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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 w>$2  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 a).bk!G  
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模型 QC*> qo  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 5//.q;z  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. []rg'9B2b  
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光源 Ad:)5R o  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Q+UqLass  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 U`fxe`nVa  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 &\, ZtaB  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 Rv T>{G~  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 ,!?&LdPt>  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 ]"< ` ^  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 P]4C/UDS-~  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 K XP^F6@l  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 4EiEE{9V  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 9?M><bBX  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 K 5SHt'P  
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分析 jMvWS71  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _T 5ZL  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 BiQ7r=Dd.  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. V3'QA1$  
    # 4AyA$t  
    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Xx~XW ^lsh  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION fCL5Et  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL 0?]*-wvp  
    Dim A As Double |.x |BJ  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double z (,%<oX  
    Dim eID As Long 'G!w0yF  
    Dim parID As Long _ FcfNF  
    Dim count As Integer G9.+N~GZ.  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 0i2ZgOJ  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double !biq7f%6#  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double 6_a42#  
    Dim ok As Long E}aTH  
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    Sub Main ]:B|_| H  
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        '用户输入对话框 |@]`" k  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 1'dL8Y  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 z}vgp\cuT  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ]~:9b[G2  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 3_JxpQg  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 ;Zb+WGyj  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 ]g jhrD   
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 _e<3 g9bj  
        End Dialog f)p c$~B  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 0s"g%gq|  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) )]"aa_20]  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed Tti]H9g_  
            Print "Execution cancelled." B1]dub9  
            End Z[Gs/D  
        End If w{J0K; L  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty tkBp?Wl  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then uUXvBA?l  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation v:c_q]z#B  
        Else H@$\SUc{  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) v%|^\A"V  
        End If eJ+V!K'H2  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then FWNO/)~t  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter #F\}PCBe'  
        Else zfDx c3e  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) -,NiSh}A  
        End If <4,n6$E  
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        Print " " #<20vdc  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" d(RSn|[0  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" 0?3Ztdlb  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation l$$N~FN  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness x35(i  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^&iUC&8W  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens : E `N0UA  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens l?:!G7ie  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens q.6$-w  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness uc@f#(-  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction J,ZvaF  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation \M>}-j`v  
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        '************************************************************************* "Gx(-NH+  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) X(F 2 5  
        '************************************************************************* j8*fa  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) o*7`r~  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity #Jt9U1WbF  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) fMaUIJ:Q9  
    ?9#}p  
        ' Delete any shift(s) in z B`,4M&  
        count = 0 #8P9}WTno.  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }ie\-V  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #% PnZ /  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then GaMiu! |,  
                DeleteOperation eID,count ]9]cef=h#  
                count=count-1 '1]Iu@?  
            End If fI@4 v\  
            count=count+1 %;+Q0 e9  
        Wend B>, O@og  
    / $7E  
        'Set new shift in W|_^Oe<  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" 0`:B#ten  
        op.val1 = taq rJ)O(  
        op.parent = parID _MfXN$I?}  
        AddOperation eID, op SS;[{u!  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Jsf -t  
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        '************************************************************************* >D'Kt?L<]m  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens NMYkEz(&R  
        '************************************************************************* FV|/o%XqK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) Ht.0ug  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 8w &A89  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant 0#f;/ c0i  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant r:u,  
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        '************************************************************************* V$O{s~@ti  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens bM`7>3 d7E  
        '************************************************************************* 5yO %|)  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) QF 2Eg  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^DZ(T+q,  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost vr#_pu)f4  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9 z_9yT  
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        '************************************************************************* T^9k,J(rM  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) B 14Ziopww  
        '************************************************************************* i6F`KF'i&  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) G  @ib  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) |1vi kG8  
        count = 0 JA'C\  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count  Qx,jUL#2  
            GetOperation eID, count, op }Xv2I$J  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then +/,J$(  
                DeleteOperation eID,count  p]z *  
                count=count-1 afEhC0j  
            End If @ %LrpD  
            count=count+1 4?GW]'d  
        Wend fv?vO2nj  
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        'Set new z-shift Ic_>[E?k  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" "?E>rWz  
        op.val1 = tlens UR;F W`  
        op.parent = parID 8RC7 Ei  
        AddOperation eID, op AN ;SRl  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens _G]f v'  
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        '************************************************************************* I@x^`^+l  
        'Lens index of refraction cTW3\S=  
        '************************************************************************* Vo*38c2  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) f=%k9Y*)  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat V@6,\1#`|  
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        mat.Nd = nlens R{zAs?j  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat RtZK2  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens ~4HS 2\  
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        '*************************************************************************  [wS~.  
        'Pupil diameter =bt/2 nPV  
        '************************************************************************* e$krA!zN  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) wm>I;|gA)  
    #sLyU4QV  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) |q&&"SpA  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" 5.st!Lp1  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens &m@~R|  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) h`X>b/V  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) o' U::  
        count = 0 [gK (x%  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count q$>/~aVM  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ROZOX$XM  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 8*O]  
                DeleteOperation eID,count y_bb//IAG  
                count=count-1 {<f_,Nlc  
            End If # fvt:iE  
            count=count+1 [UqJ3@>  
        Wend )m . KV5K!  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" [se J'Io  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 0<3)K[m~H  
        op.parent = parID 7s#,.(s  
        AddOperation eID, op EjZ_|Q  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam zd1X(e<|{  
    ~&bn} M>W  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description }A@op+0E  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) O>P792)  
        GetEntity eID, entity )HPt(Ck  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" ?f{{{0$S  
        SetEntity eID, entity KW^#DI6tr  
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        Update mj\]oWS7d  
        Print "DONE!" S!*wK-  
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    End Sub Ko6>h  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: crx8+  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters v(uYso_  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3LT[?C]H$  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 _T,X z_  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 $LxfdSa  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 qo2/?]  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 ~zEBJgeyh  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 QFn .<@  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 \>}G|yL  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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