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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 +@yU ` sI h5cT 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (h@!_qi9: q2'}S
A/ 模型 )l.uj "K$c 9Z8 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 z] -m<#1 Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] Lusd kc7 nK)1.KVN 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. WRwx[[e6z v*FbvrY 光源 bsr]Z&9rrk `9gV8u 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _0FMwC#DY ,zr,>^v [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 12?!Z -84%6p2- 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 VH<d[Mj 5k9
vYW5k 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 MkjB4:" [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 f F)M'C oylQCbT [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 <2L,+ fR~0Fy Gp 视网膜的散射 ^suQ7#g = :zPT;K 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 g5"I{ol5T~ I8% -ii [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 zwRF-{s *OdmKVw6G 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 "Nb2[R v\MQ?VC [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 Yw]$/oP` @"A
5yD5 脚本 ^Ifm1$X} a5saN5)H 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: k;`1Ia [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 K*2s-,b * [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 j|`lOH8 ^#mWV 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 N*6~$zl& 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 DpeJx hkm}oYW+ 分析 SZLugyZ2Y 1gcWw, / 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _-TW-{7bh [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 27+faR l2YClK 脚本代码 s$qc& CGlEc
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. iY?#R&
GnUD<P=I Dim entity As T_ENTITY LyNmn.nN Dim op As T_OPERATION cYe2a" Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ,}@4@ >?K Dim A As Double l0URJRK{* Dim pupilDiam As Double "S6";G^I Dim eID As Long n1JV)4Mv Dim parID As Long .9=4Af Dim count As Integer K1A<m=If Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double G4~@ Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double i2(v7Gef Dim curv As Double, conic As Double D29Lu(f
Dim ok As Long |<,0*2 53ZbtEwhwr Sub Main ^BRqsVw9 _'1 ]CoR '用户输入对话框 oIx|)[ Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ?PTXgIC TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 /SS~IhUX Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xP9h$! OKButton 40,91,90,21 ,ayJgAD CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dQ-shfTr] Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ab/JCZNn TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 60$;Q,]o End Dialog (`E`xb@E,= Dim dlg As UserDialog =Hn--DEMg .I_<\h7 ok = Dialog (dlg) Gos#=H %xG<hNw/ If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed yvzH}$!] Print "Execution cancelled." *s"OqTM]x End IQtQf_"e1 End If 3 )#Nc| l4U*Lv>
'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Cd=$XJ-b If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then DUl+Jqn4B A = 0 'Default accommodation !03JA 9lo Else Jq(;BJ90R A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 3imsIBr End If Ai[@2A yU SpU|Q1Q/h If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Hd\oV^>
pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter ru 9@|FgAE Else ;n*|AL7( pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w:deQ:k End If +_pfBJ_$% U?{oxy_[ 2 Print " " YG8C<g6E7 Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [pmIQ228 Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" eIF6f&
F _4L6 ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =. \hCgq taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness : -#w ,<#Rk'y$ Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens i.Y2]1 CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens sU*?H`U3d %CvVu)tc Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens 'm6bfS^T CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens n~\; +U ,K\7y2/ tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness 9@ fSO<
]ilLed nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction - QY<o| 1|xe'w{ 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `JiWS
Udtz zka '************************************************************************* 'fb\t, 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) E' `; '************************************************************************* F_R\ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,C><n
kx GetCustomElement eID, entity 2P8wvNDG 612,J parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ot\[Ya'' =_C&lc" ' Delete any shift(s) in z C^4,L
\E count = 0 )}N:t:rry While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G93V=Bk= GetOperation eID, count, op #'>)?]tn If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0%L:jq{5 DeleteOperation eID,count GfK%UZ$C count=count-1 \rxjvV4fcZ End If $3p 48`.\ count=count+1 +CdUr~6 Wend wS9V@ nyR<pnuC' 'Set new shift in "PRHQW op.Type = "ShiftZ" o jxK8_kl op.val1 = taq Hqs-q4G$ op.parent = parID 57;0,k5Gy AddOperation eID, op !<~.>5UQ Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >M{98NH !xR9I0V5 '************************************************************************* j[dZ*Jr_ 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ."BXA8c;A '************************************************************************* srN7 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +<p&Va# GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0<@['W}G Pi?G:IF SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Lm`-q(!7w Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant dz/@]a EFVZAY"+!; '************************************************************************* |?^qsnB 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +l)t5Mg\ '************************************************************************* ub>:dNBN eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) aLm~.@Q GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic
Pm2LB<qS ai?J SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &)tv4L& Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3zKeN:w ~:Z|\a58j '************************************************************************* hwe6@T.# 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ._]Pz6 '************************************************************************* n]4Elrxx 'JdK0w# parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K7JZUS`C! ZaY|v- ' Delete any z-shift(s) R8lja%+0$ count = 0 tF/Ni*\^rV While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |H^v8^%>zm GetOperation eID, count, op <aaT,J8%[ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x5PM]~"p DeleteOperation eID,count "dt}k$Gr count=count-1 \ Qx%76 End If RaSuzy^`*] count=count+1 c9jS
!uDMK Wend 19O !a\v)R 'Set new z-shift I`IW^eZM op.Type = "ShiftZ" }8}`A\dgV op.val1 = tlens SOsz=bVx op.parent = parID *u|1Z%XO AddOperation eID, op ;?iu@h Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens (r?hD*2r OYWHiXE6] '************************************************************************* 1@LUxU#Uu$ 'Lens index of refraction v36Z*I6)5 '************************************************************************* |LLpG37_ eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G^h:#T GetModelMaterial eID, mat v\G7V ->;2CcpHB mat.Nd = nlens G~&8/ s SetModelMaterial eID, mat )n9,?F#l Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens E6xdPjoWy Q{=r9&& '************************************************************************* n;=FD;}j+ 'Pupil diameter oBub]<.J '************************************************************************* eF7I5k4 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d:A'|;'] 1]0;2THx 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ;m.6 ~A |%XcI3@* SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" q4!\^HwQ {*8G<& ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens C`qV+pV parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6Ktq7'Z@ eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) J1gnR count = 0 F" M/gy While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :,qvqh][ GetOperation eID, count, op vA6onYjA If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then `wj' DeleteOperation eID,count 7KUf,0D count=count-1 /!>OWh*~ End If cotySio$ count=count+1 ->IZZ5G< Wend zNo"P[J8 op.Type = "ShiftZ" P =Q+VIP& op.val1 = taq-0.01 DS@Yto op.parent = parID b$nev[`{6 AddOperation eID, op K3=0D!D q 4=y&}3om(0 Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam wRK27=\z I} Q+{/?/ 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description WO!OaC?+B, eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "D4% A!i GetEntity eID, entity 9qGba=}Ey entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" w9"~NK8xzM SetEntity eID, entity WQ:Y NmQ1p (5:pHX`P Update "8?Fl&=Q Print "DONE!" PC255 e87a9ZPm End Sub Us#/#-hJ pNQ7uy 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: mv,a>Cvs[
(igB'S5wf Accommodation = 4 Diopters y.8nzlkE{ Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X$Q.A^9 Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 :p)^+AF"5 Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 vQ2{+5!| Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 L"S2+F)n Set lens thickness = 3.927 qZV|}M>P) Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 v}AjW%rB
Set pupil diameter = 4 a[rb-Z DONE!
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