[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 O*T(aM3r  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 lg~Gkd6  
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模型 4Bs '5@  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 PkMN@JS  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. GK~uoz:^O  
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光源 /*i[MB
 
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ;y/&p d+  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 Iw~R@,  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 Kejp7okb  
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视网膜的散射 e];lDa#4-Y  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 _(l?gj  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 ?I{L^j^#4  
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脚本 R-LMV  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 4Oo{\&(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 sPX&XqWx  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 %|j`z
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分析 +`,;tz=?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (qglD  
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脚本代码 !7Eodq-0  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 6_,JW{#"  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY vAp<Muj(a  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 'X<4";$mU  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL WP2=1"X63  
Dim A As Double IjGPiC  
Dim pupilDiam As Double @}=(4%  
Dim eID As Long G %'xEr0n  
Dim parID As Long .G.WPVE  
Dim count As Integer nr2 Q[9~  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double CP~mKmMV  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 4-~Z{#-  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double U%q-#
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Dim ok As Long _f'v>"K  
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Sub Main gg>QXui  
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    '用户输入对话框 {j=`  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 dvZH~mF  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 h2 KI  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 Cb1w8l0  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 OvAhp&k  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 *,mI=1  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~:{05W  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 m8ts!6C  
    End Dialog &\1n=y  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog baBBn%_V  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) sxsb)a  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 3V<@Vkf5  
        Print "Execution cancelled." Keozn*fzI  
        End ;h\T7pwwb  
    End If ,$0-I@*V  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty _]-4d_&3(  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then &W,jR|B  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation g:>'+(H;  
    Else -~mgct5  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $P=C7;  
    End If L.Qz29\  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then =j62tDS  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter HR}O:2'  
    Else fes s6=k  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) X*QS/\  
    End If -}#HaL#'K  
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    Print " " ]1|P|Jp  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" nN\H'{Wzd  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" uMJ\  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation qOwql(vX  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness L5-|-PP|;  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens D5TDg\E  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens O$<>v\NC?  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens `gX@b^  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens `7CK;NeT  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness >?, Zn  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction j*jUcD*  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ''y.4dvX  
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    '************************************************************************* K#0TD("  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) g8W,Xq+  
    '************************************************************************* ;2p+i/sVj  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) j3gDGw;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ^7-zwl(>?N  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `*C=R  _  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 558P"w0"X  
    count = 0 [9 W@<p  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count eU[g@Pq:Y  
        GetOperation eID, count, op fpD$%.y'J  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then "& ,ov#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count O G`8::S  
            count=count-1 tyu@aCK  
        End If jJy:/!i  
        count=count+1 K^Awf6%  
    Wend Lo%n{*if  
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    'Set new shift in \|]mClj#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 2 !s&|lI  
    op.val1 = taq 2KlQ[z4Ir  
    op.parent = parID E}@C4pS  
    AddOperation eID, op 6':iW~iI  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 T] zEcx+e  
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    '************************************************************************* h>-P
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    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens P@{x@9kI  
    '************************************************************************* b;k
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3S^0%"fY  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;cor\R  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant YuXJT*  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant Nwvlv{k'  
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    '************************************************************************* 22g
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens vgz`+Zj*S  
    '************************************************************************* c8l>OS5i3_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) +P/kfY"  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic db
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost bsIG1&n'T  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost XzUGlrp:Y#  
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    '************************************************************************* bc)>h!'Y  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) iOE. .xA:  
    '************************************************************************* i5,iJe0cA  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) J2UQq7-y  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) } M#e\neii  
    count = 0 ^h(wi`i  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ;nY#/%f  
        GetOperation eID, count, op jr6_|(0 i6  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then K_7pr~D]@r  
            DeleteOperation eID,count x7j#@C  
            count=count-1 _(W@FS  
        End If &!!*xv-z  
        count=count+1 r*X,]\V0x  
    Wend y<)TYr  
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    'Set new z-shift +mQ5\14#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |P|B"I<?  
    op.val1 = tlens pLMt2G  
    op.parent = parID qd`e:s*%  
    AddOperation eID, op v^|U?  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens i\R0+O{  
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    '************************************************************************* 5&]5*;BvJ  
    'Lens index of refraction 4aW@c<-r?  
    '************************************************************************* m[hL GD'Fi  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) IqOg{#sm  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat nJDGNm,  
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    mat.Nd = nlens Y.:R-|W  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Z;0~f<e%  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens U&?hG>  
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    '************************************************************************* 2RiJm"   
    'Pupil diameter i"{O~
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    '************************************************************************* h`[$ Bp  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" )  fXD+  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) m|*B0GW  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" B2`S0 H  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 1? >P3C  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `lhw*{3A  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) @W,jy$U  
    count = 0 MP]<m7669*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2YD\KXDo  
        GetOperation eID, count, op V<ESjK8  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b3(*/KgK  
            DeleteOperation eID,count )"?4d[ 5  
            count=count-1 X/_I2X  
        End If xR7ZqTcw  
        count=count+1 [W[{ 4 Xu  
    Wend KK|w30\f  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" )^(*B6;z5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 Sp`l>BL  
    op.parent = parID {X{R]  
    AddOperation eID, op st'T._  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam ;vx5 =^7P  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description `oRyw6Sko  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) W4$o\yA]  
    GetEntity eID, entity kpOdyn(  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" &L|oqXE0L  
    SetEntity eID, entity 9QZa
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    Update jNZ.Fb  
    Print "DONE!" :e1h!G  
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End Sub ?%kgfw@)  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： JsaXI:%1  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters 5epI'D  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X9>fE{)!  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 I}$`gUXX8x  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 r&=ulg  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 s{^98*  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 cXweg;  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 q~{) {t;  
Set pupil diameter = 4 8}%F`=Y0  
DONE! !z?   
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