[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 R/YqyT\SM  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 y)@wjH{6  
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模型 77Y/!~kd  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 ]=BB#  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. 7@Qcc t4A  
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光源 ktIFI`@w)  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 })%{AfDRF  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 t6c4+D'{].  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 >(<f 0  
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视网膜的散射 e
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 !N^@4*  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 
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脚本 5^Zg>I  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： *-X[u
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 HzJz+ x:  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 6A ah9  
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分析 7tp36TE  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 "dlVk~  
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脚本代码 E{(;@PzE  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. *^`Vz?g<  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY Zd+bx*rD  
Dim op As T_OPERATION t{>q|0  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL wd6owr  
Dim A As Double  D%Z|  
Dim pupilDiam As Double dh\P4  
Dim eID As Long ,zc(t<|-y  
Dim parID As Long |W^IlqTH  
Dim count As Integer l,).p  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !r-F>!~  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double gqR(.Pu  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double \)e'
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Dim ok As Long *zLMpL_  
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Sub Main KPki}'GO  
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    '用户输入对话框 $[|mGae  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 +ge?w#R  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 6u%&<")4HP  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 +C)~bb*  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 fQFk+C  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 '"Nr,vQo  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 A}!J$V:w]  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 vQ.R{!",>  
    End Dialog 2<6UwF  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog TA\vZGJ('  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) (k P9hcV  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Nboaf  
        Print "Execution cancelled." 4ppz,L,4  
        End  :11 A  
    End If zm# ?W  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty -g<oS9   
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then >mkFV@`  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation ,: ^u-b|  
    Else ~M$Wd2Th  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) YYS0`  
    End If fV~~J2IK  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then $Kd>:f=A  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 'fW-Y!k%  
    Else ;@
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        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) +ai< q>+  
    End If tX[WH\(xI  
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    Print " " MOC/KNb  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" R-14=|7a-  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" u:b=\T L  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation k{0o9,  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness 4!$"ayGv;D  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens 8EY:tzw  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens |a@L}m  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Ca-j?bb!  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens [Qr"
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness @|!z9Y*  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction P2Y^d#jO  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation ?ubro0F:  
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    '************************************************************************* q(}bfIf  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) `mqMLo*  
    '************************************************************************* kVL.PY\K  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 2rMpgV5  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity ,?3G;-  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) jdBLsy@  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z .V*^|UXbHi  
    count = 0
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    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count g&.=2uP  
        GetOperation eID, count, op iQ{VY ^ 0  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r*Xuj=  
            DeleteOperation eID,count @pxcpXCy  
            count=count-1 @|r{;'  
        End If Mp]rU
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        count=count+1 8ipez/  
    Wend 4\i[m:e=@  
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    'Set new shift in 7o4\oRGV  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" fR|A(u#9  
    op.val1 = taq Ep}s}Stlr}  
    op.parent = parID ,vDbp?)'U  
    AddOperation eID, op 54/=G(F  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 IK]d3owA  
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    '************************************************************************* ctUp=po  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens Y$zSQ_k;U  
    '************************************************************************* +n)9Tz5  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) OKV8zO  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ;\]@K6m/Ap  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Je{ykL?N  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant q:(%*sY>  
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    '************************************************************************* ww/Uzv  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 6nQq  
    '************************************************************************* *](iS  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 6wxs1G  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic |{8Pb3#U  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost .u:GjL'$  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost "oD[v  
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    '************************************************************************* ZW}_DT0  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) }'.m*#Y  
    '************************************************************************* oQ#8nu{k  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 9gFUaDLo  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) Uv.)?YeGh  
    count = 0 pUTr!fR  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count "fI6Cpc  
        GetOperation eID, count, op d5.4l&\u  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then r,udO,Yi=c  
            DeleteOperation eID,count w@b)g  
            count=count-1 yw!{MO  
        End If Fp:'MX  
        count=count+1 E3i4=!Y  
    Wend w &(ag$p'  
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    'Set new z-shift FtZ?C@1/  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ei|\3Kx  
    op.val1 = tlens yLGRi^d#  
    op.parent = parID q@&6#B  
    AddOperation eID, op xmX 4qtAL  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens /mMV{[  
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    '************************************************************************* :
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    'Lens index of refraction ,>M[@4`,U  
    '************************************************************************* g :OI  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) Th%zn2R B  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat Kgv T"s.  
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    mat.Nd = nlens  <Uur^uB  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat 9z0p5)]n>  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens G6/m#  
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    '************************************************************************* C}X\|J  
    'Pupil diameter 4W])}C%  
    '************************************************************************* !W\+#ez  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) SKtrtm  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) mR~&)QBP.  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" R/_&m$ZB  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens @c#(.=  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) B1gR5p0  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) @L`jk+Y0vF  
    count = 0 ,_P-$lB  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count edD)TpmE,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op H::bwn`Vc  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jylD6IT  
            DeleteOperation eID,count <$YlH@;)`a  
            count=count-1 E{\2='3\  
        End If )_:NLo:  
        count=count+1 xoL\us`A  
    Wend teP<!RKNb  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" NRuNKl.v  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 8(De^H lO  
    op.parent = parID jCY%|  
    AddOperation eID, op z{543~Og59  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <%^&2UMg  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description Om<a<q  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 7^Uv7<pw  
    GetEntity eID, entity sT.ss$HY9,  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" iCoX&"lb  
    SetEntity eID, entity QPx^_jA  
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    Update y7{?Ip4[  
    Print "DONE!" 0J|3kY-n>  
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End Sub _aphkeqd  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： ^OdP4m( >>  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters ;a/E42eN;  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm {:s f7  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 x^ni1=kU  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 `^vE9nW7  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 mDWG7Asp  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 \['Cj*ek  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 VTM/hJmwJ  
Set pupil diameter = 4 +q4O D$}  
DONE! aXVFc5C\  
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