MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 M/ \~
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction +eat ,3Ji
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector Ho9*y3]
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices "lMWSCas
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images $(hZw
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens 1 6{;24
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) UcIR0BYa
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope v8=MO:>{R
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma S+ x [1#r
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation \Bf{/r5x
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves * tqeq y-X
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical *V+fRN4 W
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light }zLE*b,
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) +<#-52br\
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction v7RDoO]I
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary z oX F"Nz
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems V!4E(sX
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses #6 nA^K}
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) p_5+L@%Gb
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect 8A=(,)`}9
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging f5eX%FR
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution oWT0WS
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems Z%{2/mQ
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
