[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 ;;EDN45  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 82j'MgGP  
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模型 uL2"StW  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ! (2-(LgA  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. $x?NNS_ "J  
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光源
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 C>*5=p|T  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 7cIC&(h5  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 `d75@0:  
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视网膜的散射 Up<~
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 M6J/mOVx5  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 }KK2WJp#M  
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脚本 /@Ez" ?V2  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 3AK(dC[ri  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Xad*Iulj  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 g]za"U|g  
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分析 x
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 sYI~dU2H  
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脚本代码 -PM)EGSk{  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. l<TIG3bs  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY tVunh3-  
Dim op As T_OPERATION i`+B4I8[  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 1  o|T  
Dim A As Double Sr&T[ex,.  
Dim pupilDiam As Double vVAb'`ysv  
Dim eID As Long 8zZSp  
Dim parID As Long z!:'V]  
Dim count As Integer job[bhK'Jt  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double m=QCG)s  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double =N_,l'U\^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double eZNitGaU  
Dim ok As Long @;m$ua*|:  
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Sub Main Z v4<b  
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    '用户输入对话框 l)Zs-V!M^\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ]M3#3Ha"  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 W<NmsG})_g  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 #XI"@pD  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 O6iCZ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Noh?^@T`Ov  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 $M':&i5`,  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 snYr9O[E6  
    End Dialog :mpiAs<%U"  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) &!jq!u$(  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ~GG?GB  
        Print "Execution cancelled." <qhBc:kc  
        End 4<.O+hS  
    End If 6e.v&f7(  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Q.k :\m*h  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then )p8I@E  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation cXN _*%  
    Else W&(f&{A  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) . uR M{Bs  
    End If /APcL5:=  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then '# z]M  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter %M&3VQ9w  
    Else Rg* J}  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) \cQ .|S  
    End If 5)'P'kVi7.  
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    Print " " "+|L_iuNQ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" Y-p<qL|_  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7byCc_,
  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation G#[*|+f8  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness jxw_*^w"  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens gUVn;_  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 8g*hvPc  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens '{f=hE_/  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens Y ?'tUV  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness a3@w|KLt  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction l#bAl/c`  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation Ct]A%=cZW  
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    '************************************************************************* <7n]Ai@Y  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 8)xt(~qF  
    '************************************************************************* _+w/ pS`M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) &mE?y%  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity .Q>!B?)  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2cf' ,cv@8  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z lBA+zZ  
    count = 0 9z ?7{2C  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count T_#, A0G  
        GetOperation eID, count, op f h<*8w0H  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x&=9P e(  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 4MW ]EQ-  
            count=count-1 Zk? =  
        End If hI|)u4q  
        count=count+1 o6}n8U}bk  
    Wend uDuF#3 +"  
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    'Set new shift in #^rU x.  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" jo98 jA<  
    op.val1 = taq oq;'eM1,.  
    op.parent = parID RL}KAGK  
    AddOperation eID, op =P^wh  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Xl%0/o  
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    '************************************************************************* M{N(~ql  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens K7`YJp`i  
    '************************************************************************* . (`3JQ2s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) HJhH-\{@  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :w-`PYJ%G  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant :q+N&j'3  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant >n
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    '************************************************************************* #a9_
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    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens $v27]"]  
    '************************************************************************* +,flE=5]s  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ;+Yi.Q/\  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic =-jD~rN4;P  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost kv?|'DN  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost <GIwRVCU  
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    '************************************************************************* fCUT[d+H  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 2x}6\t  
    '************************************************************************* n9hm790x-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) %mI~ =^za  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) m],Ud\  
    count = 0 )0CQP  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ?nFO:N<  
        GetOperation eID, count, op HW_& !ye  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then SGcBmjP  
            DeleteOperation eID,count OtUrGQP  
            count=count-1 }ot"Sx\.  
        End If 5cfA;(H  
        count=count+1 sic$uT  
    Wend 5nLDj:C~  
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    'Set new z-shift F=wRkU  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" e<=;i" |  
    op.val1 = tlens <,8l *1C  
    op.parent = parID 4zc<GL3[  
    AddOperation eID, op a/:XXy |  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens m *X7T  
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    '************************************************************************* F9Z@x)  
    'Lens index of refraction ?&c:q3_-Z  
    '************************************************************************* \2!!L=&4G  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) `~F5wh~  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat f}fsoDoQ=  
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    mat.Nd = nlens |!*Xl) ]  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat Nw<P bklz  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens gA^q^>7  
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    '************************************************************************* 9'KonW  
    'Pupil diameter I3y9:4  
    '************************************************************************* 8k!6b\Imz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) Wk7WK` >i  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) 5vOCCW  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" u?
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens F]=B'ZI  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) z'MS#6|}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Oh!(@  
    count = 0 #@//7Bf%  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count t&RruwN_;  
        GetOperation eID, count, op $|<m9CW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then !{%G0(Dv  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]T<^{jG  
            count=count-1 ijYvqZ_  
        End If vq6%Ey3Gix  
        count=count+1 1:NS}r+>3.  
    Wend shF
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    op.Type = "ShiftZ" `/:
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    op.val1 = taq-0.01 D3]BTkMMS;  
    op.parent = parID &O1v,$}'  
    AddOperation eID, op Y E1Hpeb  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam j}WByaZ&  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description JLm @Ag  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 'gTmH[be  
    GetEntity eID, entity %$mjJw<|&  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" %xlpB75N4N  
    SetEntity eID, entity K{DAOQ.z  
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    Update =3'(A14C=  
    Print "DONE!" *xH\)|3,  
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End Sub j%tEZ"H  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： {B{i(6C(  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters l4T:d^Eb  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Cvn$]bt/s  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 9([6d.`~  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 iuAq.$oi{  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 }~I|t!GL  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 Ft-6m%  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 C0m\SNR  
Set pupil diameter = 4 TOT PzB  
DONE! ~j&?/{7I  
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