[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 "
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 y7ng/vqM7  
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模型 CAX)AN  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 9$)I=Rpk=  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. k/MrNiC  
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光源 XcfvmlBoD-  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 WCc7 MK  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 R(jp  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 kzq3-NTV  
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视网膜的散射 /l o;:)AiP  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 K"lZwU\:On  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 3zdm-5R.b  
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脚本 QU&LC  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 1|U8DK
 
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 3<c_`BWu  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 zTP|H5HyK  
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分析 C"X; ,F<  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 |}hV
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脚本代码 J0%e6{C1  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. wtm=  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY m :M=De  
Dim op As T_OPERATION )I/K-zj  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL TOH!vQP  
Dim A As Double qKL:#ny  
Dim pupilDiam As Double 1$A7BP  
Dim eID As Long |3ob1/)p0  
Dim parID As Long NG)Xk[q4  
Dim count As Integer T~&9/%$F  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double oQsls9t  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Q^p>hda  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double `Z)]mH\X  
Dim ok As Long GxFmw:  
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Sub Main )p?p39
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    '用户输入对话框
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    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 N,oN3mFF  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 -D?-ctFYj^  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 @)iAV1r"  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 b~5Q|3P9  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 0vi)my;!  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ~a5-xWEZ  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 #RN"Ul-B|  
    End Dialog xoT|fgb  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog szZ8
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) bOvMXj/HV=  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -JMlk
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        Print "Execution cancelled." v +$3Z5  
        End 3M@!?=|U  
    End If 1kDr;.m%  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty CcDi65s  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then S*0P[R  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation <"}Gvi  
    Else Gdi8Al]\Nl  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) >U%:Nfo3  
    End If 2A,iY}R  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then QP%*`t?  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0QakFt  
    Else M@wQ6ow  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) cW|M4`  
    End If * 11|P  
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    Print " " _7^4sR8=  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" (*
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    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" DqQ+8 w  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation bAd$ >DI[  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Y)7LkZO(y  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ophQdJM  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens .3Ag6YI0N  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens p1mY@  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens !.^%*6f  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 'TdO6-X  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction }2X"  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation lY,dy
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    '************************************************************************* ar
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 6Z,j^: B  
    '************************************************************************* r\x"nS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) kzUP   
    GetCustomElement eID, entity HK/T`p#  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) |+|q`SwJ  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z I8%2tLVY  
    count = 0 fzhCV  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count qa!3lb_'M  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "j<l=l!  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then $v
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            DeleteOperation eID,count !-OPzfHrI  
            count=count-1 RqenPMk  
        End If |oL}c!0vs  
        count=count+1 SD=kpf;  
    Wend 3EHn}#+U  
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    'Set new shift in i!U,qV1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" #*"5F*  
    op.val1 = taq }CoR$
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    op.parent = parID foi@z9  
    AddOperation eID, op C'a%piX  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 6')pM&`t  
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    '************************************************************************* <691pkX  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Uql|32j  
    '************************************************************************* '%}k"&t$i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ]l~TI8gC  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic z(yJ
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant {okx*]PIc  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant SMMsXH  
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    '************************************************************************* R}S@u@mOE  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Rb8wq.LqD  
    '************************************************************************* y7?n;3U]CS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) @'Y^
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic [J`%iU  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost @Ft\~ +}  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 5,;>b^gXY`  
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    '************************************************************************* YH 5jvvOI  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) a*oqhOTQ  
    '************************************************************************* t\/i9CBn  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) }ob&d.XZ  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) )rqb<O  
    count = 0 ,y'E#_cTgQ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count wTu_Am  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ;nDCyn4i]  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 2Gw2k8g&  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Uzx,aYo X  
            count=count-1 'DDlX3W-  
        End If #2XX[d%  
        count=count+1 YoT<]'  
    Wend WFYbmfmV  
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    'Set new z-shift ^E)*i#."4  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \9Z1'W  
    op.val1 = tlens V5ySOgzw,  
    op.parent = parID 19r4J(pV  
    AddOperation eID, op 5\?\|*WT  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens u@"nVHgMJ  
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    '************************************************************************* e?V7<7$  
    'Lens index of refraction 3 W%Bsqn  
    '************************************************************************* \E!a=cL!  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) "$lE~d">  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 5f` a7R  
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    mat.Nd = nlens !ULU#2'1  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat h^)R}jy+f  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens d"P\ =`+  
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    '************************************************************************* vz[-8m:f  
    'Pupil diameter @lYm2l^  
    '************************************************************************* w,,QXJe{Z_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) b,k%
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =Fd!wkB'{  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" iK(G t6w  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens m$bX;F}T  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (F<VcB  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) kPt] [1jo  
    count = 0 sp2"c"_+  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :nt 7jm,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ZSBa+3;z  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {Xc^-A[~  
            DeleteOperation eID,count z)Yk&;XC  
            count=count-1 Zgw;AY.R>  
        End If wU9H=w^  
        count=count+1 fpDx)lQ  
    Wend [\Ks+S  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =)2sehU/  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 5Oa`1?C1  
    op.parent = parID 9(\eL9^  
    AddOperation eID, op <3 b|Sk:T  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam |>Q]q  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description TIs~?wb$  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fku\O<1  
    GetEntity eID, entity )r9l
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" 9L`5r$/  
    SetEntity eID, entity ^-*q  
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    Update ]ZkR~?  
    Print "DONE!" Ew&pwsQ  
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End Sub :jJ;&t^^  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： !mM`+XH  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters @
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm MHuQGc"e+4  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 WDM^rjA|j  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 ,n}h_ct  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 (O&R-5m  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 4TPAD)C  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 p)dD{+"/2  
Set pupil diameter = 4 JGJy_.C  
DONE! WN5`zD$  
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