"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith xG Y!r"[
S$R=!3* "V
Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition uH 7rt
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1 Introduction K;s`
1.1 Lens Design Books /k^j'MMQs6
1.2 Reference Material RU=g|TL
1.3 Specifications EG8z&^O x
1.4 Lens Design 7Wiwnv_"
1.5 Lens Design Program Features aO9\8\^
1.6 About This Book A e2Y\ sAV
66+]D4(k
2 Automatic Lens Design g u' +kw
2.2 The Merit Function m}: X\G(6Q
2.3 Local Minima \,:7=
2.4 The Landscape Lens =
1d$x:
2.5 Types of Merit Function 2(e;pM2Dq
2.6 Stagnation Pl# u ,Y
2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing 1hV&/Qr
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization $U. 2"
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems 8
?:W{GAo
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits 5"q{b1
2.11 Spectral Weighting _n4`mL8>kH
2.12 How to Get Started !ue h%V Ky
w> Ft5"z
3 Improving a Design C)9- {Yp
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques a<+Rw{
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) 5`K'2
3.3 Splitting Elements ,c;#~y
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet 6G-XZko~a
3.5 Compounding an Element U^-J _ yq
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses *S4&V<W>
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem T).}~ i;!
3.8 Balancing Aberrations [r'hX#
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle =umF C[. W
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces 6e}T
zc\@(
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4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design }2Im?Q
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation +yHzp
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance CyB 1`&G>
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations Rob: W|
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function '6 4/2x
4.5 Fabrication Considerations /T 6Te<68^
xelh!AtE
5 Lens Design Data nXxnyom,
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs jar?"o
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots )MX%D Qw
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign .=c@ps
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF sn@)L ~$V
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots tfe'].uT
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot %]O #t<D
\OK}DhY#
6 Telescope Objective ^AUQsRA7PZ
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet 0upZ4eN
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective '_g *I
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective i{J[;rV9
6.4 Spherochromatism 8mX:*$qm:
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration /J,&G:
Er
6.6 Induced Aberrations m :]F &s
6.7 Three-Element Objectives (Pt*|@i2 c
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) zH @+\#M
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet {Z[kvXf"mZ
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design 23q2u6.F`
6.11 A Final Note L +)mZb&
,z0E 2
7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers dBW#PRg
7.1 Eyepieces bHHR^*B
7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs -%t8a42
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces uYc&Q $U
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular \<y#$:4r<8
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces yhyh\.
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces y"nC T3
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier s|"4!{It
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces "QY~V{u 5
.>( qZ EF
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats I,l zyxRP
8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats wtGb 3D"am
8.2 Glass Choice +Nka, C^O"
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations "S&1J8D|
8.4 Other Design Considerations y? 65*lUl
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens V0:d b
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet ?T_hK
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 5d82M s
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses ]PXpzruy
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces 83"C~xe?p4
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness
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/M_kJe,%
9 Split Triplets hzX&BI
SCMZ-^b
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets Qp>Q-+e0
10.1 The Classic Tessar \V.U8asfI
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac DZ|/#- k
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens yAVt[+0
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets ~3m}
EL
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar eYRm:KC
F ? TmOa0
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats cK+)MF Ou+
11.1 Meniscus Components a^&3?3
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon N&lKo}hk
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens ZbcpE~<a
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses '
9
11.5 The Split Dagor u\G\KASUK%
11.6 The Dogmar Z7R+'OC
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens OKzk\F6
ZsYT&P2
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens R2[!h1nZ
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version B LhuYuON
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens rhvsd2 zi
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet Mxe
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet u8@>ThPD
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element uc;QSVWGy8
12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar ^zaN?0%S33
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay bpe WK&
1Y Mu\(
13 Telephoto Lenses RpY#_\^hI
13.1 The Basic Telephoto Yt;.Z$i ,
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses -n~VMLd?@
13.3 Telephoto Designs Z? -l -s K
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch 7e&%R4{b
Zx]"2U#
K<+h/Ok
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses 3^zO G2
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle ) 4'@=q
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens JEes'H}Y
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses Gwkp(9d
FeFH_
15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses |bz,cvlP
W
WChJ
<[]W
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses 8~|PZ,oZ
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens P1ab2D
16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens izi=`;=D^
16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener ),)]gw71QW
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses oFV >b
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems Kq';[ Yc
b=+'i
17 Microscope Objectives *^u5?{$l(
17.1 General Considerations qzqv-{. h
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front `D%bZ%25 c
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives SpY%2Y.Dy
17.4 Reflecting Objectives L[*Xrp;/&
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs HIi 5kv]}|
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems 6 l>$N?a
18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors m>6,{g)
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems ^1S(6'a#
18.3 Catadioptric Systems JQ8wL _C>
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems v7/ qJ9l
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids `:A`%Fg8<
18.6 Unobscured Systems !285=cxz
18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” yg gQ4y6
dg 4 QA_"
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems i9oi}$;J
19.1 Infrared Optics iVt6rX
19.2 IR Objective Lenses ?t+Kp 9@aZ
19.3 IR Telescope nrMm](Y45
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders ;%AK< RT
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems >T4.mB7+>
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses snV,rZ
yla&/K;|*
20 Zoom Lenses Xb=9~7&,$
20.1 Zoom Lenses g#1_`gK
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras Llk4 = p
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens [(P m\o
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens $aX}i4 F
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure #|34(ML
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses
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21.1 Projection TV Lenses =$IjN v (?
21.2 Macro Lenses hof:+ aW
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22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses ] w(i,iJ
22.1 Monochromatic Systems 2hl'mRW
22.2 Scanner Lenses U a x- z
22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses hd.^ZD7
QdL
;|3K9
23 Tolerance Budgeting o@r+Y
23.1 The Tolerance Budget B8:_yAv o
23.2 Additive Tolerances 70l" [Y
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget `6b!W0$
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24 Formulary Ym5q#f)|
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions auqM>yx
24.2 The Cardinal Points TDdFuO'}
24.3 Image Equations *?K3jy{
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) j9sf~}D>
24.5 Invariants [Zk|s9
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) !L+*.k:
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships v W
0m%
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions CEE`nn
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 52BlFBNV
24.10 Stop Shift Equations {mMrD 5
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces impzqQlZ,
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) P7(+{d{
veg \A+:'
_H|x 6X1-
Glossary vDz)q
Reference T% Vii*?M
Index
