[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 $IUT5Gia`  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 b P4R  
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模型 j#Bea ,  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 V)f/umT%g  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. nO,<`}pV  
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光源 Qt+ K,LY  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Qf6Vj,~N  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。 /RIvUC1  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 A<ur20  
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视网膜的散射 ))K3pKyb  
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 >MauuL,.j  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 t5\~Z}G8  
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脚本 [nZ3}o  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： K@)Hm\*  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 ,edX;`#  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Uf}s6#  
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分析 R^.E";/h  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Mj&q"G  
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脚本代码 w] i&N1i  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. _z4c7_H3  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY 6 9_etv  
Dim op As T_OPERATION M0YV Qa  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 9+k7x,  
Dim A As Double 2R66 WKQ  
Dim pupilDiam As Double t
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Dim eID As Long ~>2@55wElp  
Dim parID As Long 2I(b ad  
Dim count As Integer .Zv@iL5  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double e<2?O  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double A\nL(Nd  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double FH:^<^M  
Dim ok As Long E%@,n9T~"  
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Sub Main 'id]<<F  
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    '用户输入对话框 "Qj;pqR  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 K:hZ  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 FRqJ#yd]  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 =|_:H$94  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 7VQ|3`!<  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 cBs:7Pnp%  
        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 AJ1(q:P  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 f"My;K$l;  
    End Dialog Y%eFXYk.  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog 53=5xE= `D  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) "5:^aC]  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed -]HPDN,OB  
        Print "Execution cancelled." M#ED49Dh>  
        End k@vN_U
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    End If 0wL-Ak#v  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty iG*@(  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then WxO2  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation 2IDN?Mw  
    Else 9+><:(,  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) av|r^zc  
    End If m?wPZ^u  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then /BeA-\B  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G- nS0Kn:  
    Else A9qbE  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) ^I2+$  
    End If wyG7SA  
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    Print " " W:s`;8iM$  
    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" :K J#_y\rt  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" y*ux7KO  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ;J<K/YdI  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness $646"1S  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens W`auQO  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens qkHdr
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens NmbA~i  
    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens fSR+~Vy  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness O>FE-0rW}e  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction W_JFe(=3,  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation 9UbD=}W  
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    '************************************************************************* xcf`i
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    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) xhq-$"B  
    '************************************************************************* 5SOl:{A+  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) p>9-Ga  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity )H HBf<  

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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) p0r:U<&  
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z 4n}tDHvd  
    count = 0 M9*#8>  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count xJ=@xfr$  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 3fdx&}v/  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then Qg^Ga0Lf6  
            DeleteOperation eID,count o=%pR|  
            count=count-1 cZVVJUF  
        End If l:'\3-2a  
        count=count+1 ;&K +x@  
    Wend 6!&DH#M  
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    'Set new shift in 3]z%C'  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" * |dz.Tr  
    op.val1 = taq >5%;NI5 G  
    op.parent = parID PjxZ3O  
    AddOperation eID, op 4ju=5D];  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 z+~klv3  

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    '************************************************************************* k/lU]~PE  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 8? U!PW  
    '************************************************************************* j o+-  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) vGIe"$hNh  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic s+omCr|H;A  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant gS VWv9+  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant IGKtugU%  
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    '************************************************************************* eI@nskq#  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens AP:(/@K|  
    '************************************************************************* LtK= nK  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" )
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic AJJa<c+j  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost WL#E%6p[  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost g]mR
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    '************************************************************************* \OlB(%E7  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) J^y}3ON  
    '************************************************************************* Md5|
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) 8aMm
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) UgP  
    count = 0 E&_q"jJRi  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count SJai<>k h  
        GetOperation eID, count, op # 9@K  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then b;2[E/JKB  
            DeleteOperation eID,count iTu~Y<'m  
            count=count-1 X{BS]   
        End If f [DZ  
        count=count+1 YLU.]UC  
    Wend ;x
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    'Set new z-shift ]fdxpqz  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" h(4&!x  
    op.val1 = tlens AK_,$'f  
    op.parent = parID %8hx3N8>  
    AddOperation eID, op V/@7XAt  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens v"v-c!k  
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    '************************************************************************* %Mxc"% w  
    'Lens index of refraction jiGXFM2  
    '************************************************************************* 0/4"Jh$t  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) k )=Gyv<  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat ][V@t^  
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    mat.Nd = nlens 'mm~+hp  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat :={rPj-nU  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens k"pN  
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    '************************************************************************* DPM4v7 S  
    'Pupil diameter g><itA?  
    '************************************************************************* *!c&[
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    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) u$Ty|NBjn  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) /$=<RUE  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" qbq.r&F&  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens Fu\!'\6  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Cb i;CF\{  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) '&<saqA  
    count = 0 pp1kcrE\M  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count K]H [A,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "Gc\"'^r  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ]?*L"()kp  
            DeleteOperation eID,count xDO1gnH%  
            count=count-1 z`2Ais@ao  
        End If CSVL,(Uw  
        count=count+1 du>d?  
    Wend |576)  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" W@p27Tiq  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 D`hg+64}  
    op.parent = parID 6vr8rJ-  
    AddOperation eID, op rL23^}+^`  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam K0^Tg+U($p  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description #%{x*y:Ms  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) P,*yuF|bk  
    GetEntity eID, entity "YoFUfaNg  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" LLU]KZhtY|  
    SetEntity eID, entity 5]F4.sa  
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    Update 7$A=|/'nSA  
    Print "DONE!" 7f]O /  
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End Sub P:k!dRb9{  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： sL4+O P-
 
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters jVInTR0f[  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm Gi Max  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 oA`G\Xh_E  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 .,
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Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 3bZ:*6W.6  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 M2piJ'T4u  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 G`R_kg9$  
Set pupil diameter = 4 ZL+46fj  
DONE! 3fq'<5 ^  
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