AutoLISP语言作为AutoCAD的二次开发工具,虽然在功能、运行速度和保密性等方面比起ARX等工具要逊色一些,但由于它易学易用,交互性好,灵活性强,对于那些经常使用AutoCAD进行绘图的普通用户来说,不失为一种理想的开发工具。下面就介绍用AutoLISP语言自定义的几个AutoCAD绘图命令,可以起到简化操作、提高作图效率的作用。 bR1Q77<G\
?G<?:/CU
一、键槽尺寸视图的绘制命令“jct” F\v~2/J5v
eKLE^`2*@
在绘制轴、齿轮或带轮等零件图时,经常需要画轴上键槽处的剖视图或轮毂键槽的端面视图,比较麻烦;由于键槽的尺寸随轴径的变化而变化,所以我们可以用LISP程序来实现自动绘图。加载下面的程序,在命令行中键入”jct”并回车,通过人机交互的形式输入有关参数,可自动完成轴上键槽的剖视图和轮毂键槽的端面视图的绘制。代码示例如下所示。 4)>S3Yr
$~j9{*]5
(defun C:jct () 4#.Q|vyl]"
(setq pt0 (getpoint "\n 请输入视图的中心位置点:")) ]vPdj"7
(initget 7) g_!xD;0
(setq loop T) Gd'_X D
(while loop keG\-f
(setq d (getreal "\n请输入键槽处的轴径(12(if(or (< d 12) (> d 130)) xn@oNKD0
(alert "轴径数据输入错误!\n\n请重新输入!") +WKN&@
(setq loop nil) 1
.[OS
);if i) Q
d>(v
);while VS!v7-_N5
(cond;根据轴径检索键槽尺寸 BjfTt:kY
((and (> d 12) (<= d 17)) (setq b 5 t1 3.0 t2 2.3));b表示键槽的宽度 s,pg4nst56
((and (> d 17) (<= d 22)) (setq b 6 t1 3.5 t2 2.8));t1表示轴上键槽的深度 !qHB?]
((and (> d 22) (<= d 30)) (setq b 8 t1 4.0 t2 3.3));t2表示轮毂上键槽的高度 |/$954Hr#<
((and (> d 30) (<= d 38)) (setq b 10 t1 5.0 t2 3.3)) ori[[~OyB
((and (> d 38) (<= d 44)) (setq b 12 t1 5.0 t2 3.3)) ~=t9-AF-
((and (> d 44) (<= d 50)) (setq b 14 t1 5.5 t2 3.8)) a#x@e?GvI
((and (> d 50) (<= d 58)) (setq b 16 t1 6.0 t2 4.3)) Ab:ah7!
((and (> d 58) (<= d 65)) (setq b 18 t1 7.0 t2 4.4)) ;j[:tt\k
((and (> d 65) (<= d 75)) (setq b 20 t1 7.5 t2 4.9)) )>^ Ge9d]
((and (> d 75) (<= d 85)) (setq b 22 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) FFe{=H,=
((and (> d 85) (<= d 95)) (setq b 25 t1 9.0 t2 5.4)) Xy`'h5
((and (> d 95) (<= d 110)) (setq b 28 t1 10.0 t2 6.4)) -N6ek`
((and (> d 110) (<= d 130)) (setq b 32 t1 11.0 t2 7.4))) \qlz<
(command "circle" pt0 "d" d) )O$S3ojZ
(command "zoom" "a") Y^U^yh_!^
(setq s1 (ssget "l" )) fZLAZMrM
(setq di (-(* (/ d 2.0) (/ d 2.0)) (* (/ b 2.0) (/ b 2.0))) ;Bw3@c
dx (sqrt di) }n#$p{e$i
dy (/ b 2.0) YfMs~}h,
pt1 (list (+ (car pt0) dx) (+ (cadr pt0) dy))) qn,fx6v4
(initget "Zc Lc");Zc表示画轴键槽的剖视图,Lc表示画轮毂键槽的端面视图 "`%UC#
(setq zrl (getkword "\n 画轴键槽的剖视图还是轮毂键槽的端面视图(Z/L)?")) wehiX7y
