"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith 3<^Up1CaZ
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition NuQ!hu h
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1 Introduction D m0)%#
1.1 Lens Design Books 5IF5R#
1.2 Reference Material `"=>lu2H
1.3 Specifications Lm 4`O %
1.4 Lens Design dkw.o.e
1.5 Lens Design Program Features n&:ohOH%
1.6 About This Book O^MI073Q>t
9)oi_U.
2 Automatic Lens Design _2jL]mB
2.2 The Merit Function [on_=N{W[
2.3 Local Minima \78E>(`'
2.4 The Landscape Lens F LW VI4*
2.5 Types of Merit Function \n[kzi7
2.6 Stagnation !_ W/p`Tc
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing fd
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2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization JVIFpN" `
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems &4:R(]|
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 9G/!18 X?f
2.11 Spectral Weighting #yH+ENp0
2.12 How to Get Started 8ao-]QoMZ
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3 Improving a Design &[[r|
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ]CzK{-W
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) ooVs8T 2
3.3 Splitting Elements yJI~{VmU7
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet i% 1UUI(W
3.5 Compounding an Element bG]0 |
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses 3:iEt (iCI
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem |,$&jSe
3.8 Balancing Aberrations N0p6xg~
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle EIRDH'[L
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces e{E\YEc
:(A&8<}-6
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design NA0nF8ek
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation i%FC
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4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance vclc% ws
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations 8{ZTHY -
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function 86{>X5 +
4.5 Fabrication Considerations , '0#q
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5 Lens Design Data ?b+Y ])SJK
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs xq((]5P y
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots "OenYiz
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign {IgH0+z
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 8J Y0]G6
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots J N/=x2n.
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot -~]H5 er`
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6 Telescope Objective (vG*)a
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet S($/Ov
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective f]i"tqoI
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective -yf8
6.4 Spherochromatism v":q_w <k
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration M#gxi N
6.6 Induced Aberrations DO(};R%=
6.7 Three-Element Objectives Oo
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6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) or*{P=m+R
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 9K@ I
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design Kzrd<h]`)
6.11 A Final Note SZW_V6 \t>
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers x#`p.sfVo
7.1 Eyepieces P gA<pfEHE
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs _[R(9KyF0f
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces n0lOq
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular U\P4ts
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces )9n W `d+
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces dNgA C){w
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier s>/Xb2 \
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces i3 eF_
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats ym|7i9
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats !A n?<Sv$
8.2 Glass Choice OWibmX
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations ycBgr,Ynu<
8.4 Other Design Considerations kf' (u..G
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens v ;\cM/&5
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet "<=4]Z
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Ef`'r))
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses W^8
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces Da 7(jA+
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness &9flNoNR9
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9 Split Triplets nod&^%O"
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets F\r"Y)|b=
10.1 The Classic Tessar 1Rd|P<y
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac #$Zx ].[lc
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens L (yUS)O
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets u9 &$`N_G
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar :2KHiT5
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats dE"_gwtX
11.1 Meniscus Components O5r8Ghf )
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon '! ^7 *@z
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens =Q<VU/
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses
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11.5 The Split Dagor d3q%[[@
11.6 The Dogmar ]B )nN':
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens LY0f`RX*&
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens PV#h_X<l%
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 7nT|yL?
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens Jpduk&u
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet
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12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet zH~P-MqC
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element 6agq ^wI
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar JxinfWk
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay _S{TjGZ&
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13 Telephoto Lenses e$s&B!qJ
13.1 The Basic Telephoto !!Ww#x~k$[
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses >s5}pkAv|e
13.3 Telephoto Designs Az@@+?,%Y
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch W7n^]~V
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses ~T;:Tg*
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle \'Ca1[y@B
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens #Gi`s?
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses %j^QK >%
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses :lXY% [!6P
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses zd%f5L('
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens [ifw}(
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens CtMqE+j^
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener BlpyE[h
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16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ZY,$oFdsi
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems 9~`#aQG T
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17 Microscope Objectives }k t%dDU
17.1 General Considerations
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 0]5X Tc3r
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives N
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17.4 Reflecting Objectives ~E 6sY
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs R=.?e l
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems iA{q$>{8
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors t #(=$
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems |aenQA#
18.3 Catadioptric Systems ) A*53>JV
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Hl X~a:.7
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids O\f`+Q`0
18.6 Unobscured Systems |a03S Zx
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” B Evt{q4
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems d 8;kM`U
19.1 Infrared Optics Iq%<E:+GL
19.2 IR Objective Lenses d;>G
19.3 IR Telescope n@tt.n!{l
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders 1|8Bv0-b
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems Psf'^42(v
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ^[SW07o~
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20 Zoom Lenses Y7 +c/co
20.1 Zoom Lenses f tM lm_u
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras g"" 1\rc=
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens MS#" TG/)
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens %Qz<Lk">.
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure I(7 GVYM
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses R"XycXn_$
21.1 Projection TV Lenses W*s=No3C
21.2 Macro Lenses 41=H&G&
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ]v}W9{sY
22.1 Monochromatic Systems r'nPP6`
22.2 Scanner Lenses 7:F0?l*
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses NV?x<LNWd
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23 Tolerance Budgeting Y [)mHs2
23.1 The Tolerance Budget rAtCG1Vr
23.2 Additive Tolerances yCR8 c,'8
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget {,uSDI Oj$
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24 Formulary 9=$ p V==
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions 5cf?u3r!qJ
24.2 The Cardinal Points [xY-=-T*4
24.3 Image Equations |WS@q'
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) Q?T+^J
24.5 Invariants yw:%)b{
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) u9Adu`
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships VF11eZ"
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ;]xc}4@=mg
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs ]:@{tX 7c
24.10 Stop Shift Equations HaL'/ V~
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces Wn 6m$ =
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) uSYI
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H (K!{k
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Glossary HOu$14g
Reference g&$5!ifgi
Index
