[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 , [xDNl[Y|  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 C3^QNhv  
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模型 =#||&1U$  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 #y }{ 'rF?  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. B>}=x4-8  
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光源 KiU/N$E  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 SnsOuC5Ah  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 AvF:$kG  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 dGf:0xE"  
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视网膜的散射 w8$rt  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 dLb9p"EE#  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 Vsh7>|@  
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脚本 rv>K0= t0  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： M>H4bU(  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 B^'Uh+Y  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 NPjh2 AJm  
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分析 5r1{l%?  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 6n9;t\'Gt  
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脚本代码 ('1k%`R%  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. Q8:`;W  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY rTJv>Jjld  
Dim op As T_OPERATION oS'M  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ![O@{/  
Dim A As Double p)M\q fZ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double =}@
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Dim eID As Long qK ,mG{  
Dim parID As Long JM8s]&  
Dim count As Integer G$\2@RT9[  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double H*U\P2C!)  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double bI^zwK,@4  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double USVM' ~p I  
Dim ok As Long *,9.Bx*  
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Sub Main \Yv<TzJ9  
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    '用户输入对话框 A[juzOn\  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 zdA:K25"  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 1\d$2N"  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 }vOUf#^k  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 )=\W sQ  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 SU, t,i  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 +NRn>1]  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 ZyqTtA!A  
    End Dialog YBg
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    Dim dlg As UserDialog b~ ?TDm7  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) T6f{'.w  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed 9E_C u2B  
        Print "Execution cancelled." P9J3Ii!  
        End |dNtM^  
    End If V"VWHAu*.w  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty =5&)^  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then !D%*s,t\'  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation EU,4qO  
    Else bIizh8d?  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) |6B:tw/.  
    End If <W,k$|w  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ,$3  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter e%G-+6  
    Else (?R  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) tH:ea$A  
    End If lf|e8kU\f  
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    Print " " [RD ^@~x  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" *cp|lW!ag  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" wRPBJ-C)  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation sNvT0  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $},:z]%D  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 5?;'26iC  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens [
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens |@nvg>mu  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens .ET;wK  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness U_}$QW0'  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction qoZ*sV  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 18[f_0@ #  
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    '************************************************************************* Qlb@Az  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) u~s'<c+8_  
    '************************************************************************* ys#M* {?  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) n[4Nu`E9  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity S_bay8L1  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ik$wS#1+L  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z x *qef_Hu  
    count = 0 raqLXO!j  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count h.?[1hT4R  
        GetOperation eID, count, op Q|ik\  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gE ,j\M*  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @\"*Z&]8z0  
            count=count-1 8W$="s2  
        End If N!h>fE`  
        count=count+1 .\d0lJSr  
    Wend xJ"Zg]d{  
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    'Set new shift in Qy70/on9  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" |wLQ)y*  
    op.val1 = taq  ;etQ  
    op.parent = parID I2W2B3D` c  
    AddOperation eID, op iit`'}+U  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ; zvnDox  
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    '************************************************************************* Dw#&x/G  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens =#V11j  
    '*************************************************************************
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) B_&PK7vA  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ho20>vw#  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant %nCUct@c  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ^KaMi_--  
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    '************************************************************************* YHA[PF   
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens BdKtpje  
    '************************************************************************* O.E0LCABC  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) *]eZ Y  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic .UYpPuAkn  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost U .Od  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost OZ" <V^"`  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) mr1}e VM~!  
    '************************************************************************* d<Os TA  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) X]fw9tZ  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) (*RybKoaA  
    count = 0 W.|6$hRl)  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count e%U*~{m+  
        GetOperation eID, count, op tTt3D]h(  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 3ngLE
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            DeleteOperation eID,count _PM<25Y,@  
            count=count-1 Q 8rtZ  
        End If qX(%Wn;n  
        count=count+1 `X='g96C1  
    Wend h)rf6*hw  
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    'Set new z-shift .m?~TOR  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" sZ"U=6R  
    op.val1 = tlens F}]_/cY7B  
    op.parent = parID $3'+V_CZ3  
    AddOperation eID, op ql~{`qoD~  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens EY
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    '************************************************************************* U 0RfovJ  
    'Lens index of refraction io{H$ x(  
    '************************************************************************* CS\tCw\Y  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) U"+ ry.3`  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat 1Wk EPj,  
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    mat.Nd = nlens pPqN[OJ  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 1[BvHOI2
 
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens q#&#*6 )B  
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    '*************************************************************************
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    'Pupil diameter B21AcE  
    '************************************************************************* CQHp4_  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) M`P]cX)x  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) g#bu_E61B  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" z|]oM#Gt  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Gr"7w[|+  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fuD1U}c  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) c =N]! ,MO  
    count = 0 gn W~KLqH  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count W B*`zCM  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3.<6;?  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then gLaO#cQ%  
            DeleteOperation eID,count #1't"R+3M  
            count=count-1 ju^"vw  
        End If vYSetAdv  
        count=count+1 BY4  R@)  
    Wend R'9@A\7#  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" ^Em@6fz[  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 L_~I
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    op.parent = parID ^wO_b'@v  
    AddOperation eID, op `F2*o47|t  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Q
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description urrO1  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V8nz-DL{  
    GetEntity eID, entity
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    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D"  UL)"  
    SetEntity eID, entity (pE\nuA\  
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    Update 5y(t`Fmt  
    Print "DONE!" #Z|%0r_~  
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End Sub Iuu<2#gb8"  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： o\@ A2r3  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters  ko=aa5c  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm d`?U!?Si  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 <}28=d  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 OX)#F'Sl}  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 F@=e2e 4  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 $f<eq7rRe  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 +,&m7L  
Set pupil diameter = 4 cy=I0  
DONE! lfxuc7Rdla  
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