[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 w$`u_P|@E:  
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模型 _k5$.f:Yj<  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 &VxK AQMxN  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. NM1TFs2Y*  
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光源 [n +(  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 ZRUAw,T*  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 .>'J ^^  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 lb]k"L%KU7  
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视网膜的散射 'v@1_HHW\  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 l`];CALA4  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 OmP(&t7  
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脚本 m>b i$Y  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： !v3wl0  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 QpifO  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 y] ~X{v  
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分析 S[uHPYhlA  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 !?)iP  
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脚本代码 F^');8~L  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. R7By=Y!t  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Q_a%$a.rV  
Dim op As T_OPERATION !!t@H\  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL n1c Q#u  
Dim A As Double fKT(.VNq5  
Dim pupilDiam As Double Z8Clm:S  
Dim eID As Long i@d@~M7/  
Dim parID As Long %K]nX#.B&  
Dim count As Integer FdJC@Y-#uA  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ts0K"xmY\c  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double /h%MWCZWm^  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double cl-i6[F  
Dim ok As Long S[M\com'  
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Sub Main !PrO~  
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    '用户输入对话框 #$%gs]  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 +NEP*mk  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 7f td2lv  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 VbX$i!>8  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 f:g<Bz=u)*  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 -nT+!3A8  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 2jx+q  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 Q-&]Vg  
    End Dialog  g^En6n)  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog i&FC-{|Z  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) i]LK,'  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed tg5jS]O  
        Print "Execution cancelled."
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        End #(*WxVE  
    End If Fk(0q/b  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Lou4M  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then {nOK*7+"  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation NI s4v(!  
    Else %dT%r=%Y  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 0I?3@Nz6  
    End If |_2ANWHz  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Ef`LBAfOO  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 0_D~n0rq,v  
    Else X7c*T /  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) '\*Rw]bR|  
    End If qryt1~Dq  
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    Print " " v,i:vT\~  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" '7*=m^pc  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" YJ16vb9  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation -6tF   
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness C${TC+z  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens QT&{M #Ydn  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens Ju9
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens "^D6%I#T  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens cT0g, ^&  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness ( L6`_)  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction d|NNIf  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation }b^lg&$(  
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    '************************************************************************* >SGSn/AJi  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) GQZUC\cB  
    '************************************************************************* V7@xr M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) T+ t-0k  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity vZDQ@\HrC  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 5Q}@Y3 i=  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z vxt^rBA  
    count = 0 =
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Bm7GU
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        GetOperation eID, count, op ]1[;A$7  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then W[m_IY  
            DeleteOperation eID,count WE7l[<b  
            count=count-1 }Tef;8
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        End If 7A|jnm  
        count=count+1 ~EM];i  
    Wend -ur]k]R  
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    'Set new shift in h5gXYmk  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W*m[t&;  
    op.val1 = taq /YbL{G )j}  
    op.parent = parID E)E!  
    AddOperation eID, op >?'FH +2K  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 @6!JW(,]\  
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    '************************************************************************* >8tuLd*T  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens u@EM,o  
    '************************************************************************* ?:nZv< x  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) -CrZ'k;4  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic g3XAs@  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 7e<Q{aB  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant K5lp-F  
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    '************************************************************************* gsp7N  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens NHF?73:  
    '************************************************************************* ,lJ6"J\8.  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) Sv@p!-m  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ]EnaZWyO]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost kk'w@Sn.(  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost >nDnb4 'C  
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    '************************************************************************* %}!}2s.A  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) \ c&)8.r  
    '************************************************************************* }j1Zk4}[x  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) N0[I2'^.  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) h$k3MhYDes  
    count = 0 7nz
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count J#DcT@  
        GetOperation eID, count, op v`BG1&/|  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then H|U/t
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            DeleteOperation eID,count )
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            count=count-1 J\'5CG  
        End If Zbh]OCN  
        count=count+1 Xh"iP%  
    Wend })lT fy  
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    'Set new z-shift gj,J3x4TK/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ; ,<J:%s  
    op.val1 = tlens S "Pj1  
    op.parent = parID v|(b,J3  
    AddOperation eID, op !u}3H
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    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens jYX9;C;J  
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    '************************************************************************* FraW6T}_  
    'Lens index of refraction bV*zMoD#  
    '************************************************************************* KBR0p&MN  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) sC_UalOC_  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat s;7qNwYO  
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    mat.Nd = nlens @:9fS  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat rDX'oP:  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens o`mIi  
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    '************************************************************************* ?_>^<1I1  
    'Pupil diameter <>i+R#u{  
    '************************************************************************* 4F,Ql"ae(  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) (TNY2Ke2 8  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) !5%5]9'n@*  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |;9 A{#zM  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens zk'K.! `^  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 2{B(j&{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) C%
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    count = 0 C<t'f(4s`u  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 8J3@VD.  
        GetOperation eID, count, op +1Rrkok  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^I<T+X+<  
            DeleteOperation eID,count j8Q5d`  
            count=count-1 #;LMtDaL  
        End If Cz@FZb8  
        count=count+1 plx/}ah8  
    Wend M2E87w  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" $7n#\h  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 2K rqY  
    op.parent = parID 4:Xj-l^D  
    AddOperation eID, op +'['HQ)  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam *e3L4 7"G  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description D<bU~Gd,P  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) #W@% K9  
    GetEntity eID, entity
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" =Etwa  
    SetEntity eID, entity =Esbeb7P  
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    Update ?D(FNd  
    Print "DONE!" EARfbb"SG7  
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End Sub jemxky  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据：
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters r2SJp@f  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 6mBDd>`0  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 nR o=J5tY  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 AGEZ8(h  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 +2EHmu
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Set lens thickness = 3.927 :_^0'ULP  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ?..i4  
Set pupil diameter = 4 eA1k)gjE  
DONE! *f`s%&Y]s  
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