(if (= zrl "Zc") yF_/.m I
(progn;计算轴键槽上点的坐标 -j:yE Z4Oy
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (-(/ d 2.0) t1)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) NS TO\36
pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) R9D2cu,{
pt4 (polar pt3 0 (- dx (- (/ d 2.0) t1)))) !R#PJH/TM
);progn 52,'8`
]
);if fY #Y n
(if (= zrl "Lc") Q`4Ia<5B
(progn;计算轮毂键槽上点的坐标 NR-<2
e3
(setq pt2 (list (+ (car pt0) (+(/ d 2.0) t2)) (+ (cadr pt0) dy)) O*B9Bah
pt3 (polar pt2 (- (/ pi 2.0)) b) 2R^Eea
pt4 (polar pt3 (- pi) (- (+ (/ d 2.0) t2) dx))) g[~J107%A
);progn :f7vGO"t
);if hJw]hVYa
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 "");画键槽 @`Dh7Q
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) 3H4T*&9;n
(command "layer" "m" 5 "l" "center" 5 "c" 1 5 "") ,S@B[+VZ
(command "ltscale" 8) zwP*7u$CH
(command "line" (polar pt0 (- pi) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10));画中心线 <Lt"e8Z> x
(polar pt0 0 (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") /TIt-c
(command "line" (polar pt0(-(/ pi 2.0)) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) Ol>/^3a=
(polar pt0 (/ pi 2.0) (+ (/ d 2.0) 10)) "") $
9E"{6;@
(command "layer" "s" 0 "") &%k_BdlkQ
(if (= zrl "Zc") PI,2b(`h_
(progn BQeg-M
(setq s3 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) IjQgmS~G
(command "trim" s2 "" s3 "");修剪形成键槽 "?W8o[c+
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s1 s2 ""));画轴上键槽处剖视图的剖面线 x&m(h1h
);if w\V<6_[vv.
(if (= zrl "Lc") F[0~{*/|G
(progn * kUb[
(setq s4 (entsel "\n 请选择修剪的目标:")) qg<Y^y
(command "trim" s2 "" s4 "");修剪形成键槽 m5HMtoU
(command "rotate" s1 s2 "" pt0 90));将轮毂键槽的端面视图旋转90度 gp
H@FX
);if /q7$"wP
);end defun </SO#g^r<
sqjDh
二、螺纹孔剖视图的绘制命令“lwk” g2rH"3sC
qLKL*m
在绘制机械零件图时,经常要画螺纹孔的剖视图,同样由于螺纹孔的有关尺寸都随螺纹的公称直径而变化,我们可以用下面的程序自动完成其剖视图的绘制。加载后在命令行中键入“lwk”并回车,根据提示输入相应的参数即可。代码示例如下所示。 w vI
v+Q9
P=9UK`n
(defun C:lwk() YB^m!A),I[
(setq pc (osnap (getpoint "\n 输入螺纹孔端面的中心点:") "near" )) H7<g5pv
(setq ang (getangle pc "\n 螺纹孔中心线与水平线的夹角:")) A 2\3.3
(initget 7) Y`6<:8[?
