MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 \Z20fh2
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction ^:DhHqvK
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector 1L8ULxi_?]
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices J xm9@,
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images no NF;zT
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens jne9=Als5
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) ]H#Rm#q
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope C2rj ]t
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma KM}4^Q c
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation ` .(S #!gw
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves C6UMc}
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12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical '0')6zW5s
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light }u_EXP8M
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) w2N3+Tkg
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction ESxC{
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16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary B9I Xa;
17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems A?D"j7JD=L
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses =j+oKGkoCa
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) %}MA5 t]o
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect r@[VY g~
22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging GGc_9?h
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution MIlCUk
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems E`uaE=Md q
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
