"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith jZa25Z00
~@%(RMJm&
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition NV&;e[z
v]66.-
1 Introduction XXXljh6
1.1 Lens Design Books :L]-'\y
1.2 Reference Material ,`D/sNP,q
1.3 Specifications vAi"$e
1.4 Lens Design UE"7
1.5 Lens Design Program Features Lqg]Fd
1.6 About This Book USE [N
5_v5
2 Automatic Lens Design XQK^$Iq]V
2.2 The Merit Function $X`bm*
2.3 Local Minima _i-\mR_~
2.4 The Landscape Lens 1W*V2`0>
2.5 Types of Merit Function Z/xV\Ggx
2.6 Stagnation w-J"zC
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing s;s0}Td_1
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization YQN.Ohtv*F
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems }bZ
8-v
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits M#ZT2~+CT
2.11 Spectral Weighting >g=^,G}y
2.12 How to Get Started uH$oGY
OO-_?8I}
3 Improving a Design pV8[l) J
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques 7kdeYr~<1
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) T&]Na
3.3 Splitting Elements Y^4q9?2G
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet |4=ihB9+
3.5 Compounding an Element "";=DH
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses ^Fn%K].X
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem Hyf"iYv+
3.8 Balancing Aberrations -jFP7tEv
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle d60c$?"]a(
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 2v4W6R
N5yJ'i~,M
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design X|,["Az
8
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation FzVZs#O
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance z23#G>I&
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations \Ps5H5Qk;
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function tbg*_ZQO u
4.5 Fabrication Considerations ^s=*J=k
2_wvC
5 Lens Design Data w:v=se"U
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs ]{<saAmJC
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots }*h47t}
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign Zgy7!AF!
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF aFyh,
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots >d#3|;RY
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 0Yp>+:#
*-6?
6 Telescope Objective M%3Wy"YQ,n
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet w#sq'vo4%
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective +N7"EROc
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ?HV }mS[t
6.4 Spherochromatism oooS s&t
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration C\OECVT
6.6 Induced Aberrations wE?CvL
6.7 Three-Element Objectives
>9{zQf!
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) #,TELzUVE
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet "w9`cz9a~J
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design qIz}$%!A
6.11 A Final Note 7_KXD#
7|Xe&o<n
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers S"Kq^DN
7.1 Eyepieces oXdel
Ju?
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs W+K.r?G<j
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 07FT)QTE
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular f}2;N
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces <*_o0;h|
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces ^zgacn
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier ,m:L2 -J@
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces Dm^l?Z
GB=bG%Tb
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats )nOE8y/
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats TtZ}"MPZ
8.2 Glass Choice jQ|:I7y
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations m<3w^mww
8.4 Other Design Considerations Kr]z]4.d@
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens J+|/-{g
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet N}DL(-SQ3
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet Q ?^4 \_
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ]+ZM/'X
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces {yS;NU`2
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness r8,om^N6
M$H `^Pv
9 Split Triplets #|?8~c;RWG
l
sr?b
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets D"!jbVz]*
10.1 The Classic Tessar x6v,lR
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac 5{X*a
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens Bzw19S6y
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets M*(H)i;s:w
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar q/x/N5HU
ot }6D
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats @Z q[e
11.1 Meniscus Components 0m
A(:"
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon +`Pmq}ey
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens c0ZaFJ
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses dlR_ckp
11.5 The Split Dagor r^5jh1
11.6 The Dogmar (;ADW+.`J
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens n}q$f|4!
zN")elBi
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens 9@'4P
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version TF2KZL#A|
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens I .P6l*$
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet H%z/v|e6
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet *)D1!R<\,R
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element vBoO'l9'M
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar T?rH
,$:
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay w.^yP7:
=$&&[&
13 Telephoto Lenses * |KVN
13.1 The Basic Telephoto UP8{5fx'
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses .&|L|q}
13.3 Telephoto Designs F 7LiG9H6`
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 9!#EwPD$#
kceyuD$3G
s[X
B#)H4
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses r6
}_H?j
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 6|#g+&[
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens U&W"Ea=R/
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses lDN?|YG
zJCEA
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses ^Xs]C|=W
%b?uW]j:
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 6$RpV'xz
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens taDQ65
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens .iT4-
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener [K:29N9~4
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses |,sMST%
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems o;J;k_[MX
5g0_WpO
17 Microscope Objectives V.VJcx
17.1 General Considerations 5@f5S0 Y
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front r?3Aqi"
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives l1r_b68
17.4 Reflecting Objectives wOg,SMiq
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs i}lRIXjdV
-;Uj|^
18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems >rf5)Y~f
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors (p,}'I#i*
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems 8Z8Y[p
18.3 Catadioptric Systems C6^j#rl
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems .8H}Lf\
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids u"Fjw F?
18.6 Unobscured Systems 9rcI+q=E
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” >>7aw" 0
sE9Ckc5
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems BS2?!;,8
19.1 Infrared Optics nk/vGa4
19.2 IR Objective Lenses Y/lN@
19.3 IR Telescope ti9}*8
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders P
{H{UKs#
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems vr4S9`,
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses
] .5OX84
'9q6aM/&
20 Zoom Lenses WQKj]:qk0
20.1 Zoom Lenses +)gB9DoK
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras E474l
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens ])N%^Qe$U
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens I%xn,u
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure aR)?a;}H
MZ~.(&
21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses o^GC=Aca`
21.1 Projection TV Lenses .'lN4x
21.2 Macro Lenses Sk=N [hwU
KY+]RxX
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses j)L1H*
S%
22.1 Monochromatic Systems &yLc1#H
22.2 Scanner Lenses \]8i}E1
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses @a(oB.i
ym%o}(v-
23 Tolerance Budgeting D9o*8h2$
23.1 The Tolerance Budget n(R_#,Hs
23.2 Additive Tolerances o](.368+4
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget tIGs>, a=
?v.Gn9Z&
24 Formulary H\+-cvl
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions . r`[
24.2 The Cardinal Points =l,#iYJP8
24.3 Image Equations _}ele+
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) ,sI35I J
24.5 Invariants ) b:4uK
A
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) e/94y6*>
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships P(;Mb{
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions C3.=GRg~l
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs bl.EIyG>
24.10 Stop Shift Equations TzrW
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces HNMBXXf,B
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) DL4iXULNY
#r}uin*jD
Vp7b4n<
Glossary )!,@m>0v{
Reference usH%dzKK
Index