(setq d (getdist "\n 请输入螺纹孔的公称直径(mm):")) :Dtm+EQ
(cond;根据螺纹孔的公称直径检索有关数据(以螺纹零件的材料为钢或青铜为例) g0s4ZI+T
((= d 6.0) (setq l1 10 l2 12 d2 4.917));l1表示螺纹深度 p1&=D%/
((= d 8.0) (setq l1 12 l2 16 d2 6.647));l2表示钻孔深度 eu$"GbqY
((= d 10.0) (setq l1 16 l2 20 d2 8.376));d2表示螺纹小径 Nd@/U
c
((= d 12.0) (setq l1 18 l2 22 d2 10.106)) w_LkS/
((= d 14.0) (setq l1 22 l2 26 d2 11.835)) U7,.L
((= d 16.0) (setq l1 24 l2 28 d2 13.835)) =KD[#au6a
((= d 18.0) (setq l1 28 l2 34 d2 15.294)) +@7c:CAy(
((= d 20.0) (setq l1 30 l2 35 d2 17.294)) LfCgvq6/pO
((= d 22.0) (setq l1 32 l2 38 d2 19.294)) :6m"}8*q8
((= d 24.0) (setq l1 36 l2 42 d2 20.725)) /len8FRf
((= d 27.0) (setq l1 40 l2 45 d2 23.725)) b.}J'?yLm
((= d 30.0) (setq l1 44 l2 52 d2 26.211)) yZNg[KH
((= d 36.0) (setq l1 52 l2 60 d2 31.670))) L}_VT
J
(setq r2 (/ d2 2.0);计算光孔各点坐标 (l(d0g&p>
pt1 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r2) Pi,86?
pt2 (polar pt1 ang l2) _.EM])b
pt3 (polar pc ang (+ l2 (* 0.57735 r2))) L&]{GNw
pt4 (polar pt2 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d2) }/IP\1bG
pt5 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r2)) nf:wJ-;*
(command "pline" pt1 pt2 pt3 pt4 pt5 "c");画光孔 {?A/1q4rr
(setq s1 (ssget "l")) e"p){)*$
(command "line" (polar pc (+ pi ang) 3) (polar pt3 ang 3) "");画中心线 -b?s\X
(command "pline" pt2 pt4 "") 1,we:rwX
(setq r1 (/ d 2.0);计算螺纹线的各点坐标 M~Er6Zg
pt11 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) r1) p6Ia)!xOGF
pt12 (polar pt11 ang l1) =Pp-9<&S
pt13 (polar pt12 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) d) #H5+8W
pt14 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) r1)) E%Ko[G
(command "pline" pt11 pt12 pt13 pt14 "");画螺纹线 SaRn>n\
(command "pline" pt12 pt13 "") ;rnhv:Iw
(setq pt21 (polar pc (+ (/ pi 2.0) ang) (+ r1 10.0));计算剖面线边界上的点坐标 1&Mpx!K*T
pt22 (polar pt21 ang (+ l2 15.0));可根据需要设置剖面线边界的大小 "-G7eGQ
pt23 (polar pt22 (- ang (/ pi 2.0)) (+ d 20.0)) qK%#$JgqA
pt24 (polar pc (+ (* pi 1.5) ang) (+ r1 10.0))) (S6>^:;=~
(command "pline" pt21 pt22 pt23 pt24 "c");生成剖面线的边界 n*#HokX
(setq s2 (ssget "l")) O>"
|5wj
(command "zoom" "a") _BCq9/
(command "hatch" "U" "45" "2" "n" s2 s1 "");画剖面线,形成消隐螺纹孔 1p<*11
);end DV*e.Y>
c s:E^
ZK<c(,oZ^
8zjJshE/
三、圆的中心线绘制命令“zxx” L/5th}m
bcAk$tA2
在绘图中,若需要绘制已知圆的中心线,可调用下面的程序。加载后在命令行中键入“zxx”并回车,只要按提示选择圆并输入中心线的延伸长度,即可自动生成该圆的中心线,并可连续绘制。代码示例如下所示。 -f?,%6(1
7$*x&We
(defun C:zxx() rV*Ri~Vx
(setvar "osmode" 512) 6.|[;>Km
(setq loop T) EQ"+G[j~x
(while loop R[QBFL<
(setq pc (getpoint "\n 请用鼠标选择圆:")) RS2uk7MB
(setq s(ssget pc)) !|mzu1S
(if s {T0Au{88H
(progn P"[{s^mb
(setq s1(entget(ssname s 0)) H#T&