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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 G]QD6b9~  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 KXicy_@DC`  
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模型 bL swq  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 "=P@x|I  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. pOnZ7(  
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光源 M ;\K+,  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 5#QB&A>  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 IF5+&O  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 k9yA#  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 ~l{CUQU  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 zzq/%jki  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 `P : -a7_  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 h +N75  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 NrS1y"#d9  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: o6B!ikz 8  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 S`"IM?  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 NpH)K:$#%  
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分析 dIIsO{Zqv  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 X#+A?>Z]}<  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 64b9.5Bn  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. p]=8=pE<  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY }b6ja y  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION [x-Z)Q. 5  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL w7w$z _P  
    Dim A As Double :^J(%zy  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double jf.ikxm  
    Dim eID As Long j0:F E  
    Dim parID As Long #Cbn"iYee  
    Dim count As Integer OO53U=NU  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double qX-Jpi P  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double D[;6xJ  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double ]'2p"A0U  
    Dim ok As Long 8oN4!#:  
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    Sub Main UI>-5,X  
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        '用户输入对话框 %Ljc#AVg  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 v|QFUa`  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 tty 6  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 a] >|2JN<&  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 v_)cp9d]  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 6q6&N'We  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 L-G186B$r  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 \!z=x#!O$  
        End Dialog }6m5MH$7q  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog 9I30ULm  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) <(#cPV@j  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed U{eC^yjt"o  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ?ix0n,m  
            End nV"[WngN  
        End If BniFEW:<  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty r/3 !~??x  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then zXUE<\  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation }u:^Mz  
        Else 4ol=YGCI_  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) otX#}} +  
        End If )k29mqa`  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then g<}EL[9  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter EX8]i,s|E  
        Else S,Zjol%p  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) pN4!*7M  
        End If l]3g6c  
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        Print " " ?R"5 .3  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" br$!}7#=L  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" EkWe6m  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation K<Ct  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness vlzjALy  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens _mXq]r0  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens ecf<(Vl}  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens Yn1U@!  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens fVR ~PG0  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness 0Xk;X1Xl  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction C. 8>  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation rhNdXYY>  
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        '************************************************************************* Ie4*#N_  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) }1;Ie0l=_e  
        '************************************************************************* FopD/D{  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ~}4H=[Zu  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity U@Aq@d+n  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) r<C^hs&]  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z R+!2 j  
        count = 0 Kau*e8  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count <!DOCvd  
            GetOperation eID, count, op IwWo-WN7.  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then nR"k %$  
                DeleteOperation eID,count (T'inNbJe  
                count=count-1 YWq[)F@0G  
            End If r=@h}TKv{I  
            count=count+1 {p6",d."N&  
        Wend BKvF,f/g  
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        'Set new shift in *jA%.F  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" _}JygOew  
        op.val1 = taq O8dDoP\F2  
        op.parent = parID 39~fP)  
        AddOperation eID, op @X\nY</E#M  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 |C-B=XE;3  
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        '************************************************************************* - *yj[?6  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens *+@/:$|U  
        '************************************************************************* ~@got  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 3_Oq4/  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic o5Qlp5`:u  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant DlIfr6F  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant ZU "y<  
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        '************************************************************************* }T(|\ X  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens >u4uV8S   
        '************************************************************************* GSpS8wWD }  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 9=JU &/!  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic sV[|op  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost 7g&_`(  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost iZ_R oJ  
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        '************************************************************************* p1Lx\   
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) QAb[M\G  
        '************************************************************************* 8q tNK> D  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) Bq:@ [pCQ  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) -@J;FjrXmP  
        count = 0 IOmIkx&`GP  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count \t!+]v8f8  
            GetOperation eID, count, op *]Vx=7 D  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _0vXujz  
                DeleteOperation eID,count X.UIFcK^  
                count=count-1 =BGc@:2  
            End If '`3-X];p  
            count=count+1 .s2d  
        Wend pr;L~$JW  
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        'Set new z-shift wbr"z7}  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" _Yh4[TT~/  
        op.val1 = tlens H_*]Vg  
        op.parent = parID W}.4$f>  
        AddOperation eID, op T-5T`awf  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens VUNQ@{ST|1  
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        '************************************************************************* q_oYI3  
        'Lens index of refraction BB|{VwN  
        '************************************************************************* Uf\*u$78  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) sO(Kpo9jq  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat {b#c0>.8-  
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        mat.Nd = nlens oY0*T9vv+  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat ~ Q]B}qdm  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens G&Cl:CtC  
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        '************************************************************************* <MfB;M  
        'Pupil diameter L>@6lhD)x  
        '************************************************************************* iK.MC%8?  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) 4Y)3<=kDG  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) %b!p{p  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" WQK#&r*  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens dmF<J>[  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) U}qW9X;o  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) v4ueFEY  
        count = 0 n1cAI|ZE  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count m&$H ?yXW>  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ,*%8*]<=  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then {fGi:b\[ 8  
                DeleteOperation eID,count l YZHM,"  
                count=count-1 ^qk$W? pX  
            End If JdV!m`XpXy  
            count=count+1 5T;_k'qe  
        Wend lI5{]?'  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" +"p" ,Z  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 9(@bjL465  
        op.parent = parID WQ*$y3%  
        AddOperation eID, op UPgZj\t%{  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam <4! w2vxG  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description o 86}NqK  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) (JM4W "7'  
        GetEntity eID, entity \dfq& oyU\  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" fI BLJ53  
        SetEntity eID, entity wZOO#&X#r  
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        Update (Bmjz*%M  
        Print "DONE!" O=-|b kO  
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    End Sub iYnw?4Y  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: (te \!$  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters ~q1s4^J  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm fO:*85 %}7  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 hwXp=not(  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 <&x_e-;b'  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 *PMql$  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 h`vM+,I  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 5Pr<%}[S^  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 Vl'=92t  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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