[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 YniZ( ~^K  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 7cIC&(h5  
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模型 `d75@0:  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 +O)]^"TG  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd.  DZ^=*.  
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光源 'Pf_5q  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 xKY$L*  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 M(qxq(#{U  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Q(l
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视网膜的散射 =K&#.r  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $Z/klSEf  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 \ZS\i4  
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脚本 wa" uFW  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： M:_!w[NiLp  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .8]Y-  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 X:Q$gO?[4  
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分析 6)ycmu;!$  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ;+ G9-  
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脚本代码 }w@gj"\H  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. k^^:;OR  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY X/Y#U\  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 71O3O7  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL }kE87x
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Dim A As Double =2,0Wo]$  
Dim pupilDiam As Double `@|w>8bMz{  
Dim eID As Long kg3ppt  
Dim parID As Long n>P!u71  
Dim count As Integer @rO4y`  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double *zy'#`>  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ?>V6P_r>  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Xr
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Dim ok As Long Ziz=]D_  
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Sub Main cOkgoL" 4  
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    '用户输入对话框 'S?;J ,/  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ^Dr.DWi{$  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 iITp**l  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Uki9/QiX>  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 Pr+~Kif  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 'L{p,  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 tWY2o3j  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 M$A
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    End Dialog HM&1yubh#  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog -(>qu.[8=  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) aI(>]sWJ  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ni6r{eS
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        Print "Execution cancelled." rGlRAn#?,  
        End t)N;'v &  
    End If k=/eM$":  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -[R!O'N9  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then VXm[-  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation !gH9ay  
    Else dB;3.<S=  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Ue$zH"w  
    End If G#[*|+f8  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then J!h^egP  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter KrKu7]If6#  
    Else TfRGA(+#  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Yv)aAWEa  
    End If H"CUZ  
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    Print " " {J]-<:XD  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" E'c
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" {8@\Ij  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation )%Ru#}1X6  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness x*}bo))hb  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ]hE="z=n  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 1H{jy^sP7  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens %f&< wC  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ](K0Fwo`;"  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Q$ZHv_VLx  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction Zb''mf\  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ;(6P6@
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    '************************************************************************* XU-m"_t  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) mlu 3K  
    '************************************************************************* R,Oe$J<  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Q:Mh
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    GetCustomElement eID, entity lKV"Mh+6  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ?m;;D'1j  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z |L:Cn J  
    count = 0 ]hTb@.  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count SEF6B45}1  
        GetOperation eID, count, op @Doyt{|T  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2t1I3yA'{z  
            DeleteOperation eID,count {G*QY%j^  
            count=count-1 H:S,\D?%2x  
        End If ZR3nK0  
        count=count+1 MZv\ C  
    Wend S~F`  
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    'Set new shift in .~klG&>aV  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 8_we: 9A  
    op.val1 = taq {0yu   
    op.parent = parID #DI$
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    AddOperation eID, op t\R; < x  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 0 bSA_  
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    '************************************************************************* G<qIY&D'  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens hW2.8f$  
    '************************************************************************* Fhj8lVvk  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -{g
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic n:#TOU1ix<  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 0SV\{]2  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant [CN$ScK,  
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    '************************************************************************* ($!KzxF3  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens %mI~ =^za  
    '************************************************************************* *\XH+/]+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) m],Ud\  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic )0CQP  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost xJ(:m<z  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Z<z;L<tJ 9  
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    '************************************************************************* d53 L6
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 7'w0  
    '************************************************************************* wNQqfqZ  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) #V_GOy1-  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) =dH$
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    count = 0 @h9MxCE!  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j, u#K)7{T  
        GetOperation eID, count, op jNl/!l7B  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then \,xFg w4  
            DeleteOperation eID,count zCe/Kukvy  
            count=count-1 }E&NPp>  
        End If ^Udv]Wh  
        count=count+1 +]!lS7nsW  
    Wend Ka-p& Uv1<  
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    'Set new z-shift c{3rl;Cs  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" _PXdzeI.  
    op.val1 = tlens G*n2Ii  
    op.parent = parID UH3t(o7O
 
    AddOperation eID, op vK$^y^  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens wD9a#AgEd  
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    '************************************************************************* #Ob]]!y  
    'Lens index of refraction 8k!6b\Imz  
    '************************************************************************* Wk7WK` >i  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) :d' 5O8  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 5vOCCW  
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    mat.Nd = nlens T[uDZYx  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat *y7 $x
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    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens X[hM8G  
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    '************************************************************************* _"N\b%CkO  
    'Pupil diameter >- Bg%J9  
    '************************************************************************* ~L?nq@DL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) O!F]^'!  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 665[  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" p^QZq>v  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Y 62r  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) H{zPft  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) *|RS*ABte  
    count = 0 W|R-J  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count cyF4iG'M,y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then yYTVXs`fVj  
            DeleteOperation eID,count JOfV]eCL  
            count=count-1 %}qbkkZ  
        End If 8Qrpa o  
        count=count+1 (6qsKX  
    Wend nX5C<Ky  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^ddO&!U  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 ZF{~ih*^u  
    op.parent = parID ?[= U%sPu=  
    AddOperation eID, op kX;$}7n  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ]0~qi@  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description AV4~U:vU  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  (_+;R  
    GetEntity eID, entity HeIS;gfUY  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" Q,e*#oK3$  
    SetEntity eID, entity P_Uutn~  
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    Update ZKdh%8C  
    Print "DONE!" ; B$*)X9  
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End Sub dOXD{c  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： .Q\\dESn"  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters Tov&68A~e  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm MOH
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Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 S+T|a:]\7  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 -2*>`,Uu  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 JAP(|  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 uqZ3Hyb  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 Bc ^4 T1  
Set pupil diameter = 4 {bkGYx5.C  
DONE! (!</%^ZI  
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