE]jdq  
    End Sub ,GH`tK_  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: '(5GR I<  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 45c?0tj  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm vN{@c(=g  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 1(o\GI3:  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 5?-HQoT)G  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 m;dwt1'Zw  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 EH |+S  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 UGPDwgq\v  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 }YDi/b7  
    DONE! 6YM X7G]  
    {U=J>#@G  
    bCw{9El!K4  
    QQ:2987619807 LlX)xJ  
     
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