[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 C)a;zU;9  
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模型 r=J+  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 YAc~,N
 
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 0p31C7!  
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光源 }#<mK3MBe  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 4%GwCEnS  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 D^30R*gV  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 }<9IH%sgF  
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视网膜的散射 TpH-_ft  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Gpb<,v_3  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 G &QGQ  
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脚本 Mjj5~by:  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Aw)I:d7F  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 4/?@%  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ;xQNa}"V  
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分析 uf/4vz,  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 3Jh!YzI8  
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脚本代码 6.'j\  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. @9e}kiW  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY [lz#+~rOS  
Dim op As T_OPERATION Wi+}qO  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL uefrE53  
Dim A As Double 35KRJY#  
Dim pupilDiam As Double .gclE~h.  
Dim eID As Long $V\Dl]a1  
Dim parID As Long NyR,@n1  
Dim count As Integer ?P%-p  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !I jU*c@  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double 7SJbrOL4Q-  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double wM1&_%N  
Dim ok As Long j_{f(.5  
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Sub Main ]R*h3U@5#K  
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    '用户输入对话框 Lyq[gQjr  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 L-DL)
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        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 H{4_,2h=m  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '>k1h.i  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 U62Z ?nge%  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 5q;c=oRUj  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 y!VL`xV  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 u\q(v D.  
    End Dialog Y&j'2!g  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog TZ#^AV=ae  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) pCC3r t(  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed f7b6!R;z_  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 6&;h+;h  
        End (_3QZ  
    End If 7nPjeh  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty +Kp8X53  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then 6>gm!6`  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation zyB>peAp6j  
    Else 5c0$oyl)M  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) g=$nNQ \6=  
    End If S.; ahce  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then '<U4D  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ?=,7'@e  
    Else ~NTKWRaR  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) YQ>O6:%  
    End If ~(`&hYE  
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    Print " " iXLH[uhO;  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" QIfP%,LT  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" aA]wFZ  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation jdkqJ4&i  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness >avkiT2  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Z>[n~{-,p  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Y,
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens j8+>E?nm  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens u%5
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness kZ
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction |S]T,`7u  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ]*D~>q"#\  
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    '************************************************************************* IP^1ca#<  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) P?@o?  
    '************************************************************************* vDyGxU!#\  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,/"0tP&_;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity a1EQ.u  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p^w_-(p  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z LfJMSscfv  
    count = 0 K1w:JA6(  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8\G"I  
        GetOperation eID, count, op `O!yt  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `Ue5;<K-/  
            DeleteOperation eID,count *;l[|  
            count=count-1
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        End If k\RS L  
        count=count+1 X<H{  
    Wend ANfy+@  
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    'Set new shift in )x35  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" c<sq0('`  
    op.val1 = taq q{+}0!o  
    op.parent = parID >>cL"m  
    AddOperation eID, op Gz4LjMQ &  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 DPCQqV|7  
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    '************************************************************************* x`I"%pG  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ND/oKM+?  
    '************************************************************************* -j@IDd
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ]]y4$[|L  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |{RCvm  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 5
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    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 24sQon  
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    '************************************************************************* a5&[O  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens p.H`lbVY  
    '************************************************************************* iBmvy7S?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) o6:@j#b  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic i^8w0H<-@v  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost I:0dz:T7*  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k5*Z@a  
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    '************************************************************************* c7R&/JV  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) VV sE]7P ]  
    '************************************************************************* hLVgP&/E  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) f0YBy<a  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) vu&ny&=`  
    count = 0 16Jjf|]j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count >U?#'e{qW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +{}p(9w@  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then :&LV^A  
            DeleteOperation eID,count Vt-V'`Y  
            count=count-1 @, AB2D  
        End If s>[Oe|`  
        count=count+1 0DN&HMI#  
    Wend ggpa!R  
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    'Set new z-shift :XTxrYt28  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" C%j@s|  
    op.val1 = tlens r{_1M>F D!  
    op.parent = parID yo$A0Ti!w  
    AddOperation eID, op wUfPnAD.'  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens r"p"UW9og  
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    '************************************************************************* %eGD1.R  
    'Lens index of refraction &B++ "f  
    '************************************************************************* [?(qhp!  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) ]7RK/Zu i  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 9*Fc+/  
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    mat.Nd = nlens lwo,D}  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat ,u!_mV  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens 85Kf>z::c  
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    '************************************************************************* gKgdu($NJ  
    'Pupil diameter sDu&9+  
    '************************************************************************* |uX&T`7?-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ''k}3o.K[  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ZmI#-[/  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 2P{! n#"  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens T(k:\z/  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Zc*#LsQh.`  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) V;P*/ke  
    count = 0 `_"?$ v2F  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count gEq6[G  
        GetOperation eID, count, op nE:Wl  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then D2io3Lo$ov  
            DeleteOperation eID,count  q ^Gj IP  
            count=count-1 N]GF>kf:  
        End If u!b0<E  
        count=count+1 7]hRAhJ8I  
    Wend tMo=q7ig  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" #jg3Ku;Y  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 L_!}R  
    op.parent = parID SV^[)p)  
    AddOperation eID, op 6*I=% H|  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 5rJ7CfVq  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description *O-m:M!eA  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (&/~q:a>  
    GetEntity eID, entity v,US4C|^3i  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" `|:` yl  
    SetEntity eID, entity *4l6+#W  
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    Update B""=&(Yu  
    Print "DONE!" \x"BgLSE  
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End Sub 3:b5#c?R-  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： @X_)%Y-^O  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters B5]nP .R  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm }w)wW1&  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 S^~ lQ|D  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 XZ/cREz^s  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 qi8~bQ{rH  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 jYW-}2L  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 &VVvZ@X;  
Set pupil diameter = 4 m\K1Ex  
DONE! rwAycW7  
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