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    [分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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    离线infotek
     
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    只看楼主 倒序阅读 楼主  发表于: 2020-12-09
    简介 {xCqz0  
    et}%E9  
    人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 R_B`dP<"~Y  
    "w:?WS  
    模型 !@9G9<NK  
    {qb2!}FQ  
    模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 e#s-MK-Q  
    M`tNYs]V  
    Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
    _qsg2e}n  
    在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ok(dCAKP  
    p>= b|Qy|  
    光源 r;8X6C  
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    多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 !EB[Lut m  
    >M^4p   
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    图1. 光源和提示信息使用
    #pr{tL  
    除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 Q$8K-5U%  
    #SqU>R  
    在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 lFbf9s:$B  
    s> JWNP  
    图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 #GOL%2X  
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    图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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    视网膜的散射 r"&VG2c0K  
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    在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 Wph@LRB]  
    N~+ e\K6  
    maVfLVx-  
    图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
    (X~JTH:e/  
    注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 :Hq#co  
    ]B3f$;W  
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    图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
    tWaM+W  
    脚本 ' oS= d  
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    内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: bL0>ul"  
    E@_]L<Z  
    图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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    图7. 用户对话框编辑器
    [(m+Ejzi%  
    如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 .^V9XN{'a  
    余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 ]La~Bh6;m  
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    分析 6D/K=-   
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    屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 !dGSZ|YZ  
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    图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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    脚本代码 GL'l "L  
    !z2KQ 4C  
    Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. THY=8&x)  
    tO+Lf2Ni+  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 36UUt!}p  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 4KB>O)YNg'  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL raJv$P  
    Dim A As Double S(PU"}vZy  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double 2`U+ !  
    Dim eID As Long ^=[b]*V  
    Dim parID As Long D.*o^{w|  
    Dim count As Integer u{5+hZ  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double qyL!>kZr@  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double Y(B3M=j  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double Wgb L9'}B  
    Dim ok As Long OCEhwB0  
    A.cNOous|  
    Sub Main OE=.@Ry"  
    [Zne19/  
        '用户输入对话框 *9tRh Rc  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 )8%m|v#W  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 d-`z1'  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 '+v[z=.8]  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 B3&C=*y  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 7mA:~-.u  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 dO4J f9)  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 C_;A~iI7  
        End Dialog 47!k!cHa  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog Ru@ { b`  
    "Z)zKg  
        ok = Dialog (dlg) e#!p6+#"  
    }///k]_Sh  
        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Xxr"Gc[  
            Print "Execution cancelled." 7gE/g`"#  
            End EIF"{,m  
        End If nQ#NW8*Fs  
    DLPg0>;jl  
        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty zg$NrI&  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Axw+zO  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation H1r8n$h  
        Else J+m1d\lBu  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) &]O^d4/  
        End If f&!{o=  
    oAgU rl;R  
        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then 1F R  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 1!;4I@W(I)  
        Else v9"03 =h  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) '?1g_C QsS  
        End If M8${&&[;  
    UB w*}p  
        Print " " x:+]^?}r  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ^ /)%s3  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" gWfMUl  
    u1`JvfLrL  
        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ^00C"58A  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 10CRgrZ  
    o]<J&<WM  
        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens qVE <voB8  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens m8Rt>DY  
    {R?VB!dR  
        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens S5[}kfe  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens MB+a?u0\  
    :@~mN7O*  
        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 7*>,BhF#  
    \: R Akf<  
        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction #9t3<H[  
    GYtp%<<9;  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation EzU3'x  
    %*OQH?pyx}  
        '************************************************************************* }(!3)k7*  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Z6#(83G4  
        '************************************************************************* EZ[e  a<  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8;O/x  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity _|7bpt9  
    \hP.Q;"MtO  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) >aT~ G!y  
    p21li}Iu  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z QObHW[:F  
        count = 0 6t3Zi:=I  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count JhvT+"~  
            GetOperation eID, count, op aX? tnDv  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then M:oZk&cs  
                DeleteOperation eID,count %v[KLMo'(  
                count=count-1 ] -%B4lT  
            End If 6Oy6r  
            count=count+1 36}&{A  
        Wend 04:QEC"9mj  
    z\>ZgRi~n  
        'Set new shift in @4$la'XSx  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" .:=5|0m  
        op.val1 = taq )B"E+Q'h{7  
        op.parent = parID XRi37|p  
        AddOperation eID, op A}i>ys  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 ?;ZnD(4?  
