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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 Lo_+W1+  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 & nXE?-J  
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模型 aIFlNS,y  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Ms,MXJtH  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ~`QoBZ.O&  
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光源 ;10YG6:  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 t!3N|`x  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 7$lnCvm  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 =?.oH|&\h  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 |K Rt$t  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 jW`JThoq  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $N)G:=M!s  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 X>o9mW  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 YkWHI (p  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: {s0%XG1$  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Cr7Zi>sd<!  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !Rl|o^Vw>{  
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分析 Yao}Xo9}  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g;63$_<  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 lWId 0eNS  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W%g*sc*+  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY 13!@L bC  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION ! dzgi:  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL  h$l/wn  
    Dim A As Double /IUu-/ D  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double OT])t<TF6  
    Dim eID As Long /YvXyi>^"%  
    Dim parID As Long ~:z.Xu5m  
    Dim count As Integer !,[#,oy;  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double \#9LwC"8;  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double V^2_]VFj  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n(F!t,S1i  
    Dim ok As Long FbE/x$;~O  
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    Sub Main BY6#dlDi  
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        '用户输入对话框 &n  k)F<  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 jfxNV2[  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 K|7"YNohfG  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,&t+D-s<f  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 X1| +9  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 l$;"yVdks  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 I@'[>t  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 [A-_?#cZ  
        End Dialog `>:5[Y  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog d/7fJ8y8  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) ;28d7e}  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ?,vLRq.  
            Print "Execution cancelled." x>#{C,Fi  
            End ?*fa5=ql  
        End If pp"X0  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty d6luksO*9  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then hLO)-ueb  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation r6DLShP-Ur  
        Else sU_K^=6*  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PF{uaKWk  
        End If s.2f'i+  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )pWgt5:7~  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter !7N:cx'Qy  
        Else Th)  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Y <6|z3  
        End If #dauXUKH  
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        Print " " ewMVUq*:  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" dfDjOZSL  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" VeA@HC`?"  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ?JrUZXY  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Y)rK'OY'  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens Kr}RFJ"d  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens r&u1-%%9[  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens )&c2+Y@  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens H,7='n7"  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness @cDB 7w\  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction 0Wr<l%M)+  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation S^QEctXU  
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        '************************************************************************* 6#Vl3o(E|  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) )UR$VL  
        '************************************************************************* omfX2Oa2  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A4j ,]hOD  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity |~9rak,  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dwA"QVp{  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z ^twyy9VR  
        count = 0 /X}1%p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ql?w6qFs]  
            GetOperation eID, count, op RoqkT|#$  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bmT%?it  
                DeleteOperation eID,count a"(Ws]K  
                count=count-1 z teu{0  
            End If v^9eTeFO  
            count=count+1 Q2fxsa[  
        Wend e~vO   
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        'Set new shift in !'$*Z(  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" "im5Fnu  
        op.val1 = taq A}(xH`A  
        op.parent = parID z%}"=  
        AddOperation eID, op igu1s}F  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 '(K4@[3t  
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        '************************************************************************* )!(gS,  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 4" ?`p;{Z  
        '************************************************************************* AD   
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) RE!WuLs0"  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic e N`+r  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k}LIMkEa4a  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant EW$drY@  
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        '************************************************************************* a`Bp^(f}  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 9Qyc!s`  
        '************************************************************************* (j>`+F5f  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 091m$~r*  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w5Fk#zJv  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost bB@=J~l4  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k4#j l<R  
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        '************************************************************************* ]Zb9F[  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) xWLZlUHEu  
        '************************************************************************* [Or1  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gLMb,buqC  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) E+y_te^+b  
        count = 0 Q`i@['?p  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vU *: M8k  
            GetOperation eID, count, op 6$#,$aO  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #~Xj=M%  
                DeleteOperation eID,count P)VQAM  
                count=count-1 `K VSYC  
            End If Z +/3rd  
            count=count+1 2-m@-  
        Wend `U0XvWPr[  
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        'Set new z-shift W,8Uu1X =  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" N-N]BS6  
        op.val1 = tlens cvw17j  
        op.parent = parID pI f6RwH}%  
        AddOperation eID, op -s HX   
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %nJo:/  
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        '************************************************************************* fFEB#l!oUb  
        'Lens index of refraction [Zdrm:=]L  
        '************************************************************************* @oY+b!L  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) m +A4aQ9  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat z81dm  
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        mat.Nd = nlens q1 HJ_y  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat !,$K;L  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens o5/BE`VD5c  
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        '************************************************************************* 3'p 1m`8  
        'Pupil diameter BN&)5M?Xt6  
        '************************************************************************* UvMkL  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) [qY yr  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =LY`K#  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" dU_;2d$  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7Wv.-LD6  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ] 0L=+=w  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /\Cf*cJ  
        count = 0 ;4dFL\KU  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count VZ IY=Q>g  
            GetOperation eID, count, op F6J]T6 Y  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }.s%J\ckx  
                DeleteOperation eID,count t<c7%i#Od  
                count=count-1 YeT{<9p  
            End If gdSqG2/&  
            count=count+1 *Dq ++  
        Wend \{Q_\s&)  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y8%l)g  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]}Ys4(}  
        op.parent = parID LV1drc  
        AddOperation eID, op 3O 4,LXdA  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #c' B2Jn  
    *[i49X&rd  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description AMB{Fssz  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NKEmY-f;  
        GetEntity eID, entity n>,GmCo  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" oR8'^G0<  
        SetEntity eID, entity ->OVNmCB`+  
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        Update A[@koLCL  
        Print "DONE!" `, ]ui*  
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    End Sub ,K@[+ R!  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |Wa.W0A  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters H}_R`S  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm cGm?F,/`  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 x R$T/]/  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 %=*|: v  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 8kcMgCO  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 =rZ'!Pa  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 wA 7\K~fHV  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 fUCjC*#1  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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