Arizona眼睛模型
简介 *Z)`:Gae ,h8)5Mj/J 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 ?>4^e: @105 @9F 模型 'hU&$lgMF %ze Sx 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 @B+ Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] z~z.J] ;<ed1%Le, 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. -2% [] B0Xn9Tvk 光源 Xps MgJ/w q;>' jHh 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 z'fGHiX7.0 W9a H]9b [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 (doFYF~w A
g/z\kX 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 EG<K[t OEq8gpqY 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 l$zo3[ [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 'T+3tGCy+ ~3/>;[! [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 x<9|t( urXM}^ 视网膜的散射 o6B!ikz 8 E$smr\ 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 }tc,3>/ o*5|W9 [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 Fv#ToT:QXe )0qXZgs 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 B-r9\fi, `9b D%M [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 "F)7!e X#+A?>Z]}< 脚本 ^t9"!K HYW+,ts' 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: %<I0-o [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 .\*\bvyCw [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 p]=8=pE< 2{@:
:JZ 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 SGjaH8z 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 GW.s\8w ed>_=i 分析 U/|B IF 1c?,= ;> 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 Ha4?I$'$ [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 j G{xFz>x vEn12s(lj 脚本代码 _3hCu/BV {*>$LlL
- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. RQ}x7</{
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}k7>< Dim entity As T_ENTITY s+Ln>c'|o Dim op As T_OPERATION }Ct_i'Ow Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL wQ(ME7t Dim A As Double <[l2 ]"Q Dim pupilDiam As Double h/eKVRGs" Dim eID As Long 9OXrz}8C Dim parID As Long lE=Q(QUr Dim count As Integer 6q6&N'We Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double LdVGFlcXi Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double B'atwgI0 Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ,|xG2G6 Dim ok As Long +z("'Cv b\]"r x
( Sub Main s( 2=E| -"!V&M '用户输入对话框 OXA_E/F Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 -v >BeVF TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 n1buE1r? Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,iiWVA" OKButton 40,91,90,21 pB?a5jpA CancelButton 190,91,90,21 k=nfo-h Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 dpJi5fN TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 q)<5&|V End Dialog J6NQ5S\ Dim dlg As UserDialog 988aF/c ( 9dV%#G\ ok = Dialog (dlg) e0>@Yp[Kd nb0<.ICF%R If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed |]r# IpVf Print "Execution cancelled." *M-.Vor?R End rv|k8 End If +=u*!6S 8*6J\FE<p 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty /x-Ja[kL If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then YVu8/D@ o A = 0 'Default accommodation 3<fJ5-z|- Else EsA^P2?_+ A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) Y k~ i.p End If [>Q{70 c[ o)S>x0|[ If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then =CRaMjN pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter >[
72]<6 Else A[+op'>k pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) !j YV,:' End If hTVN`9h7 y^M'&@F Print " " ZpI _/ Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" s/P\w"/fN Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" K"-N:OV ?:n{GK ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation pklcRrx,a taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness mn0QVkb}lc 7^|3TTK Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens ua7I K~8l CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens HT1bsY
0t EY2s${26% Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens s8eiq`6\H} CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens u!L8Sv :peBQ{bj tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness tEP^w ]V.9jlXF nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction )#*c|. #docBsHX&s 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation (7Y :3 rD$7; '************************************************************************* YWq[)F@0G 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) i1aS2gFi_ '************************************************************************* {p6",d."N& eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) BKvF,f/g GetCustomElement eID, entity 8h AI l *jA%.F parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) *'exvY~ z$;%SYI ' Delete any shift(s) in z \dufKeiS&a count = 0 %@pTEhpF While GetOperationCount(eID)>count hb?
|fi GetOperation eID, count, op ;?n*w+6< If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then C:
e}}8i DeleteOperation eID,count bdcuO)3 count=count-1 6e~+@S End If D4o? count=count+1 \DGm[/P Wend !4oYQB V TEyqo2 'Set new shift in :B=`^>RK op.Type = "ShiftZ" ?pQ, 5+8 op.val1 = taq L{gFk{@W op.parent = parID *?KQ\ Y AddOperation eID, op >O\-\L Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 Yq5}r?N aty
K^*aX '************************************************************************* F1%'
zsv 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens "?avb`YU' '************************************************************************* $L`7(0U- eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) SAo"+% GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic a o7|8[ \
2".Kb@= SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant |:
nuT$( Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant }^LcKV 88G[XkL$2 '************************************************************************* m+uh6IqN./ 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Ho"FB|e '************************************************************************* AHZ6 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) \t!+]v8f8 GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic u $sX6 rxDule3m SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 9sT?"(= Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost )n0g6 xX"?3%y> '************************************************************************* A#jiCIc 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) &"^A '************************************************************************* 1/#N{rZ b0KorUr parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) EkTen:{G /H3,v8J@ ' Delete any z-shift(s) ;j/ur\37 count = 0 ,;D74h2F While GetOperationCount(eID)>count $6'xRUx X GetOperation eID, count, op m9PcDhv If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ~$Mp >ZB2W DeleteOperation eID,count <&+l;z count=count-1 m?M(79u[ End If UT^t7MY#O count=count+1 I1}{7-_t Wend 9r8{9h: <edAWc+ 'Set new z-shift X2Lhb{ZHE op.Type = "ShiftZ" G&Cl:CtC op.val1 = tlens uF^+}Y ZT op.parent = parID qC3 rHT] AddOperation eID, op xH'H!
8 Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens ^ePSI|EW m,.d< ** '************************************************************************* k|
jCc 'Lens index of refraction 2"i<--Y '************************************************************************* Jk1Up2#B eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) (p2\H>pTr GetModelMaterial eID, mat |r
/}r,t} ' !_44 mat.Nd = nlens e=F'
O]
5 SetModelMaterial eID, mat "0/OpT7h7 Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens h.7 1O"N o#+!H!C.O '************************************************************************* m' aakq 'Pupil diameter |]`+@K,S '************************************************************************* R=9j+74U eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) AN.` tv WrD20Q$9Q 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ,-{j. &[s^`e SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" glv(`cQ I &m~ cBj< ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens vG parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) F]ALZxwkz eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) =1esUO[nx count = 0 ~XZ1,2jA/ While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Hu'c)|~f GetOperation eID, count, op Az.Y-O<$\ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then TvQAy/Y0 DeleteOperation eID,count ?`w ~1 count=count-1 M!I:$DZt End If .:lzT"QXI count=count+1 EG 1SIEo Wend Q%
dpGI op.Type = "ShiftZ" Ik}*7D op.val1 = taq-0.01 }U#S* op.parent = parID S>*T&K AddOperation eID, op jn+0g:l $h$+EE! Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam c/hml4 z.jGVF4 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description 2>H\arEstR eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) -({\eL$n GetEntity eID, entity zY#U ]Is entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" R
UX SetEntity eID, entity QOP*vH >J `b]
NB^/ Update NuP@eeF>, Print "DONE!" 8l}|.Q#-- Et- .[ End Sub l'o}4am Y8AU<M 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: yx}:Sgv% t4JGd)r Accommodation = 4 Diopters j"NqNv Pupil Diameter = 4 mm gF%ad=xm Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 vw(};)8 Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 s0`uSQ2X Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 r@!~l1$s` Set lens thickness = 3.927 7"QcvV@p Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 i/$lOde Set pupil diameter = 4 =djzE`)0 DONE!
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