    zA| )9Dq  
        '************************************************************************* . dJBv  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Jt3*(+J>/  
        '************************************************************************* :VE0eJ]J6  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) mt4X  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic gUme({h&|  
    Mg&<W#$K  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant ?L6wky{  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant XoGOY|2`6  
    ie7P^:T|+  
        '************************************************************************* yh{U!hG  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens b1yS1i D  
        '************************************************************************* `E |>K\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) k=9k4l  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 3e1%G#fu  
    w@H@[x  
        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 6uxF<  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost I7W?}bR*6  
    f/U~X;  
        '************************************************************************* |{La@X  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 4)Ew rU  
        '************************************************************************* fJ+4H4K  
    _O&P!hI  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) G$2Pny<!  
    l=C|4@  
        ' Delete any z-shift(s) tv5N wM  
        count = 0 h{^MdYJ  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  p]jG ,S  
            GetOperation eID, count, op %DKC/%  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #)4p ,H  
                DeleteOperation eID,count o)8VJ\ &  
                count=count-1 g\H~Y@'{  
            End If !w/]V{9`X  
            count=count+1 rdH^"(  
        Wend gi+FL_8CzU  
    6\? 2=dNX  
        'Set new z-shift $g\p)- aU  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" eF?jNO3  
        op.val1 = tlens +ZkJ{r0,(  
        op.parent = parID " s/ws  
        AddOperation eID, op a!.Y@o5Ku  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens B[5<&  
    /a s+ TU`A  
        '************************************************************************* Rb0{W]opt+  
        'Lens index of refraction qA t#0  
        '************************************************************************* zr wzI+4  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) L%Ms?`i,  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat be [E^%  
    Fe2t[y:8h  
        mat.Nd = nlens c/%GfB[w0  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat f DPLB[  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~|ha9 1  
    k<RaC=   
        '************************************************************************* 9TEAM<b;  
        'Pupil diameter [Bj\h7 G  
        '************************************************************************* $<L@B|}F)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) C1OiMb(:  
    ()<?^lr33  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) NleMZ  
    WUb] 8$n  
        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" iKv"200h(  
    w`atk=K  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 3S @)Ans  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) &td   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) Dy{lgT0k  
        count = 0 xrkR)~ E  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xEufbFAN?  
            GetOperation eID, count, op fM"&=X  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then eKRE1DK  
                DeleteOperation eID,count !P gwFJ  
                count=count-1 [{zfI`6  
            End If ),2|TlQ  
            count=count+1 {D8yqO A}  
        Wend N9~'\O$'7  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" EIF  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 y s[z[  
        op.parent = parID >uFFTik  
        AddOperation eID, op ssl.Y!  
    3;AJp_;  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam DH)E9HL  
    %8>0;ktU  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description  }- wK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) V?~!Dp  
        GetEntity eID, entity orAr3`AR3  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" md lMciP  
        SetEntity eID, entity =&m;5R  
    ,lVQ-qw5  
        Update Sa/]81 aG  
        Print "DONE!" i/ PL!'oq  
         VFKFO9  
    End Sub z&\N^tBv  
    *a-KQw  
    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: yi2F#o 'K  
    Az/B/BLB  
    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 0 qW"b`9R  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm arvKJmD  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 dV /Es  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 V;hO1xfR3&  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 u"8KH u5C@  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 fh` }~ aQ  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 D'#,%4P,e\  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 w%(D4ldp   
    DONE! 7/iN`3Bz  
    Iu^I?c[  
    Z:diM$Z?7  
    QQ:2987619807 ^FZ9q  
     
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