MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 8\;, d
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction %qcCv9
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector :sw5@JdJ
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices ,]\cf
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images PW@ :fM:q
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens FrMXf,}
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) |};d:LwX
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope 9Pg6,[*u
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma a4u y}@9z
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation .}F
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11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves $G <r2lPy
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical nN$.^!;&
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light L[44D6V g
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) ~I N g9|
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction .4ww5k>
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary [ BdRx`
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems o.Ww .F
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses fwUv FK1G
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) j +'ua=T3
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect M
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22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging F
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23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution 7>im2"zm
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems i<m)
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26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
