MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 j@GMZz<
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction Qi= rhN`
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector 7 w>"M
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices +bdkqdB9
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images )@R:$l86
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens LaN4%[;X1-
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) "5{Yn!-:
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope (g7nMrE$j
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma ;lYO)Z`3\
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation !PUhdW
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves ei\X/Z*q%P
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical 8^dGI9N
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light Z]w_2- -
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) v|{*y
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction y*uL,WH
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary ZmmuP/~2K
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems HoRLy*nU
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses g-+p(Ll|
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) xZ;';}&pj
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect yt !K|g
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging M\`6H8aLn
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution |I OTW=>
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems 3g- }k
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
