"Modern Lens Design" 2nd Edition by Warren J. Smith K4OiKYq
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Contents of Modern Lens Design 2nd Edition `9acR>00$
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1 Introduction $JiypX^DOP
1.1 Lens Design Books [|(=15;
1.2 Reference Material #E_<}o
1.3 Specifications C8}
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1.4 Lens Design \\`(x:\
1.5 Lens Design Program Features r,P`$ -
1.6 About This Book va0}?fy.O%
? Q"1zcX
2 Automatic Lens Design gE8>o:6)6:
2.2 The Merit Function &{ZUY3
2.3 Local Minima 8T"kQB.Zv
2.4 The Landscape Lens $|AasT5w
2.5 Types of Merit Function WDt 6{5T
2.6 Stagnation V$dhiP
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2.7 Generalized Simulated Annealing +/hd;s$x
2.8 Considerations about Variables for Optimization `dRqheX
2.9 How to Increase the Speed or Field of a System and Avoid Ray Failure Problems A!R'/m'VG
2.10 Test Plate Fits, Melt Fits, Thickness Fits and Reverse Aberration Fits eAG)+b
2.11 Spectral Weighting `X<a(5[vV3
2.12 How to Get Started `^h: } V
Hk=HO|&<XB
3 Improving a Design 'UC1 !Z
3.1 Lens Design Tip Sheet: Standard Improvement Techniques a TPq1u
3.2 Glass Changes ( Index and V Values ) j@{dsS: 6
3.3 Splitting Elements W mx3@] <
3.4 Separating a Cemented Doublet [c v!YE
3.5 Compounding an Element (D{J|
3.6 Vignetting and Its Uses Y) l=r^Ap>
3.7 Eliminating a Weak Element; the Concentric Problem `Io#440;
3.8 Balancing Aberrations ACpecG
3.9 The Symmetrical Principle j}6h}E&dEr
3.10 Aspheric Surfaces DD`DU^o<
Z{?T1 =n
4 Evaluation: How Good is This Design pX1Us+%
4.1 The Uses of a Preliminary Evaluation 1X9J[5|ll
4.2 OPD versus Measures of Performance UKPr[
4.3 Geometric Blur Spot Size versus Certain Aberrations t=fP ^bJ
4.4 Interpreting MTF - The Modulation Transfer Function @|e
we. r
4.5 Fabrication Considerations 3jHg9M23[^
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5 Lens Design Data 6E.[F\u
5.1 About the Sample Lens Designs (*AJ6BQWa
5.2 Lens Prescriptions, Drawings, and Aberration Plots l r@w 1*
5.3 Estimating the Potential of a Redesign `g 0^ W/ j
5.4 Scaling a Desing, Its Aberrations, and Its MTF "F4 3q8 P
5.5 Notes on the Interpretation of Ray Intercept Plots YGRb|P-
5.6 Various Evaluation Plot 08! _B\
Hx!eCTO:*
6 Telescope Objective 5hTScnL%
6.1 The Thin Airspaced Doublet kfZ(:3W$
6.2 Merit Function for a Telescope Objective 8~ &=vc
6.3 The Design of an f/7 Cemented Doublet Telescope Objective ew]G@66
6.4 Spherochromatism m!=5Q S3Z
6.5 Zonal Spherical Aberration 1qBE|P wBp
6.6 Induced Aberrations q+cD
6.7 Three-Element Objectives DfVJ~,x~
6.8 Secondary Spectrum (Apochromatic Systems) WZh_z^rwn
6.9 The Design of an f/7 Apochromatic Triplet
eC L_c>3!
6.10 The Diffractive Surface in Lens Design C
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6.11 A Final Note nq~fH(QY
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7 Eyepieces and Magnifiers -)R
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7.1 Eyepieces 15yiDI
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7.2 A Pair of Magnifier Designs 2b-g`60<
7.3 The Simple, Classical Eyepieces 'yV*eG?^&
7.4 Design Story of an Eyepiece for a 6*30 Binocular /XU=l0 u
7.5 Four-Element Eyepieces Kf_xKW )^
7.6 Five-Element Eyepieces 0)ZLdF_6
7.7 Very High Index Eyepiece/Magnifier 2A9crL $
7.8 Six- and Seven-Element Eyepieces afzx?ekdF
o2q-x2uB
8 Cooke Triplet Anastigmats 7>0u
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8.1 Airspaced Triplet Anastigmats y O,J gn
8.2 Glass Choice G;EJ\J6@Yw
8.3 Vertex Length and Residual Aberrations L4 bYVTm|
8.4 Other Design Considerations {3kz\FS
8.5 A Plastic, Aspheric Triplet Camera Lens e ,lLHg
8.6 Camera Lens Anastigmatism Design “from Scrach” – The Cooke Triplet 7S=,#
8.7 Possible Improvement to Our “Basic” Triplet 4jZB%tH
8.7 The Rear Earth (Lanthanum) Glasses N
Z ,} v3
8.9 Aspherizing the Surfaces yK$aVK"
8.10 Increasing the Element Thickness OhlK;hvdB*
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9 Split Triplets #,1z=/d.
