[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ZU+_nWnl  
}&2,!;"">3  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 FH$q,BI!R  
uwZ,l-6T  
模型 6-J}ZfGj  
r3-<~k-  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 dG]B-(WTC  
9PV+Kr!c5I  
o)7Ot\:E  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. EN":}!E:  
2 >j0,2  
光源 s8P3H|0.-  
"+wkruC  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 /
#rH18  
0( A  ?&  
]*lZFP~  
T]zD+/=  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 S_OtY]gF  
y@1QVt04  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 ,r]H+vWS  
3(,m(+J[S  
]vn*eqd  
o|c6=77043  
视网膜的散射 bGK*1FlH  
BmccSC;o4  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 A|:+c*7]  
ju"?b2f  
#W3H;'~/5  
``$$yS~d};  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 u~Po5W/i  
[6JDS;MIN  
[)GRP  
~_N,zw{x  
脚本 f5b|,JJ  
!X~NL+  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： v{uq  
dg|x(p#  
fR'!p: ~  
]sL.+.P  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 v~T)g"_|  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 {#,5C H')  
JehanF[  
分析 DrV[1Z  
O2pE"8=4Q  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 zuW4gJ  
3HYdb|y
 
'q |"+;  
脚本代码 R%\3
[  
&oB*gGRw=7  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. U]vUa^nG  
CLVT5pj='  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY kc P ZIP:  
Dim op As T_OPERATION iQ8{N:58DN  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL %7aJSuQN%  
Dim A As Double <3@nv%  
Dim pupilDiam As Double $hcv}<$/  
Dim eID As Long vfv?QjR  
Dim parID As Long LmqSxHs0
Q  
Dim count As Integer ]?D$n  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double )D6i {I0  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double U+ik& R#  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double U,v`md@PX  
Dim ok As Long 5CN=a2&  
2\k!DF  
Sub Main _BJ:GDz>  
a6./;OC  
    '用户输入对话框 ?&eS}skL  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 nA(" cD[,  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 )z@ +|A  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1  ArAe=m!u  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 NcF>}f,}\  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 L%5y@b{AR  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 OF']-  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 T5ky:{Y(  
    End Dialog Ew PJ|Z^  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog ?zutU w/m  
juWXB+d2Y  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) ^[m-PS(
 
*kK +Nvt8s  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed /N*<Fq7w~  
        Print "Execution cancelled." L3wj vq^  
        End 8gEp5  
    End If R0*P,~L;|  
C za}cF  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty XBCHJj]k  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {[Ri:^nHgL  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation %pOz%v~  
    Else 2INpo  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) ,~Xe#eM  
    End If \{ QH^  
]] 0M  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then *'aJO}$  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter :'ZR!w  
    Else E8sM`2z5  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) WeH_1$n5  
    End If We}9'X}  
,#,K_oz  
    Print " " vqf}(/.D  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" H'YKj'  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _/>I-\xWA  
ETL7|C"  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation L{>rN`{  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness !=.y[Db=  
PZV>A!7C8n  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens fmv:vs /9  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens CckfoJ 9  
&XC
d2  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens r-EIoZ"P  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Lc}hjK  
wn_ >Vi1  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness wAi7jCY%OY  
^znUf4N1  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Wq}6RdY$ZA  
vD9.X}l]  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation b1IAp>*2l  
GOA dhh-  
    '************************************************************************* vS5}OV  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) aDX&j2/  
    '************************************************************************* LNk :PD0m  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) !F}GSDDV*  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity JLWm9c+UTG  
Y9#dAI[Gce  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) o!+'<IQ'  
3)=ix. wW  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z BWYv.&=(  
    count = 0 p{GO-gE@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count S#p_Y^A  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @YaI5>,/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then mGDc,C=5:  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Kzq^f=p  
            count=count-1 OMjPC_  
        End If AtHkz|sl  
        count=count+1 5X];?(VTsb  
    Wend u|$HA>F[  
5 8;OTDR!  
    'Set new shift in & }j;SK5  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 5WfZd  
    op.val1 = taq FG71<}C[K  
    op.parent = parID lAA6tlc#C  
    AddOperation eID, op gk8v{'0Er  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 NqKeQezX  
&*O'qOO<2  
    '************************************************************************* u"hr4+/  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens y[jp)&N`  
    '************************************************************************* $d-yG553  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) {GT5   
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U5cbO{\3I  
vOKNBR2  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Snmv  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant .sj/Lw}  
yF|yZ{  
    '************************************************************************* Bo ywgL|  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens qycf;Kl:6  
    '************************************************************************* Q8l vwip  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) FR'Nzi$  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic UHfE.mTjM  
`]19}GK~xo  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost "#8^":,4  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost +B+cN[d  
jc>B^mqx  
    '************************************************************************* rB(Q)N  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 8>vNa  
    '************************************************************************* 
6=Q6J  
bqF?!t<B  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Um`KmM3  
Q-G8Fo%#,E  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 2|RxowXZ"  
    count = 0 T51oNO%^  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q]!FFi{w;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op I)*J,hs1  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0$yHO2 f  
            DeleteOperation eID,count zC[LcC*+J  
            count=count-1 $j(4FyH\  
        End If %Y|AXxR  
        count=count+1 rfgsas{F  
    Wend TOqx
l  
,@N.v?p>  
    'Set new z-shift Zcc7 7dRA  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" XWz~*@ci  
    op.val1 = tlens vu*{+YpH  
    op.parent = parID wc}x [cS  
    AddOperation eID, op T I ZkN6  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #^-'q`)  
4 #lLC-k  
    '************************************************************************* P6v@ Sn  
    'Lens index of refraction Mj19;nc0I  
    '************************************************************************* FS?1O"_  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) R iLq
MSq  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat %2G3+T8*x  
C<^S$  
    mat.Nd = nlens
&Dp&  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]8cD,NS  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens <X97W\  
~g~`,:Qc  
    '************************************************************************* ;gRPTk$X3  
    'Pupil diameter q}g0-Da  
    '************************************************************************* \IR$~  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) lL'K1%{+ \  
qX[C%  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 73nmDZO|  
AMK3I`=8WO  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" k5)IBO  
c Ct5m  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens k.Z?BNP  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Z\)P|#L$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) ]HG>Og  
    count = 0 ,zBc-Cm  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count WCI'Kh 
 
        GetOperation eID, count, op xkaed  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then .e S* F  
            DeleteOperation eID,count L{c\7
  
            count=count-1 P[Vf$ q<  
        End If U[@B63];0  
        count=count+1 :f RGXrn  
    Wend MB.LHIo  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Lg6>\Z4
 
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 VF"c}
  
    op.parent = parID qMBEJ<o  
    AddOperation eID, op /q`f3OV"  
&#]||T-  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam  ck`$ `  
J\I`#
 
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description &G+:t)|S  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) KH[Oqd  
    GetEntity eID, entity k0DX|O8mXV  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ".fnx8v,  
    SetEntity eID, entity Lb2/ Te*  
hN1{?PQ  
    Update 7q^a@5f BG  
    Print "DONE!" T!5g:;~y >  
     q +c~Bd  
End Sub /9C>{29x!  
Fz_8m4  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： Sj4@pMh4  
W4AFa>h  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters 'p'nAB''!  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm P-\T BS_O  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 A Rjox`  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 54&&=NVs|  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 [-Mfgw]i  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 2wZyUB;  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 HG})VPBa  
Set pupil diameter = 4 |F>'7JJJ  
DONE! T(eNK c2  
l8!n!sC[
,  
HBgt!D0MZ  
QQ：2987619807 Y<`uq'V