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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 *|=D 0  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 jg?UwR&  
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模型 m~&  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 9F807G\4Qt  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ^i8,9T'=  
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光源 &|XgWZS5  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 %!\=$s}g  
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。  ]ltCJq  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 hA ){>B<;  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 FXr^ 4B}  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 {>hxmn  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 >3/ mV<g f  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 C[,h!  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 D]E=0+  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: 1vq2`lWpx  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 M<Bo<,!ua  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 1?QVt fwY  
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分析 P.>fkO1\  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 ky|kg@n{  
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 U)'YR$2<  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. K_+M?ap_  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY Q.$/I+&j  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION EJ {vJZO  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL C)m@/w  
    Dim A As Double jk`U7 G*  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double d1#lC*.Sg  
    Dim eID As Long =eY  
    Dim parID As Long >0SG]er@  
    Dim count As Integer "zw{m+7f,  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double !QdX+y<re  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double lFuW8G,-f@  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n=b!c@f4  
    Dim ok As Long Pjq9BK9p  
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    Sub Main CHS}tCfos>  
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        '用户输入对话框 R}(Rv3>Xx  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 X7*ossv  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 j 7);N  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 0;a10b  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 _H U>T  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 Zah<e6L  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 Z wKX$(n  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 E @r &K  
        End Dialog '~yxu$aK  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog : HU|BJ>  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) y+^KVEw  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed CNV^,`FX  
            Print "Execution cancelled." ,4,Bc<  
            End = <A0;  
        End If "WY5Pzsi:  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty Z!q$d/1  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then \Dr( /n  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation B{` K?e0  
        Else -m ,Y6  
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) $2]>{g  
        End If v"Bm4+c&0  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then MYJMZ3qBi  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter  ^[I> #U  
        Else Y x66Xy  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) |U'`Sc  
        End If <2O#!bX1  
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        Print " " D1ik*mDA=  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" c=-qbG0`  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" #$ka.Pj  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation LGtw4'yr  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness g^:`h VV  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens =^zGn+@z  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens $qpW?<>,0  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens I(3YXv VN  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens ~md06"AYJ  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness wqjR-$c  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction =yRv *C  
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        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation <RbsQ^U  
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        '************************************************************************* 0e:j=kd)NH  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) 0<<ATw$aQ  
        '************************************************************************* @I&k|\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) M) JozD%  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity klc$n07  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) s[7/w[&  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z `Um-Y'KE  
        count = 0 [tC=P&<  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count 2H] 7=j  
            GetOperation eID, count, op ]R^xO;g'  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then EIpz-"S  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1(i%nX<U  
                count=count-1 H4wDF:n0H  
            End If RA){\~@wC  
            count=count+1 W8-vF++R  
        Wend dtG>iJ  
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        'Set new shift in |~v2~   
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" WFmW[< g  
        op.val1 = taq 6@:<62!;  
        op.parent = parID DHvZ:)aT}  
        AddOperation eID, op 3_&s'sG5  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 F[B=sI  
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        '************************************************************************* yYTOp^  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens L|'B*  
        '************************************************************************* (BK_A {5  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) m3(p7Z^Bq  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic fCX8s(|F  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant s=K?-O  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant tHM0]Gb}  
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        '************************************************************************* k2#|^N  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens \nTV;@F  
        '************************************************************************* ^ME'D  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) xbCQ^W2YU|  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ]T.+(\I  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost r&F 6ZCw  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost 9.9B#?  
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        '************************************************************************* ~g@}A  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) uA t{WDHm  
        '************************************************************************* }Q6o#oZ  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) {DUtdu[  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) Bob-qCBV  
        count = 0 mO8/eVws[M  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count bFH`wL W  
            GetOperation eID, count, op E},zB*5TH  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then p3T:Y_  
                DeleteOperation eID,count L7.SH#m  
                count=count-1 7y.iXe!P  
            End If QTN'yd?WE  
            count=count+1 43O5|8o  
        Wend $(*>]PC+)  
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        'Set new z-shift *!dA/sid  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" %E [HMq<H  
        op.val1 = tlens cVr+Wp7K#|  
        op.parent = parID :s-9@Yl|  
        AddOperation eID, op zW)Wt.svP  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens :V_UJ3xf  
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        '************************************************************************* $>+g)  
        'Lens index of refraction N8J(RR9O  
        '************************************************************************* OF-VVIS  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) YPCitGBl  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat v?%vB#A^  
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        mat.Nd = nlens Oi-%6&}J  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat Qam48XZ >  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens (qz)3Fa  
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        '************************************************************************* >6)|># Wi  
        'Pupil diameter TgHUH>k  
        '************************************************************************* #5{BxX&\  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) IcGX~zWr  
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        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) i` ay9J8N  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" |f.,fVVV;  
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        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens a(ml#-M  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) l(@c  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) aeAx0yE[p  
        count = 0 wkV'']= Xg  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Q( e  
            GetOperation eID, count, op -*Th=B-  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then GS}JyU  
                DeleteOperation eID,count  nb6Y/`G  
                count=count-1 SQ/HZ  
            End If )OVa7[-T  
            count=count+1 l\uNh~\  
        Wend ErQ6a%~,  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" c& bms)Jwa  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Fmz+ Xb  
        op.parent = parID )} t't"  
        AddOperation eID, op (mKH,r  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam =2ED w_5E  
    ,|.}6\zl*{  
        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description NK(_ &.F  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ~!cxRd5;F  
        GetEntity eID, entity fGRV]6?V  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" \k{[HfVvn  
        SetEntity eID, entity D{[{&1\)r  
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        Update rPqM&&+  
        Print "DONE!" %H2ios[UO  
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    End Sub =9,^Tu|  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: =  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters 4RYH^9;>K  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 4l6 8+  
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 n;Q8Gg2U  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 QG2 Zh9R  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 D} j`T  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 \g h |G  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 ;ko6igx)+  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 FF! PmfF'  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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