0,Ib74N'w
10 The Tessar, Heliar, and Other Compounded Triplets a'. 7)f[g}
10.1 The Classic Tessar k GYsjhL\d
10.2 The Heliar/Pentac `"<hO
'W U
10.3 The Portrait Lens and the Enlarger Lens md!!$+a%|
10.4 Other Compounded Triplets 9Oo`4
10.5 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Tessar and Heliar sLXM$S MBh
zmL
VFGn S
11 Double-Meniscus Anastigmats po,U e>n/
11.1 Meniscus Components \7 pEn
11.2 The Hypergon, Totogon, and Metrogon `H$=hr
11.3 A Two Element Aspheric Thick Meniscus Camera Lens z%iPk'^
11.4 Protar, Dagor, and Convertible Lenses rm$d v%q
11.5 The Split Dagor lNt xM"G&
11.6 The Dogmar 5h0Hk<N
11.7 Camera Lens Anastigmat Design “from Scratch” – The Dogmar Lens kqxq'Aq)d
c_?^:xs:d
12 The Biotar or Double-Gauss Lens -K H"2q
12.1 The Basic Six-Element Version jZ:/d!$S
12.2 28 Things You Should Know about the Double-Gauss/Biotar Lens X.[bgvm~C
12.3 The Seven-Element Biotar - Split-Rear Singlet AE~@F4MK
12.4 The Seven-Element Biotar - Broken Contact Front Doublet 5 6.JB BZZ
12.5 The Seven-Element Biotar - One Compounded Outer Element B3u/
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12.6 The Eight-Element Biotar dNF_ T?E\
12.7 A “Doubled Double-Gauss” Relay X( rXRP#
9=}[~V n
13 Telephoto Lenses z8]@Gh+
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13.1 The Basic Telephoto ,S(s
13.2 Close-up or Macro Lenses gA }<Y
13.3 Telephoto Designs M X 7Ix{
13.4 Design of a 200-mm f/4 Telephoto for a 35-mm Camera from Scratch s S#/JLDx]
ZkQ6~cM
MI ^$df
14 Reversed Telescope (Retrofocus and Fish-Eye) Lenses b-#lKW so
14.1 The Reverse Telephoto Principle 4cM0f,nc+
14.2 The Basic Retrofocus Lens H W,v "
14.3 Fish-Eye, or Extreme Wide-Angle Reverse Telephoto, Lenses BHYguS^ qz
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15 Wide Angle Lenses with Negative Outer Lenses +zq"dj_
0Q?%B6g$m[
16 The Petzval Lens; Head-up Display Lenses D!/ 4u0m
16.1 The Petzval Portrait Lens %#eQN
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16.2 The Petzval Projection Lens =Y6 W
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16.3 The Petzval with a Field Flattener T!>h Pg
16.4 Very Height Speed Petzval Lenses vCSC:
16.5 Head-up Display (HUD) Lenses, Biocular Lenses, and Head/Helmet Mounted Display(HMD) Systems ~{5v a
@G=7A;-pv0
17 Microscope Objectives N5ZO pRH{
17.1 General Considerations _>kc:
17.2 Classic Objective Design Forms; The Aplanatic Front 5|N`: h'9M
17.3 Flat-Field Objectives ITTEUw~+o
17.4 Reflecting Objectives "` cP V){]
17.5 The Microscope Objective Designs 3o/f, }_
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18 Mirror and Catadioptric Systems ; '
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18.1 The Good and Bad Points of Mirrors VP^Yf_
18.2 The Classic Two-Mirror Systems Zv=pS
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18.3 Catadioptric Systems /IJy'@B
18.4 Aspheric Correctors and Schmidt Systems YM'4=BlJHv
18.5 Confocal Paraboloids ?eX/vqk
18.6 Unobscured Systems i20y\V
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18.7 Design of a Schmidt-Cassegrain “from Scratch” qQG? k~r
ag47 $9(
19 Infrared and Ultraviolet Systems JS%LJ _J
19.1 Infrared Optics HiU) q
19.2 IR Objective Lenses 6o \uv
19.3 IR Telescope q >>1?hzA
19.4 Laser Beam Expanders qm:C1#<p
19,5 Ultraviolet Systems X9]} UX
19.6 Microlithographic Lenses ryh"/lu[B
kh2TD xa&
20 Zoom Lenses ) 5$?e
20.1 Zoom Lenses C ~@m6K
20.2 Zoom Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras ,*d8T7T
20.3 A 20X Video Zoom Lens L3xN#W;m7
20.4 A Zoom Scanner Lens YW/V}C'>
20.5 A Possible Zoom Lens Design Procedure -)')PV_+
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21 Projection TV Lenses and Macro Lenses t[>UAr1Vt
21.1 Projection TV Lenses tp7$t#
21.2 Macro Lenses tcv(<0
ckY#oRQ1
22 Scanner/ , Laser Disk and Collimator Lenses B>!mD{N
22.1 Monochromatic Systems jK*d
22.2 Scanner Lenses I #O"<0
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22.3 Laser Disk, Focusing, and Collimator Lenses SE^l`.U@
S\A0gOL^
23 Tolerance Budgeting 2sk7E'2(
23.1 The Tolerance Budget Fb%?qaLmCv
23.2 Additive Tolerances d<Q%h?E
23.3 Establishing the Tolerance Budget LDHu10l
8zj&e8&v
24 Formulary K RT&]2
24.1 Sign Conventions, Symbols, and Definitions A-=hvJ5T
24.2 The Cardinal Points la-:"gKC
24.3 Image Equations (&/ 4wI^M
24.4 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Surface by Surface) C12 V_)~2
24.5 Invariants fK+E5~vQ
24.6 Paraxial Ray Tracing (Component by Component) Komdz/g
24.7 Two-Componenet Relationships ``VE<:2+
24.8 Third-Order Aberrations – Surface Contributions ,
ftJw
24.9 Third-Order Aberrations – Thin Lens Contributions; The G Sum Eqs 9S}rTZkEq
24.10 Stop Shift Equations ~i?A!
24.11 Third-Order Aberrations – Contributions from Aspheric Surfaces ny1O- `!1
24.12 Conversion of Aberrations to Wavefront Deformation (OPD) ZlMT) ~fM&
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+ynhN\S$/
Glossary ui# nN
Reference .qZz 'Eq[
Index
