"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith )^
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition h-DHIk3/
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1 Introduction *JZ lG%z
1.1 Lens Design Books bHQ) :W
1.2 Reference Material Xv+,Z<>iQ
1.3 Specifications `^|l+TJG
1.4 Lens Design ]Qe"S>,?`
1.5 Lens Design Program Features FuG;$';H75
1.6 About This Book RrdLh z2N
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2 Automatic Lens Design 8Y:x+v5
2.2 The Merit Function
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2.3 Local Minima 3PlIn0+LX
2.4 The Landscape Lens 7}`FXB
2.5 Types of Merit Function yet ~
2.6 Stagnation \9 `.jB~<
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing $)d34 JM
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization Z*=$n_
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2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 3 rR 1/\
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits ;s -@m<
2.11 Spectral Weighting } y vH)q
2.12 How to Get Started \ _?d?:#RD
9Q'[>P=1
3 Improving a Design ,sT5TS
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3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques Zay%QNsb
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) RE1M4UV.
3.3 Splitting Elements *,~L_)vWO
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet c0;rvw7
3.5 Compounding an Element "2p\/VfA
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses L\V`ou
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem u'T-}95 V
3.8 Balancing Aberrations }Kn
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3.9 The Symmetrical Principle /!qP= ngw9
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 7
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design 0& ?L%Y
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation #T@k(Bz{L
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance +r&:c[
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations NK'@.= $
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function ZT8LMPC
4.5 Fabrication Considerations |sEuhP\A3
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5 Lens Design Data g's !\kr
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs 6YV"H
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots O%haaL\
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign 6Nt/>[
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF 9ExI,
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots $\|Q+ 7lQ
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot /)`]p1c1%w
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6 Telescope Objective lxr;AJ(
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet L27WD m^)
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective b=U3&CV9
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective 6 N:Ps8Hg
6.4 Spherochromatism USS%T<Vk
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration hljKBx ~
6.6 Induced Aberrations 7_jlNr7uk
6.7 Three-Element Objectives :,g]Om^
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) |~PaCw8-ge
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet 6As%<g=
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 67
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6.11 A Final Note pf%; *
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers 9!kp3x/`
7.1 Eyepieces <q>d@Foi
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs `S.I,<&
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 6>
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7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular yz5! >|EB
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces L#J2J$ =
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces vU]n0)<K B
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier Y*\N{6$2
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces 7#NHPn
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8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats e s~1@Jb
8.2 Glass Choice p \9}}t7n
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations 8R:Glif
8.4 Other Design Considerations 1N:~5S}s>
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens t`R{N1
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet O:GAS [O`
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet E@n~ @|10
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses +|7N89l
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces ^E:-Uy
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness xR|^{y9n
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9 Split Triplets fOME&$=O
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10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets Bq1}"092
10.1 The Classic Tessar VJFFH\!`
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac xU Cq%r_
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens ^8J`*R8CL
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets )rt%.`
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar xI~A Z:m
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11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats {
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11.1 Meniscus Components ,<)D3K<
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon ZoSyc--Bv
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens "Dc\w@`E 0
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses CV_ M |
11.5 The Split Dagor !c1M{klP
11.6 The Dogmar F& m9G >r
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens }f 14# y;
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12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens x[&<e<6
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version 4>LaA7)v
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens X!mJUDzh]
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet 1q3"q Y H
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet zy nX9t
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element hayJgkZ '
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar VB#&`]r do
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay 4Orq;8!BW
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13 Telephoto Lenses 8q9ATB-^>
13.1 The Basic Telephoto JbS[(+o
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses aq8./^
13.3 Telephoto Designs (V\N1T,f
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch *hJWuMfY,
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14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses U B~ -$\.
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle :KA)4[#;W
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens $/tj<++W
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses b;5j awG
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses wet[f {c
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16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses iLN UydiS
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens 1[u{y{9 q
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens doHE]gC2Uz
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener s x ph #E%
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses {*TB }Xsr,
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems bhIShk[
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17 Microscope Objectives B["+7\c<~
17.1 General Considerations
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17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 3Il._]#
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives v[{7\Hha
17.4 Reflecting Objectives k{{3nenAG
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs v<g=uEpN
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems @6tczU}ak
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors gh\u@#$8
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems TK[[6IB
18.3 Catadioptric Systems +y8Y@e}>
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems Y6H?ZOq
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ~jzLw@"~$^
18.6 Unobscured Systems xH{-UQ3R
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” -Yh(bS
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19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems Z_4%Oi
19.1 Infrared Optics 9N)I\lcY
19.2 IR Objective Lenses N {Z+
19.3 IR Telescope UhL1Y
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19.4 Laser Beam Expanders tP*K t'4W
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems z,x
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19.6 Microlithographic Lenses h
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20 Zoom Lenses LO)!Fj4|
20.1 Zoom Lenses `N.:3]B
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20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Z' y &11
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens =<p=?16
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20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens R2a99# J
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure XX%K_p`&Z
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses E
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses JZ`h+f At
21.2 Macro Lenses @0 P4pt;(
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses 9 ?O8j1F
22.1 Monochromatic Systems G"J
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22.2 Scanner Lenses @W/k}<07
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses cl `Wl/Q#
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23 Tolerance Budgeting eT3!"+p-F
23.1 The Tolerance Budget WA43}CyAe
23.2 Additive Tolerances abUO3
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23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget {\0V$#q
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24 Formulary b/
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24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions ?Ce=h+l
24.2 The Cardinal Points YCltS!k
24.3 Image Equations )AkBo
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) n:/!{.
24.5 Invariants
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24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) >wmHCOL:
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships dt "/4wCO
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions 9]l I?j]o
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs ax vZA :l
24.10 Stop Shift Equations Y` ]P& y
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces JFX}))7
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) c(
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Glossary WXmfh
Reference Q R"+fzOL
Index
