[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 Nz77" kC  
r j.X"  
人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 @<jm+f"MP  
[[#R ry  
模型 A>ve|us$  
GBl[s,g[|  
模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 SHYbQF2  
T)I\?hqTB  
Xw#"?B(M]  
在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 8og8;#mnyr  
3L CT-rp  
光源 B k*Rz4Oa  
;nx.:f  
多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 0j!xv(1  
D#D55X^6*  
`6P2+wf1j~  
+MqJJuWB  
除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 =)s~t|@v  
iR!]&Oh  
在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 hD[r6c  
@6 a'p  
D/VEl{ba-  
r8tW)"?  
视网膜的散射 !|l7b2NEz-  
O^!Bc}$  
在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 lbX YWZ~7  
ucJ}KMz  
:-WNw n  
>,QCKZH  
注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 0CvGpM,  
D59q/@  
Peo-t*-06  
,c-*/{3  
脚本 &Dt=[yqeG  
V!(7=ku!`  
内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Eg&:yF}?(  
C}|.z  
lcLDCt?  
OFBEJacy  
如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 | TG6-e_  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 _^eiN'B  
d'&OEGb<  
分析 Bd 0oA )i  
xC9{hXg!  
屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 spTz}p^\O  
XdmpfUR,13  
[y}h   
脚本代码 Td|u-9OM  
;5.<M<PH  
Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Lyf5Yf([-  
+0)M1!gK  
Dim entity As T_ENTITY %t
$KVV  
Dim op As T_OPERATION /E2P  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ~1E!Co  
Dim A As Double IdMwpru(  
Dim pupilDiam As Double G'u[0>  
Dim eID As Long F:d2;  
Dim parID As Long $)$r  
Dim count As Integer UmvnVmnv  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double gaxM#  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double xJAQ'ANr  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double XI|k,Ko<  
Dim ok As Long 8V}|(b#  
$U.|  
Sub Main D/Ok  
.%)uCLZr$  
    '用户输入对话框 @87Y/_l  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 \q*-9_M  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 JV@G9PT  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 4`)r1D!U  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 maDWV&Db  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 -.y1]4  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ,}]v7DD  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 DQ3L=  
    End Dialog Y#Q!mbp  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog *l4[`7|  

=Gu&0f  
    ok = Dialog (dlg) #;~HoOK*#  
pDYJLh-C  
    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed (CRx'R  
        Print "Execution cancelled." _k26(rdI@-  
        End UimofFmI%  
    End If GS=E6  
hSw=Oq82  
    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty ~##FW|N)  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 1KrJS(.  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ,mHUo4h1O  
    Else f,E7eL@  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) EnlAgL']|  
    End If vG'#5%,|  
~ z3J4s  
    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then q`/J2r+O  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter KUYwc@si\  
    Else >V?0#f45@  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) lya},_WCq  
    End If h2T\%V_j  
aVHIU3  
    Print " " tB"9%4](  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s5{=lP  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" +|d]\WlJ  
G 3,v'D5  
    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ssx#|InY  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness K$Vu[!l`  
GW'v\O  
    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens VqV[ @[P  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens O+|C<;K  
-*4*hHmb  
    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens pXl[I;  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 6];3h>c]N  
cjPXrDl{\  
    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ~`QoBZ.O&  
YwET.(oo  
    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction ~qeFSU(  
P'OvwA  
    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation :=;{w~D  
jhf3(hx&F  
    '************************************************************************* El5}
f4sl  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) "}qs+  
    '************************************************************************* 1J"9Y81  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M)+pH  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity uOLShNo  
9/{zS3h3  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >":xnX#  
a24 AmoWx  
    ' Delete any shift(s) in z uStAZ~b\  
    count = 0 _C?Wk:Y@  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ) yMrET m  
        GetOperation eID, count, op N$]er'`  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then XP?jsBE  
            DeleteOperation eID,count c**&,aL  
            count=count-1 q/U-6A[0  
        End If \(P?=] -  
        count=count+1 B??07j  
    Wend &;d N:F;  
%r(WS_%K|  
    'Set new shift in I*
 C~w  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" \6&Ml]1  
    op.val1 = taq D;V[9E=g/  
    op.parent = parID D1xGUz2r  
    AddOperation eID, op Z)W8Of_  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 X%5eZ"1{x  
G$i)ELs  
    '************************************************************************* h:362&?]  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens /VT/KT{  
    '************************************************************************* ;z4F-SYQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 2uE<mjCt-r  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic U*$P"sS`  
|cma7q}p  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant zW%Em81Wd  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 0wv#AT  
Z*co\ pW  
    '************************************************************************* +`Z1L\gmA  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens >%U+G0Fq  
    '*************************************************************************  '/.Dxib  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) f?sm~PwC-  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ~Xxmj!nOf  
t Y  
    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost /=/Ki%hh  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost N2}SR|.  
