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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 yfe4}0} FOX0 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 88atj+N] 2fdC @V 模型 {=E,.%8 QPsvc6ds 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 xa%2w] Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] LBhDP5qF BH?fFe&J:` 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. t-J\j"~%+ *3!ixDX[r 光源 3#c0p790 +0n,>eDjg^ 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 'ewVn1ME[ (0bXsfe [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 %0Ke4c fmk(} 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 &0@AM_b .?-]+-J?` 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 u]QG^1.qYe [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 7.1FRxS u=!n9W~" [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 VWE`wan< 'tzN.p1O 视网膜的散射 U^xtS g ;!/g`*? 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {DGnh1 +K*_=gHF. [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 6SmawPPP V]A*' ke/ 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1FmqNf:V7I CjlA"_!%E [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 $3 ~/H"K tY$4k26 脚本 G[[<-[C]5 Z <vTr6? 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: ,L7:3W [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 W2j@Q=YDS [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 7W\aX*] 5Lm<3:7Q+ 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M/a5o|>8 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Av^<_`L: TP&&' 4?D1 分析 |+(Hia,X ]u@`XVEJ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 D<XRu4^; [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 )Aa
h ?o6\>[O 脚本代码 :~+m9r ?{*/VJl$
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. uNRT@@oCq
>4eZ%</D5 Dim entity As T_ENTITY piKR*|F Dim op As T_OPERATION 2XGbqZj Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL "f<+~ Dim A As Double t+Rt*yjO Dim pupilDiam As Double H@hHEzO Dim eID As Long $>y Dim parID As Long
-z$&lP] Dim count As Integer :*{\oqFn~$ Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 8Nz Xe 7 Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double b9@VD)J0E Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bv8GJ # Dim ok As Long PFnq:G^L ^L;k Sub Main F|t_&$Is?
9
]W4o" '用户输入对话框 KdB9Q ; Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Fq9>t/Zj TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 /*yPy? Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 koAM",5D OKButton 40,91,90,21 v<U +&D{ CancelButton 190,91,90,21 }8cX0mZ1j Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #yVMC;J?W TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 FI$#x%A End Dialog N$SJK Dim dlg As UserDialog pe1 _E
KU I!1nB\l ok = Dialog (dlg) DfQD!}= kbkq.fYr If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed B=`"!?we Print "Execution cancelled." =wy 3h0k^ End E5b JIC(
End If ';z5]O~ {?dW- 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty rX<gcntv If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ]XH}G9X^ A = 0 'Default accommodation zUhJr$N$ Else ?w[M{ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) BsX#
~ End If C8 b%r|^# =':,oz^| If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then q;V1fogqI) pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter 4U*uH Else HjFY>(e pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 5vso%}c End If zjrr*iw r2*'5jk_ Print " " F^]?'`7md Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ,T|%vqbmw Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j;k(AM< ]cv|A^ ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation *0^t;A+ taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness '\2lWR]ndd Nv
iPrp>c Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens -0)So CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens G"BoD 5m nAp7X-t Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens UI4Xv CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens @Yq! _5nQe
! tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness d\ &jl`8* S"=oU}'| nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction N!fp;jvG _]=` F
l 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation a`w)awb YSuwV)Y '************************************************************************* rwxJR@Ttn 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 8<g_JW[% '************************************************************************* k*4?fr eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (!'; GetCustomElement eID, entity b* 6c.
"gCSbMq(Vq parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Kg@9kJB Oh:SH|=]# ' Delete any shift(s) in z >NE]TZ.F count = 0 'Ph4(Yg While GetOperationCount(eID)>count
KG#|Cq GetOperation eID, count, op w9}I*Nra If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )^!-Aj\x DeleteOperation eID,count $Mx.8FC + count=count-1 ji(S ?^ End If B`hxF(_p/ count=count+1 ^d"tymDd Wend U2ANu| ,`|KNw5 'Set new shift in Yb =8\<; op.Type = "ShiftZ" iA ZtV'VQ) op.val1 = taq gr=ke #
op.parent = parID j)F~C8* AddOperation eID, op oRu S_X Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 McnP>n XB;;OP12 '************************************************************************* nbpN+a% 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]Wa,a
T' '************************************************************************* Gz *U?R-T eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ij hMJ?3 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ((dG< Fr%KO)s2 SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $]81 s` Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9I RE@c 1shvHmrV '************************************************************************* 1 *-58N* 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Vxgc|E^J '************************************************************************* TU. h eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) sZ4H\ GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R4qk/@]t _F3vC# SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8'cD K[L Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &(.ZHF eB]ZnJ2^= '************************************************************************* 1g/mzC 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) V
u!,tpa. '************************************************************************* 2=3iA09px !E7/:t4 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |R[m&uOib zu|pL`X ' Delete any z-shift(s) 3S5QqAm count = 0 $K
G?d>wx While GetOperationCount(eID)>count etDB|(,z GetOperation eID, count, op cALu If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then
xjX5 PQu DeleteOperation eID,count A qm0|GlJ count=count-1 c&_3"2: End If d~_OWCg` count=count+1 ):[[Ch_ Wend 7PvuKAv?k H5aUZ= 'Set new z-shift \m.{^Xd~ op.Type = "ShiftZ" uIPR*9~6o op.val1 = tlens E|fPI u op.parent = parID 1IsR}uLh AddOperation eID, op 3sw1y Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens <=`@`rm{ [j/-(?+ '************************************************************************* Z3/ zUtgs 'Lens index of refraction C eg6o&^ '************************************************************************* oyd{}$71d eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) +*!! GetModelMaterial eID, mat
)Ob{] }l2JXf55 mat.Nd = nlens 4q~E\l|.5 SetModelMaterial eID, mat U9q*zP_jV Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens RU'J!-w{ Q7s1M&K '*************************************************************************
aqN.5'2\ 'Pupil diameter Cm&itG '************************************************************************* xphqgOc12, eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) St3~Y{aI| .6hH}BM 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =sm(Z;" )Qc$UI8L SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o]j* x{- caOH ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens c2U>89LlZ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l%IOdco# eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) (/M c$V count = 0 ;Cy@TzO/| While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Mc6y'w GetOperation eID, count, op v 3NaX. If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tEUmED0FY DeleteOperation eID,count e'`oisJU?q count=count-1 B?M+`; End If eOb`uyi count=count+1 Cr`
0C Wend BAhC-;B#R op.Type = "ShiftZ" U!5@$Fu op.val1 = taq-0.01 S;NXOsSu op.parent = parID UdGoPzN AddOperation eID, op jmFN*VIL Hj!)S&y,$ Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 1mX*0> ^WNJQg' 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description y AWDk0bx eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eZ!k'bS= GetEntity eID, entity E;qwoTmul entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" w.8~A,5}Dh SetEntity eID, entity w# e'K-= _(hwU>. Update c;^ J!e Print "DONE!" +@Y[i."^J (Y>MsqwWfC End Sub Trrh`@R 0
OBkd 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ,B2-'O `T70FsSJ Accommodation = 4 Diopters e0L;V@R Pupil Diameter = 4 mm tX251S Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 L9T u>4 Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _#C}hwOR>X Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Al|7Y/ Set lens thickness = 3.927 #*!$!c{ Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 6"7qZq Set pupil diameter = 4 o$O,#^ DONE!
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