"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith :_[cT,3
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition =S7C(;=4
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1 Introduction m{=~| I
1.1 Lens Design Books nr9#3 Lb
1.2 Reference Material AK\g -]8
1.3 Specifications 1) kl
1.4 Lens Design 0kr & c;~
1.5 Lens Design Program Features y0y;1N'KK
1.6 About This Book UOL%tT
*ytd.^@r
2 Automatic Lens Design Gp p}Jpj
2.2 The Merit Function sOtNd({
2.3 Local Minima )<&CnK
2.4 The Landscape Lens
8 $*cfOC
2.5 Types of Merit Function /JY ph^3][
2.6 Stagnation ?ia[KLt"
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing \#*;H|U.x
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization -,C ndRKx
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems Jj _+YfIM
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits L08 ;z
2.11 Spectral Weighting ,i(( ;/O 6
2.12 How to Get Started Ognq*[om
_ .
3 Improving a Design [g
68O*
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques \(7# N<-
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) w5JC 2
3.3 Splitting Elements Qmh(+-Mp(
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet vWfef~}~
3.5 Compounding an Element l4.@YYzbp.
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses n7YWc5:CaL
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem :usBeho
3.8 Balancing Aberrations f(ec/0W
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle T%vbD*nt.
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces tf}Q%)`f
Tqh Rs
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design $">NW&
i(
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation .&!{8j BX
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance c!FjHlAnP
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations !suiqP1\*
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function YY>Uf1}*9
4.5 Fabrication Considerations OL+40 J
NGD2 z.
5 Lens Design Data +P;D}1B#I?
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs L |G k}n
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots ia lk6i![
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign ,]N%(>ot
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF g <5Pc,
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots +}Wo=R}
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot FQ ^^6Rl
%l P
6 Telescope Objective bM_(`]&*
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet . T>}O0L"
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective J]YN2{(x
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 2gI_*fG1
6.4 Spherochromatism QnAf A%
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration <^N j~+G'
6.6 Induced Aberrations i*E`<9
6.7 Three-Element Objectives <"P
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) HWAqJb [
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 8WQ%rN={8
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design M!i5StGC
6.11 A Final Note 85~h+Q;
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers jmNj#R@t
7.1 Eyepieces dNt|"9 ~&
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs @z RB4d$
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces Hmd:>_[f
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular {j@)sDM X
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces -$ft `Ih
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces *<j @+Ch
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 9\0 K%LL
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces A^pp'{ !.
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats D/`E!6Fk=
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats '$^ F. 2
8.2 Glass Choice :*nBo
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations H)+kN'J
8.4 Other Design Considerations Ol0|)0
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens Z9^ $jw]
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet [SvwJ IJJ
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet EKD >c$T^
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses YTit=4|
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces O{R5<"g
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness N^N?!I
k| o,gcU
9 Split Triplets 7T Bo*-!
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets 21 j+c{O
10.1 The Classic Tessar u K5Px!
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac pwC/&bu
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Xlw=R2`)~
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets v a;wQ~&
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar ufPQ~,.
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats ?O ?~|nI
11.1 Meniscus Components z\5Nni/~6D
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon zl?N1>K S
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ]f~YeOB@
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses N8vl<
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11.5 The Split Dagor {`Z)'G\`
11.6 The Dogmar [9^e
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11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens RJ44o>L4O
o3kj7U:'x
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens e{:qW'%
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version XQ+hTtP
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens d:''qg z`
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet
n9Yk;D2
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet '3->G/ Pu
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 5?MvO]_
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar 1gJ!!SHPo
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay +s}28U!
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13 Telephoto Lenses vGw}e&YI
13.1 The Basic Telephoto ^S|^1
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses Y."[k&P-
13.3 Telephoto Designs 8=9sIK 2
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch o*xEaD
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses .Dmvgi]
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 3R><AFMY?
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens jGCW ^#GE
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses IM/\t!*7
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses H <yec"
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses )J0V B't
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens &Te:l-x
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens L8 J/GVmj
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener o<4LL7$A!
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses
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16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems .Yx. Lm}
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17 Microscope Objectives f@mM&e=f
17.1 General Considerations \=<.0K A~
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front z 4go a2@Z
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives !l|Qyk[
17.4 Reflecting Objectives /MC\ !,K
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs SccU @3.X~
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems Yy}aQF#M
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors +}Pa/8ybJ
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems U
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems t-W n@a
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems mx yT==E
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 1"k@O)?JP
18.6 Unobscured Systems pK`rm"6G
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” pqK3u)
rd RX
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems slx^" BF^
19.1 Infrared Optics khfE<< $=
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ol\IT9 Zb~
19.3 IR Telescope .H&;pOf
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders LtQy(F%8/
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems O\w%E@9Fh
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses mR^D55k
>X F@=J p
20 Zoom Lenses }bVyvH
20.1 Zoom Lenses w~9gZ&hdp
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras 3,?y !
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens 9` muk
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens ]V_9 [=%
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure k|V{jB G"@
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses 8yo9$~u ;
21.1 Projection TV Lenses F-Ea85/K@4
21.2 Macro Lenses ?9mY #_Of
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses HUJ $e2[
22.1 Monochromatic Systems j405G4BVW
22.2 Scanner Lenses Q pX@; j
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses ]k 8XLgJ
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23 Tolerance Budgeting ~-6;h.x=
23.1 The Tolerance Budget TCEb z8ql
23.2 Additive Tolerances (_ T&2%
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget TuU.yvkU
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24 Formulary !EFd- fk
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions %(E6ADB
24.2 The Cardinal Points $lqV(s
24.3 Image Equations S:d ` z'
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) k"Is.[I?^
24.5 Invariants tx@Q/ou`\P
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) ~AO0(L p
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships iT%UfN/q=I
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions $ `
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 5s>9 v
24.10 Stop Shift Equations +a|4XyN
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces YS ]RG/'
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) Ov9.qNT
W% P&o}'
j% nd
Glossary f,1rmX1
Reference ji2#O.
Index
