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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 +@yU `  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 (h@!_qi9:  
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模型 )l.uj  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 z]-m<#1  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. WRwx[[e6z  
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光源 bsr]Z&9rrk  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 _0FMwC#DY  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 VH<d[Mj  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 MkjB4:"  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 f F)M'C  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 ^suQ7#g  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 g5"I{ol5T~  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 "Nb2[R  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 ^Ifm1$X}  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: k;`1Ia  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 N*6~$zl&  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 DpeJx  
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分析 SZLugyZ2Y  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 _-TW-{7bh  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 s$qc &  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. iY?#R&  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY LyNmn.nN  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION cYe2 a "  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL ,}@4@ >?K  
    Dim A As Double l0URJRK{*  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double "S6";G^I  
    Dim eID As Long n1JV)4Mv  
    Dim parID As Long .9=4Af  
    Dim count As Integer K1A<m=If  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double G 4~@  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double i2(v7Gef  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double D29Lu(f  
    Dim ok As Long |<,0*2  
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    Sub Main ^BRqsVw9  
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        '用户输入对话框 oIx|)[  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 ?PTXgIC  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 /SS~IhUX  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 xP9h$!  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 ,ayJgAD  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 dQ-shfTr]  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Ab/JCZNn  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 60$;Q,]o  
        End Dialog (`E`xb@E,=  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog =Hn--DEMg  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) Gos# =H  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed yvzH}$!]  
            Print "Execution cancelled." *s" OqTM]x  
            End IQtQf_"e1  
        End If 3)#Nc|  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Cd=$XJ-b  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then DUl+Jqn4B  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation !03JA9lo  
        Else Jq(;BJ90R  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) 3imsIBr  
        End If Ai[@2AyU  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then Hd\oV^ >  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter ru9@|FgAE  
        Else ;n*|AL7(  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) w:deQ:k  
        End If +_pfBJ_$%  
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        Print " " Y G8C<g6E7  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" [pm IQ228  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" eIF6f& F  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation =. \hCgq  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness : -#w  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens i.Y2]1  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens sU*?H`U3d  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens 'm6bfS^T  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens n~\; +U  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 9@ fSO<  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction - QY<o|  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation `Ji WS  
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        '************************************************************************* 'fb\t,  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) E' `;  
        '************************************************************************* F_R\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,C><n kx  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity 2P8wvNDG  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Ot\[Ya''  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z C^4,L \E  
        count = 0 )}N:t:rry  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count G93V=Bk=  
            GetOperation eID, count, op #'> )?]tn  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then 0%L:jq{5  
                DeleteOperation eID,count GfK%UZ$C  
                count=count-1 \rxjvV4fcZ  
            End If $3p48`.\  
            count=count+1 +CdUr~6  
        Wend wS9V@  
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        'Set new shift in "PRHQW  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" o jxK8_kl  
        op.val1 = taq Hqs-q4G$  
        op.parent = parID 57;0,k5Gy  
        AddOperation eID, op !<~.>5UQ  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 >M{98NH  
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        '************************************************************************* j[dZ*Jr_  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ."BXA8c;A  
        '************************************************************************* srN7  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) +<p&V a#  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic 0<@['W}G  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant Lm`-q(!7w  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant dz/@]a  
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        '************************************************************************* |?^qs nB  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens +l)t5Mg\  
        '************************************************************************* ub>:dNBN  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) aLm~.@Q  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic Pm2LB<qS  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost &)tv4L&  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 3zKeN:w  
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        '************************************************************************* hwe6@T.#  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) ._]Pz 6  
        '************************************************************************* n]4Elrxx  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) K7JZUS`C!  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) R8lja%+0$  
        count = 0 tF/Ni*\^rV  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count |H^v8^%>zm  
            GetOperation eID, count, op <aaT,J8%[  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then x5PM ]~"p  
                DeleteOperation eID,count "dt}k$Gr  
                count=count-1 \ Qx%7 6  
            End If RaSuzy^`*]  
            count=count+1 c9jS !uDMK  
        Wend 19O    
    ! a\v)R  
        'Set new z-shift I`IW^eZM  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" }8}`A\ dgV  
        op.val1 = tlens SOsz=bVx  
        op.parent = parID *u|1Z%XO  
        AddOperation eID, op ;?iu@h  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens (r?hD*2r  
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        '************************************************************************* 1@LUxU#Uu$  
        'Lens index of refraction v36Z*I6)5  
        '************************************************************************* |LLpG37_  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) G^h:#T  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat v\G 7V  
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        mat.Nd = nlens G~&8/ s  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat )n9,?F#l  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens E6xdPjoWy  
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        '************************************************************************* n;=FD;}j+  
        'Pupil diameter oBub]<.J  
        '************************************************************************* eF7I 5k4  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) d:A'|;']  
    1]0;2THx  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) ;m.6 ~A  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" q4!\^HwQ  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens C`qV+pV  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 6Ktq7'Z@  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) J1gnR  
        count = 0 F"M/gy  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count :,qvqh][  
            GetOperation eID, count, op vA6onYjA  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ` wj'  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 7KUf,0D  
                count=count-1 /!>OWh*~  
            End If cotySio$  
            count=count+1 ->IZZ5G<  
        Wend zNo"P[J8  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" P =Q+VIP&  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 DS@Yto  
        op.parent = parID b$nev[`{6  
        AddOperation eID, op K3=0D!Dq  
    4=y&}3om(0  
        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam wRK27=\z  
    I} Q+{/?/  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description WO!OaC?+B,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) "D4% A!i  
        GetEntity eID, entity 9qGba=}Ey  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" w9"~NK8xzM  
        SetEntity eID, entity WQ:Y NmQ1p  
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        Update "8?Fl&=Q  
        Print "DONE!" PC255  
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    End Sub Us# /#-hJ  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: mv,a>Cvs[  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters y.8nzlkE{  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm X$Q.A^9  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 :p)^+AF"5  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 vQ2{ +5!|  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 L"S2+F)n  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 qZV|}M>P)  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 v}AjW%rB  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 a[rb-Z  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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