"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith !4R WYMV "
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition rC% *$g $
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1 Introduction z uad~%D<I
1.1 Lens Design Books ;kQhx6Z
1.2 Reference Material ox~o J|@
1.3 Specifications 4y?n
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1.4 Lens Design b9J_1Gl]
1.5 Lens Design Program Features 1>_8d"<Gd
1.6 About This Book Vp z\.]
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2 Automatic Lens Design ^A$Zw+P
2.2 The Merit Function 3vN_p$
2.3 Local Minima VU(v3^1"
2.4 The Landscape Lens
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2.5 Types of Merit Function gjwn7_
2.6 Stagnation uM IIYS
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing + T1pJ 89P
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization EoR}Af
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems EzM
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2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ZF9z~9
2.11 Spectral Weighting XkE`U5.
2.12 How to Get Started l'-Bu(
*SDs;kg
3 Improving a Design *xxx:*6rk;
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques ?} tFN_X"
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) df4A RP+
3.3 Splitting Elements {9&;Q|D z
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet x_N'TjS^{
3.5 Compounding an Element 9}!qR|l3nR
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses /tx]5`#@7]
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Eex~xiiV
3.8 Balancing Aberrations
NI76 U
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle |^"1{7)
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces [I,Z2G,Jb
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design "Y
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4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation wo;~7K
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance dk#k bG;
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations s^G.]%iU
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function |}s* E_/[
4.5 Fabrication Considerations [2!w_Iw'
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5 Lens Design Data C\Wmq
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5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs {0Yf]FQb-a
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots p J!
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5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign !21FR*
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF vA F
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5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots Q^9_' t}X
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot Jy` B!S_l
Fx_z 6a
6 Telescope Objective _/s$ZCd
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet ~zJbK. _
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective :1. L}4"gg
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ul6]! Iy
6.4 Spherochromatism ~tS Z%q
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration .=7vI$ujd
6.6 Induced Aberrations w>s,"2&5J
6.7 Three-Element Objectives i4Q@K,$
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) V5 nwu#
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet T "}5}6rSG
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design O_ muD\
6.11 A Final Note 1Kw+,.@ d
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers x/I%2F
7.1 Eyepieces JQ_sUYh~3
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs ,GhS[VJjR
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces iJ)_RSFK
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular kYP#SH/
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces <y('h I'
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces +6M}O[LP
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier "rALt~AX
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces "+R+6< "
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats aB 2F C$z
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats h9&0Z +zs
8.2 Glass Choice U/66L+1
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations V# }!-Xj
8.4 Other Design Considerations g]l'' 7G
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens h lvK5Z
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet +5g_KS
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet @muRxi
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses n:I,PS0H<
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces z> 1Pz(
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness ]`!> 6/[
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9 Split Triplets ;>U2|>5V
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets > y m,{EHK
10.1 The Classic Tessar K e;E1S-~
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac %OL$ 57Ia
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens b"<liGh"n-
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets TM__I\+Q
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar %vn"{3y>rF
6fE7W>la
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats e-})6)XgA
11.1 Meniscus Components !,_u)4
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon K C*e/J
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens x xHY+(m
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses 5zK4F raf
11.5 The Split Dagor >mbHy<<
11.6 The Dogmar v ,i%Q$
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens t4."/ .=+
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens m +`c S=-.
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version )J o: pkM
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens <`8n^m*
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet o*+" |
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet ]#i igPZ7
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element nmee 'oEw
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar x /(^7#u,
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay Y,qI@n<
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13 Telephoto Lenses ]? c
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13.1 The Basic Telephoto ; }I:\P
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses ^) /0yB
13.3 Telephoto Designs ?.m bK
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch + )AG *
d(ZO6Nr Q
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses L RxZcxmy
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle udK% >
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens !NK1MU?T)
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses ;DQ ZT
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ]6,\ r"
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses J/`<!$<c
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens Ot0a p$ &
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens Xz 6<lLb
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener #Qw0&kM7I
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses ^ 'MT0j
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems o+iiST JEe
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17 Microscope Objectives |w~nVRb
17.1 General Considerations /obfw ^
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front oi7@s 0@
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives |u % )gk
17.4 Reflecting Objectives *gb*Lhg O
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs b<[Or^X
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems LtF,kAIt7v
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors 0@0w+&*"@
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 4/ ~E4"8
18.3 Catadioptric Systems AEI>\Y
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems H064BM
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids 'T;P;:!\
18.6 Unobscured Systems ,$ L4dF3
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” s*KhF'fN
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems GTPHVp&y
19.1 Infrared Optics 5J.bD)yrP
19.2 IR Objective Lenses IVnHf_PzF
19.3 IR Telescope
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders +zN-!5x
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems HXC ;N p
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses \[i1JG
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20 Zoom Lenses F@jZ ho
20.1 Zoom Lenses PcMD])Z{G
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras &ee~p&S,>
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ;6
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens QD&`^(X1p
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure J7 $5s
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses :A_@,Q
21.1 Projection TV Lenses =_*Zn(>t`
21.2 Macro Lenses ?3`UbN:
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses Xf]d. :
22.1 Monochromatic Systems x_Y!5yg
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22.2 Scanner Lenses :uS\3toj
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses CI 0C1/:@
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23 Tolerance Budgeting r.&Vw|*>
23.1 The Tolerance Budget ? pmHFlx
23.2 Additive Tolerances <8&au(I,vB
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget A2Ed0|B y
9d659i C
24 Formulary FIhk@TKa
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions >Eto(
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24.2 The Cardinal Points kd(8I_i@
24.3 Image Equations O Rw,)l
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) DU'`ewLL7
24.5 Invariants Af2( 5]
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) :J@ gmY:C
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships R4cM%l_#W
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions bl;1i@Z*M
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs =z69 e%.
24.10 Stop Shift Equations n0 {i&[I~+
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces 3z?> j]
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) :Yh+>c}N
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Glossary lvz7#f L~
Reference Y eo]]i{
Index
