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2014-02-21 18:01 |
MIT 光学
MIT 光学 PPT (PDF版）23次课 下附目录 g'7\ WQ
1 Introduction; brief history of optics; absorption, refraction; laws of reflection and refraction Q<;EQb#
2 Laws of reflection and refraction; prisms; dispersion; paraboloidal reflector etiUt~W
3 Perfect focusing; paraboloidal reflector; ellipsoidal refractor; introduction to imaging; perfect on-axis imaging using aspheric lenses; imperfect imaging using spherical surfaces; paraxial approximation; ray transfer matrices _|0#
4 Sign conventions; thin lens; real and virtual images d v[.u{#tP
5 Imaging at finite distances with thin lenses; thick lenses; the human eye; image formation by a composite lens ht ]n *
6 Aperture stop; entrance and exit pupils; numerical aperture (NA); field stop; entrance and exit windows; field of view (FoV) %aK[Yvo6
7 Ray tracing with mirrors; basic optical systems: single lens magnifier, eyepiece, microscope %N ~c9B
8 Basic optical systems (cont.): telescope; chromatic aberration; geometrical aberrations: spherical, coma 7 =}tJ
9 Geometrical aberrations (cont.): astigmatism, field curvature, distortion; optical design demo; GRadient INdex (GRIN) optics: quadratic and axial profile; introduction to the Hamiltonian formulation ] ?D$n
11 Hamiltonian formulation of ray tracing; analogies between Hamiltonian optics and Hamiltonian mechanics; introduction to waves JQ0Z%;"
12 1D wave equation; complex (phasor) representation; 3D waves: plane, spherical g |?}a]G
13 3D waves: plane, spherical; dispersive waves; group velocity; spatial frequencies; introduction to electromagnetics; Maxwell's equations; derivation of the wave equation for light xW5 `.^5
14 Maxwell's equations (cont.); polarization justification of the refractive index; electromagnetic energy flux and Poynting's vector; irradiance (intensity) #-G@ p
15 Interference; Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers; Huygens principle; Young interferometer; Fresnel diffraction C =q&S6/+
16 Gratings: amplitude, phase, sinusoidal, binary
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17 Fraunhofer diffraction; review of Fourier transforms and theorems % R25, V
18 Spatial filtering; the transfer function of Fresnel propagation; Fourier transforming properties of lenses 8w:mL^6x
19 4F system (telescope with finite conjugates) as a cascade of Fourier transforms; binary amplitude and phase pupil masks; Point Spread Function (PSF) (:`4*xK
20 Shift invariance; Amplitude Transfer Function (ATF); lateral and angular magnification in the 4F system; relationship between NA, PSF, and ATF; sampling and the Space Bandwidth Product (SBP); advanced spatial filtering: pupil engineering, phase contrast imaging; Talbot effect
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22 Temporal and spatial coherence; spatially incoherent imaging; Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); comparison of coherent and incoherent imaging yx-"&K=`
23 Imaging with a single lens; resolution P[q>;Fx*
25 Resolution (cont.); defocused optical systems wZ\9 3W-}
26 Depth of focus and depth of field; deconvolution and Tikhonov regularization; polarization; wave plates; effects of polarization on high-NA optical systems
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