[分享]Arizona眼睛模型 [复制链接]

简介 -[-Ry6G  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备，光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型：Arizona眼睛模型，在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述：《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源，并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 atWB*kqI  
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模型 wVY;)1?  
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模型的定义如表1种所示，由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度（A）来决定。 Q5pm^X._j  
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的，光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. Ehf3L |9  
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光源 +Y|HO[  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 M}W};~V2ng  
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处，并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建，规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射，而不是在光瞳处入射。
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度，使其为4（250mm），光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 5N4[hQrVJ  
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视网膜的散射 'hw_ew   
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在散射文件中，有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射，它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射，改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 /]*#+;;%  
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义，在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳，半角度10度。 p$A`qx<M_  
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脚本 Q&Ox\*sMK  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框，如下图所示： 9AROvq|#  
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如果“OK”按钮按下，将会核对对话框下面的代码行，如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量，如果此处是保留为空白，则使用默认值。因此，如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮，则脚本是以屈光度为0，光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 63?fn~0\  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 wf8GH}2A  
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分析 K?o}B  
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屈光度为4，光瞳直径为4mm，字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 (~>L \]!  
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脚本代码 {!C';^  
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Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. VIxt;yE  
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Dim entity As T_ENTITY vQ}'4i8(  
Dim op As T_OPERATION =Xc[EUi<;g  
Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL c=T^)~$$  
Dim A As Double Sr`gQ#b@r}  
Dim pupilDiam As Double zaVDe9B,7  
Dim eID As Long sgn,]3AUq  
Dim parID As Long U&mJ_f#M  
Dim count As Integer @lP<Mq~]  
Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double ?wR;"  
Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double G'<J8;B* t  
Dim curv As Double, conic As Double aO]0|<2 j  
Dim ok As Long AE)<ee%\\  
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Sub Main y^gazr"  
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    '用户输入对话框 #(53YoV_8  
    Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 4C;4"6  
        TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 rZy38Wo  
        Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 o4b!U%  
        OKButton 40,91,90,21 _=_]Yx  
        CancelButton 190,91,90,21 b-
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        Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 PomX@N}1  
        TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 :ji_dQ8k  
    End Dialog pQxaT$  
    Dim dlg As UserDialog byv(:xk|'e  
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    ok = Dialog (dlg) dyjzF`H  
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    If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed daaEN(  
        Print "Execution cancelled." -0Q:0wU  
        End ~$f+]7  
    End If '!!w|kd  
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    'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty q0 :Lb  
    If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then X9nt;A2TU+  
        A = 0           'Default accommodation :rb<mg[  
    Else -uiZp !  
        A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) u
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    End If }(-R`.e;  
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    If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then +b]g;  
        pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ' %OQd?MhL  
    Else {W}.z  
        pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) x!q$`zF\\  
    End If >#R<*?*D}  
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    Print " " $.(>Sj
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    Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" >.PLD} zE_  
    Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" g!7/iKj:  
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    ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation IR>^U  
    taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness ?N#mD  
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    Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens MyuFZ7Q4$  
    CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens K3?7Hndf2  
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    Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens tCK
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    CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens #HB]qa  
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    tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness >i]r,j8!  
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    nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction v4(!~S  
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    'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation E$f.&<>T  
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    '************************************************************************* 8;.WX  
    'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) +"T?.,  
    '************************************************************************* R{@WlkG}  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) kwK<?\D  
    GetCustomElement eID, entity 52K3N^RgR  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) `#2}[D   
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    ' Delete any shift(s) in z hp,bfcM  
    count = 0 pF#nj`L  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ,/|"0$p2x  
        GetOperation eID, count, op 8@Xq ,J  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then &iL"=\#  
            DeleteOperation eID,count qJVW :$1q  
            count=count-1 #+QwRmJdT!  
        End If I8`@Srw8  
        count=count+1 0NZg[>H  
    Wend !iCY!:  
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    'Set new shift in .'p_j(uv  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" =wPl;SDf!  
    op.val1 = taq D^I%tn=F  
    op.parent = parID G*mk 19Z  
    AddOperation eID, op ?A2#V(4  
    Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 WWc{]R^D  
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    '************************************************************************* }X)mZyM[  
    'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens QgC  
    '************************************************************************* ; @-7'%(C  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) yiS
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    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Sh*LD QL<?  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant y0M^oLx  
    Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant d5\w'@Di  
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    '************************************************************************* QK%{\qu  
    'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens w8kp6_i'  
    '************************************************************************* g,7`emOX  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) ~0!s5  
    GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic :7<spd(%"  
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    SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost ]P<u^ `{*  
    Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost M8ZpNa  
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    '************************************************************************* 1xar L))  
    'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) /^G1wz2  
    '************************************************************************* H@qA X  
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    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) CQW#o_\  
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    ' Delete any z-shift(s) GP<A v1  
    count = 0 i!LEA/"V  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count MVs@~=  
        GetOperation eID, count, op ZC@ 33Q(  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ly7\H3  
            DeleteOperation eID,count d0"Hu^]  
            count=count-1 (q59cAw~X  
        End If Z
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        count=count+1 (Gp/^[.%&  
    Wend btJ:Wt}  
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    'Set new z-shift (y[+s?;WyB  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" <xKer<D %  
    op.val1 = tlens casva;  
    op.parent = parID WolkW:(Cg  
    AddOperation eID, op zXx HaM  
    Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens KaNi'=nW  
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    '************************************************************************* T@GT=1E)  
    'Lens index of refraction c3W9"  
    '************************************************************************* WUm83"  
    eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) W,9. z%  
    GetModelMaterial eID, mat _HW~
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    mat.Nd = nlens 0?8O9i  
    SetModelMaterial eID, mat rkugV&BhV  
    Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens J]yUjnQ[h  
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    '************************************************************************* XZD9vFj1Z  
    'Pupil diameter r:]t9y>$<  
    '************************************************************************* [nZf4KN  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 5ltEnvN  
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    'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) UmUw>+A  
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    SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" }^U7NZn<"  
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    ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens D[32t0  
    parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) HX%lL}E  
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) X|zQZ<CO  
    count = 0 ?~X*\  
    While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ~~>`WA\G5,  
        GetOperation eID, count, op "HX,RJ @^K  
        If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `2
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            DeleteOperation eID,count
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            count=count-1 @SeInew;`l  
        End If "Zm**h.t  
        count=count+1 B3|h$aKC  
    Wend 9'nM$a  
    op.Type = "ShiftZ" aO8n\'bv  
    op.val1 = taq-0.01 {w:*t)@j  
    op.parent = parID Z>hS&B  
    AddOperation eID, op $/*19e~  
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    Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam B=14 hY@`  
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    'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description :5|'C
 
    eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Q+@/.qJ  
    GetEntity eID, entity O&BNhuW2  
    entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ykK21P,v  
    SetEntity eID, entity Q^13KWvuV  
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    Update $d0xJxM  
    Print "DONE!" BN
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End Sub )(bAi  
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如果屈光度是4，光瞳直径是4，则会输出如下数据： VWhq+8z  
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Accommodation = 4 Diopters N;Hoi8W  
Pupil Diameter = 4 mm zplAH!s5''  
Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 MpY/G%3  
Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 0\tV@ 6p2=  
Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 mnzB90<  
Set lens thickness = 3.927 hc7"0mVd{  
Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 xXb7/.*qE  
Set pupil diameter = 4 WO;2=[
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DONE! ^.3(o{g  
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