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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 88atj+N]  
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模型 {=E,.%8  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 xa%2w]  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. t-J\j"~%+  
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光源 3#c0p790  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 'ewVn1ME[  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 &0@AM_b  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 u]QG^1.qYe  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 7.1FRxS  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 U^xtS g  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 {DGnh1  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 1FmqNf:V7I  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 G[[<-[C]5  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示:  ,L7:3W  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M/a5o|>8  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 Av^<_`L :  
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分析 |+(Hia,X  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 D<XRu4^;  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 :~+m9r  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. uNRT@@oCq  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY piKR*|F  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION 2XGbqZj  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL "f<+~  
    Dim A As Double t+Rt*yjO  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double H@hHEzO  
    Dim eID As Long  $>y   
    Dim parID As Long -z$&lP]  
    Dim count As Integer :*{\oqFn~$  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double 8NzXe 7  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double b9@VD)J0E  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double bv8GJ #  
    Dim ok As Long PFnq:G^L  
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    Sub Main F|t_&$Is?  
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        '用户输入对话框 KdB9Q ;  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 Fq9>t/Zj  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 /*yPy?  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 koAM",5D  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 v<U +&D{  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 }8cX0mZ1j  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 #yVMC;J?W  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 FI$#x%A  
        End Dialog N$SJK  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog pe1_E KU  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) DfQD!}=  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed B =`"!?we  
            Print "Execution cancelled." =wy3h0k^  
            End E5b JIC(  
        End If ';z5]O~  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty rX<gcntv  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then ]XH}G9X^  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation zUhJr$N$  
        Else ?w[M{   
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) BsX# ~  
        End If C8 b%r|^#  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then q;V1fogqI)  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter 4U*uH  
        Else HjFY >(e  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) 5vso%}c  
        End If zjrr*iw  
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        Print " " F^]?'`7md  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ,T|%vqbmw  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" j;k(AM<  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation *0^t;A+  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness '\2lWR]ndd  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens -0) So  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens G"BoD5m  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens UI4Xv  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens @Yq!  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness d\ &jl`8*  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction N!fp;jvG  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation a`w)awb  
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        '************************************************************************* rwxJR@Ttn  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 8<g_JW[%  
        '************************************************************************* k*4?fr  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) (!';  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity b* 6c.  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) Kg@9kJB  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z >NE]TZ.F  
        count = 0 'Ph4(Yg  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count KG#|Cq  
            GetOperation eID, count, op w9}I*Nra  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then )^!-Aj\x  
                DeleteOperation eID,count $Mx.8FC +  
                count=count-1 ji( S ?^  
            End If B`hxF(_p/  
            count=count+1 ^ d"tymDd  
        Wend U2ANu|  
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        'Set new shift in Yb =8\<;  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" iA ZtV'VQ)  
        op.val1 = taq gr=ke #   
        op.parent = parID j )F~C8*  
        AddOperation eID, op oRu S_X  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 McnP>n  
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        '************************************************************************* nbpN+a%  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens ]Wa,a T'  
        '************************************************************************* Gz*U?R-T  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) ijhMJ?3  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ((dG<  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant $ ]81s`  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 9 I RE@c  
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        '************************************************************************* 1*-58N*  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens Vxgc|E^J  
        '************************************************************************* TU. h  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) sZ4H\  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic R4qk/@]t  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 8'cDK[L  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost &(.ZHF  
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        '************************************************************************* 1g/mzC   
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) V u! ,tpa.  
        '************************************************************************* 2=3iA09px  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) |R[m&uOib  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) 3 S5QqAm  
        count = 0 $K G?d>wx  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count etDB|(,z  
            GetOperation eID, count, op cA Lu  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then xjX5PQu  
                DeleteOperation eID,count Aqm0|GlJ  
                count=count-1 c&_3"2:  
            End If d~_OWCg`  
            count=count+1 ):[[Ch_  
        Wend 7PvuKAv?k  
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        'Set new z-shift \m.{^Xd~  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" uIPR*9~6o  
        op.val1 = tlens E|fPI u  
        op.parent = parID 1IsR}uLh  
        AddOperation eID, op  3sw1y  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens <=`@`rm{  
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        '************************************************************************* Z3/zUtgs  
        'Lens index of refraction C eg6 o &^  
        '************************************************************************* oyd{}$71d  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" )  +*!!  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat  )Ob{]  
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        mat.Nd = nlens 4q~E\l|.5  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat U9q*zP_jV  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens RU'J!-w{  
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        '************************************************************************* aqN.5'2\  
        'Pupil diameter Cm&itG  
        '************************************************************************* xphqgOc12,  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) St3~Y{aI|  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =sm(Z ;"  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" o]j*  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens c2U>89LlZ  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l%IOdco#  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) (/Mc$V  
        count = 0 ;Cy@TzO/|  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Mc6y'w  
            GetOperation eID, count, op v3NaX.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then tEUmED0FY  
                DeleteOperation eID,count e'`oisJU?q  
                count=count-1 B?M+`;  
            End If eOb`uyi  
            count=count+1 Cr` 0C  
        Wend BAhC-;B#R  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" U!5@$Fu  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 S;NXOsSu  
        op.parent = parID UdGoPzN  
        AddOperation eID, op jmFN*VIL  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam 1mX*0>  
    ^ WNJQg'  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description y AWDk0bx  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) eZ!k'bS=  
        GetEntity eID, entity E;qwoTmul  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" w.8~A,5}Dh  
        SetEntity eID, entity w#e'K-=  
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        Update c;^J!e  
        Print "DONE!" +@Y[i."^J  
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    End Sub Trrh`@R  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: ,B2 -'O  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters e0L;V@R  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm tX251S  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 L9T u>4  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 _#C}hwOR>X  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 Al|7Y/  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 #*!$!c{  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 6"7qZq  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 o$O,#^  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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