[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 cT\I[9!)  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (Y^X0yA/  
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模型 ~y$!48o  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Ys!>+nL|  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. r_YIpnJ  
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光源 %okzOKKX  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ^2wLxXO6  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 ql<rU@  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 l6kmS  
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视网膜的散射 tb?YLxMV  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 7a=S  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 {J5JYdK  

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脚本 1|8<H~&  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： oRp:B&  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 /+e~E;3bO  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 I^Z8PEc+  
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分析 IaFr&  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 m+itno  
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脚本代码 }1-I[q6  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. F~U!1)  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY sCl$f7"  
Dim op As T_OPERATION M2@^b
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Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 69#8Z+dw7  
Dim A As Double buk=p-oi  
Dim pupilDiam As Double pUl8{YGS  
Dim eID As Long ) uP\>vRy  
Dim parID As Long G%#05jH  
Dim count As Integer Lv1{k\aw  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ( #&|Dp^'  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double ngi<v6i  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double }%{MPqg  
Dim ok As Long dV8iwI  
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Sub Main ;HOPABWz)  
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    '用户输入对话框 *@V*~^V"J[  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 OY"6J@[z  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 GbU@BN+_  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 5+X_4lEJK(  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 NBl __q  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 5,b]V)4  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 K X]oE+:  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 oQ+61!5>  
    End Dialog Gt/4F-Gn  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog j?n+>/sG,  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) ?a/n<V '  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed >CgO<\  
        Print "Execution cancelled." >{Rb 3Z]  
        End +
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    End If yZ}d+7T}  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Uz8hANN0_  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then #WE]`zd  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 6!EYrX}rI[  
    Else FuP/tTMU1a  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Zzd/K^gg  
    End If \+qOO65/+  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then |;;!8VO3J  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter aW5~Be$ _  
    Else m$y]Lf  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) h5@j`{  
    End If ACBQ3  
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    Print " " #A <1aQ  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" J+<p+(^*v  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 7S2C/f  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation Sw! j=`O  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness w4MwD?i]R  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens =v"xmx&4  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens }_46y*o8  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens ged,>  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens 6`puTL?  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness rH}fLu8,;Q  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction {tzxA_  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ! sYf<  
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    '************************************************************************* kP,7Li\  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) lpEDPvD_Vm  
    '*************************************************************************  Q
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) U'3Fou}  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity M9V-$ _)  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) {$TZ}z"DA  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z ~ v1W  
    count = 0 VJ1*|r,  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8gpBz'/,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Hcl"T1N*  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then IrO+5w  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Lpm?#g uR  
            count=count-1 *h,3}\  
        End If #Go(tS~o  
        count=count+1 B82,.?  
    Wend G)+Ff5e0L[  
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    'Set new shift in H'Iq~Ft1  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $HRed|*.C  
    op.val1 = taq ^-L{/'[8M  
    op.parent = parID ]GS~i+=M  
    AddOperation eID, op <$C<Ba?;?  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 .;%q/hP  
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    '************************************************************************* 9}n,@@  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens h3t$>vs2F"  
    '************************************************************************* |LFUzq>j
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) oWrE2U;  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic D{svR-~T  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant <[8@5?&&  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant pDhY%w#  
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    '************************************************************************* C@)pmSQ  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 8|vld3;  
    '************************************************************************* !c_u-&
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) y1Z1=U*!  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic V#H8d_V  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost =jG?v'X  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost )BlJ|M  
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    '************************************************************************* _jDS"  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) W2n*bNI  
    '************************************************************************* zg7G^!PU  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ;&7,73!  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) '2wCP EC  
    count = 0 Xvq^1Y?  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count R%W@~o\p]  
        GetOperation eID, count, op v<+4BjV!J}  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :r^klJ(m  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ?to1rFrU  
            count=count-1 !(yT7#?hP  
        End If >Pyc[_j  
        count=count+1 bu&;-Ynb
 
    Wend *78)2)=~  
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    'Set new z-shift qdO[d|d  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Vbo5`+NAis  
    op.val1 = tlens hLSTSD}  
    op.parent = parID "]w!`^'_  
    AddOperation eID, op 'hy?jQ'|e  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ?^Pq/V
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    '************************************************************************* psu OJ-  
    'Lens index of refraction @$EjD3Z-  
    '************************************************************************* /'mrDb_ip  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ;raz6DRO  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat HIsB|  
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    mat.Nd = nlens #>"}q3RO  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 5^b i 7J  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens e& p_f<  
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    '************************************************************************* <_>.!9q  
    'Pupil diameter wLpkUa  
    '************************************************************************* p %L1uwLG  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) _HLC>pH~#  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) pFEZDf}:  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" bI#<Ee0nJ  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Yg[ v/[]  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 0~qf-x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) %V31B\]Nz7  
    count = 0 abL/Y23 "  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count RZW$!tyI=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op amMjuyW  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then C1KfXC*|L  
            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 qFrt^+@  
        End If E(% XVr0W  
        count=count+1 6g}^Q?cpV#  
    Wend '/ihL^^@L  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 7Pwg+|  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 *}>Bkq9h  
    op.parent = parID J6eJIKK  
    AddOperation eID, op )@!~8<_"  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam u1tq2"D8  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description cES;bwQ  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) bo&\3  
    GetEntity eID, entity Ica3  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D"
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    SetEntity eID, entity c[&d @  
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    Update $4DFgvy$  
    Print "DONE!" nrF%wH/5  
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End Sub xy$vYDAFw  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ;0;3BH A  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters -E6Jf$  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm I0I_vu  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 TG4\%S$w  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 >sn"  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 #D= tX  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 hK:#+hg,  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 }PtI0mZ1  
Set pupil diameter = 4 A(q~{  
DONE! FTbT9   
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