[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?8ZOiY(  
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模型 vpt*?eR  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ,\YlDcl':0  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Pu|PIdu!08  
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光源
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 79m',9{u  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 CcGE4BB  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 $#z ` R;  
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视网膜的散射 P\jnht  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 n(}cK@  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 8fI]QW  
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脚本 +#;t.&\80N  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： Jw+k=>  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 =c-Y >  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。
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分析 z9}WP$W  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 k<Y}BvAYB  
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脚本代码 a<E
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. yQ [n7du  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 'DhH:PR  
Dim op As T_OPERATION ,J@A5/B,AA  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL JEL.*[/  
Dim A As Double mX
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Dim pupilDiam As Double RJ+["[k  
Dim eID As Long e{Y8m Xu  
Dim parID As Long <rKfL`8p  
Dim count As Integer a_T3<  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double Fkvf[!Ci  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double zObrp  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double j^T i6F>f  
Dim ok As Long s7Z+--I)L  
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Sub Main )N'-Ap$g  
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    '用户输入对话框 pba`FC4R  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 BO%aCK&  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0  Z,"f2UJ  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 kSfNu{YS  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 .4cVX|T  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 N51e.;  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 q; ?Kmk  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 my}l?S[2d@  
    End Dialog )*`cJ_t  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog P+Q}bTb8  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) lD-HQd  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ]r(&hqdR  
        Print "Execution cancelled." \c\z 6;j  
        End (7 O?NS  
    End If 0F-%C>&g  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty 3
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    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then -}C
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        A = 0           'Default accommodation oXgi#(y  
    Else _@D"XL#L  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) V6!1(|  
    End If hQ80R B  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then ?m\? #  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 2DXV~>  
    Else TMG|"|  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 0x2[*pJ|IW  
    End If @=6*]:p2.  
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    Print " " =`OnFdI  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" 5_[we1$P  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 3y}8|ML  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation I\~sE Jwj  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Xk9 8%gv  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens uhvn1"  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens oqa8v6yG'  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens h1+y.4   
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens HXb_k1n  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness Jy P$'v~  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction -J;;6aA  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation B&"c:)1 C2  
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    '************************************************************************* G<
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) Hn}m}A  
    '************************************************************************* c@x6<S%*  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) XaH;  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity giHqc7-PaX  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) f>[{1M]n\  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 5"&=BD~D  
    count = 0 |e91KmiqJ  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count v<vaPvW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op jP\5bg
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        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then nk"nSXm3SR  
            DeleteOperation eID,count ]92=PA>75  
            count=count-1 9dFo_a*?  
        End If  tPChVnB  
        count=count+1 V?- ]ZkI  
    Wend ltlnXjRUv  
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    'Set new shift in g4Nl"s*~
 
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" F./P,hhN9  
    op.val1 = taq \u*[mrX_B:  
    op.parent = parID h$#|s/  
    AddOperation eID, op 
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    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 df{6!}/(  
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    '************************************************************************* /hYFOZ  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens  ->'xjD  
    '************************************************************************* J@qwz[d i  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ) ):w`^6  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic tja7y"(]  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 1IN^,A]r2h  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 3 (F+\4aRm  
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    '************************************************************************* ~iJ@x;`  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens oO9yI^  
    '************************************************************************* %=)%$n3=-M  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) s1J(-O  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic i2!0bY  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost {2LG$x-N%  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost hw1J <Pl*  
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    '************************************************************************* J+=?taZ  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) %$F_oO7"  
    '************************************************************************* "\qm+g  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) S"%W^)mZ  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) 9'A^n~JHF  
    count = 0 @;Xa&*  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ^-,@D+eW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op > QK"r7f/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }LryRcrD-n  
            DeleteOperation eID,count R(IYb%L  
            count=count-1 vAzSpiv-  
        End If MS& 'Nj  
        count=count+1 iZ9ed]mf  
    Wend lI;ACF^  
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    'Set new z-shift T&->xef=  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" U,V+qnS  
    op.val1 = tlens Sz>Lbs  
    op.parent = parID Mh=j^ [4Q  
    AddOperation eID, op _CG ED{b@  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens #,;Q|)AD:e  
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    '************************************************************************* Z<`:xFy(  
    'Lens index of refraction :_pn|  
    '************************************************************************* X{P=2h#g  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) 9lB$i2G>Zw  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat bf6:J `5Z  
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    mat.Nd = nlens T=VBKaSbU  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 0?=a$0_C  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens m:c .dei5  
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    '************************************************************************* VJgYXPE `  
    'Pupil diameter _z53r+A  
    '************************************************************************* Xn%O .yM6  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) ,=dc-%J  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) FBS]U$1  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 3+H[S#e:Z  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens %wN*Hu~E
  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6!v$"u|[!'  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) w/@ tH  
    count = 0 ]p8<Vluv  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count URj2 evYW  
        GetOperation eID, count, op uuYeXI;  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ["15~9
  
            DeleteOperation eID,count N_?15R7h  
            count=count-1 15M!erT  
        End If N 'YzCq;M  
        count=count+1 X;CRy,  
    Wend 6)_h'v<|M  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" 64t:  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 a$$aM2.2  
    op.parent = parID w6|l ~.$=  
    AddOperation eID, op 4c@_u
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam FA1h!Vit  

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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description _xr@dK<   
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) g:Ry.=F7W  
    GetEntity eID, entity nT=XWM  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" S.!K  
    SetEntity eID, entity =J'&.@Dwz  
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    Update *&~ '  
    Print "DONE!" X08[,P#I  
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End Sub -V=,x3Zew  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： =,Z5F`d4  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters lA n^)EL  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm uLrZl0%HT~  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 C#P7@JE  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 VMw[M^  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 JdX!#\O  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 E51S#T  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 I$*LMzve  
Set pupil diameter = 4 \ \gAa-}:  
DONE! E6#")2C~  
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