[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 wS F!Xx0  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 b.mjQ  
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模型 MYDf`0{$_a  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 &;NNUT>Q  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 26('V `N  
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光源 #cp$ltY  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 (_%JF[W  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 "b1R5
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }'w^<:RSy  
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视网膜的散射 S{"6PXzb  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 .U(SkZ`6  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 d,Dg"Z  
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脚本 1Sc~Vb|>  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： -I$txa/"|  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 nu<!2xs,  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 B43#9CK`o  
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分析 ks`  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _~#C $-T  
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脚本代码 L!8?2 \5  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 8/kO9'.P  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY hG3$ ]i9  
Dim op As T_OPERATION 8Carg~T@  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL d=OO(sf  
Dim A As Double P:h4  
Dim pupilDiam As Double _j
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Dim eID As Long GDQg:MgX  
Dim parID As Long 3LnyQ  
Dim count As Integer Q+js2?7^  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double V'hz1roe  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double )PNH| h  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double oW1olmpp=  
Dim ok As Long :;u]Y7  
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Sub Main QS?9&+JM|  
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    '用户输入对话框 jN{xpd  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ['`'&+x&!  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 \D k^\-  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 mNB ]e5;N  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 8$tpPOhzb  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 DQXx}%Px  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 TK?N^ly  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 uXa}<=O  
    End Dialog %ycT}Lu  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog |}Z"|-Z  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ?bi^h/f  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?Og;W9i  
        Print "Execution cancelled." EB<tX`Wp  
        End "Z?":|%7  
    End If Z'M@DY/fdK  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty +a@SdWf  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then JH,bSb  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 01w/,r  
    Else 2xm?,p`  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) A|nU _*  
    End If f}d@G/L  

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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then c67!OHumP  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter </Lqk3S-!  
    Else M" \y2   
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Ds/zl Z  
    End If ^jC0S[csw2  
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    Print " " 6?~pjMV  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters"  3".W  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" OQyOv%g5C  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation '93&?  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Vt>E\{@[t  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 2/WXdo  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens 2|EoP-K7  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens =="SW"vNi  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ^a r9$$~/!  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness q3t@)+l>*  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction /xnhHwJm  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation v4Gk
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    '************************************************************************* fC[gu$f][  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) %
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    '************************************************************************* U
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) :yeTzIz]  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity *@Z'{V\  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) BN67o]*]<  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z pD9c%P  
    count = 0 rXMv&]Ag  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count a &j?"o  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 6lGL.m'Ra  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {u5@Yp  
            DeleteOperation eID,count !E8JpE|z#  
            count=count-1 Q]HRg4r  
        End If 0#ph1a<  
        count=count+1 bP[/  
    Wend FWj~bn  
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    'Set new shift in UTz;Sw?~hw  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ"
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    op.val1 = taq xFJ>s-g*  
    op.parent = parID lZ|
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    AddOperation eID, op z t1Q_;  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 la-+`  
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    '************************************************************************* >wn&+%i&  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens >2rFURcD  
    '************************************************************************* 9:Y\D.
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) )gR&Ms4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic biJU r^n  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant #X)s=Y&5!T  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant j6\{j#q  
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    '************************************************************************* D@Q|QY5qic  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ZE :oK  
    '************************************************************************* 2`z+_DA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6@d( <Z  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic []@Mk  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost N9i>81tY  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost Pvtf_Qo^  
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    '************************************************************************* t+&WsCN  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 29E^]IL?  
    '************************************************************************* XW1
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) cgU7)`0j  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Fv3fad@x  
    count = 0 dkXK0k  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count k`N)-`O7  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8U-}%D<a  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :+u?A  
            DeleteOperation eID,count l<gg5 Zea  
            count=count-1 LOp<c<+aW  
        End If /{Nx%PqL  
        count=count+1 wc ^z9y  
    Wend E*CY/F I_  
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    'Set new z-shift -{ZRk[>Z  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" &'R\yX<J)  
    op.val1 = tlens :sJVklK  
    op.parent = parID  snX5mD  
    AddOperation eID, op r=u>TA$  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens p0[ %+n%  
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    '************************************************************************* }"A.[9 b  
    'Lens index of refraction _%Jqyc"-  
    '************************************************************************* ZMoN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) bKiV<&Z5d  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ]M#_o]  
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    mat.Nd = nlens =lA*?'
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    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ]H%y7kH8  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens fmFh.m.+N  
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    '************************************************************************* D&$%JT
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    'Pupil diameter >}Fe9Y.o  
    '************************************************************************* i#=s_v8  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) p%ek)tT  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) hv2@}<r?  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 0"3l2Eo  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens J{`G=  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ^U)xQD"  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) 7
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    count = 0 Myvp PW  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Y`.FSs  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Yi:@>A<#  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Q+YYj  
            DeleteOperation eID,count INt]OPD  
            count=count-1 {$5?[KD  
        End If C3>&O?7J*7  
        count=count+1 V $Y=JK@  
    Wend 2<q.LQ}<  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" }RvinF:5  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 J$"3w,O6+U  
    op.parent = parID U|yXJ.Z3  
    AddOperation eID, op Q#M@!&  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam _ x8gEK8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description xw2dNJL  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x6N)T4J(  
    GetEntity eID, entity lFJDdf2:$C  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" rlMahY"C  
    SetEntity eID, entity f(
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    Update #X 1 GL  
    Print "DONE!" C6` Tck!  
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End Sub %7}ibz4iF  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： "WF@T  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters u7(<
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Pupil Diameter = 4 mm ){}1u ?  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 %r =9,IJ  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 &) qs0  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 (baBi9<P=  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 "rVf{
  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 T"_f9?  
Set pupil diameter = 4 2]
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DONE! K3dg.>O  
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