S"Cz. bv  
    '************************************************************************* QE(.w dHP  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) :'Qiwf&  
    '************************************************************************* A ]A{HEX  
W%g*sc*+  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ;yt6Yp.6e  
SU~a()"  
    ' Delete any z-shift(s) LBK{-(%  
    count = 0 0 jth}\9  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count j HHWq>=d  
        GetOperation eID, count, op )Fv.eIBY  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then J2W-l{`r<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ^U_T<x8{  
            count=count-1 BkB>eE1)Ea  
        End If =*,SD
 
        count=count+1 Q4"\k. ?  
    Wend crM5&L9zF  
1(?4*v@B  
    'Set new z-shift /sKL|]i=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" k5S;G"iJ  
    op.val1 = tlens 8 c8`"i  
    op.parent = parID YO7U}6wBt  
    AddOperation eID, op jfxNV2[  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens &F&`y  
p`Pa;=L  
    '************************************************************************* 6$k#B ~~  
    'Lens index of refraction ebk>e*  
    '************************************************************************* 7s|'NTp  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) )5Khl"6!z  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat \3 SY2g8+  
r[L%ap\{  
    mat.Nd = nlens uks75W!}U  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat D|LO!,=b  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens b' o]Y  
%v0M~J}
+  
    '************************************************************************* 2Xt4Rqk$  
    'Pupil diameter )O1
]|r7v  
    '************************************************************************* (u,)v_Oo]a  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 7AqgX0)  
x>#{C,Fi  
    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ]" 'yf;g  
*d1BpR%  
    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" ;'"'|} xn  
}@r23g%  
    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens ) O0Cz n  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) tDK@?PfKz  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) cbzA`b'Mg  
    count = 0 k"N>pjgd$  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count r6DLShP-Ur  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `fBQ?[05.  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ,-c,3/tyA  
            DeleteOperation eID,count 9p{4-]  
            count=count-1 smn
"]K  
        End If sl'4AK~\  
        count=count+1 oB:7R^a  
    Wend 11H`WOTQF  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" -+".ut:R  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 6j%%CWU{~  
    op.parent = parID wNf:_^|}  
    AddOperation eID, op 8Y`Lq$u  
|a(KVo  
    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam @ st>#]i4  
VE|:k:};  
    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description RHF"$6EAFG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" )  0,Ds1
y^  
    GetEntity eID, entity -^@FZR^Y  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" !dqC6a  
    SetEntity eID, entity Wg-mJu(  
}a]`"_i;[  
    Update VE\L&d2S  
    Print "DONE!" %_!/4^smE  
     x@-K  
End Sub `Y&`2WZ ~  
i fsh(^N  
如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： D;,p?]mgO~  
BZeEZ2"  
Accommodation = 4 Diopters {*_Ln  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm aHhLz>H'  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 =E-x0sr?  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 V3,C5KKk&z  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 K; #FU  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 GBz?$]6  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 z|g2Q#$-\S  
Set pupil diameter = 4 j=0kxvp  
DONE! 1[egCC\Mo_  
]cRvdUGv  
pH'Tx>  
QQ：2987619807 uYC^&siS<s