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2022-02-25 09:52 |
Arizona眼睛模型
简介 Lo_+W1+ #+l`tj4b/ 人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 &nXE?-J (m,H 5 模型 aIFlNS,y n<j+KD#a 模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 Ms,MXJtH Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义 [attachment=111140] t4#gW$+^?H cjPXrDl{\ 在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. ~`QoBZ.O& y)&K9 I 光源 ;10YG6: =xIZJ8e 多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 t!3N|`x 9/29>K_ [attachment=111141] 图1. 光源和提示信息使用 ceE]^X;p ltgtD k 除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 7$lnCvm =/46;844T 在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 =?.oH|&\h [attachment=111142] 图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 |K Rt$t s2G9}i{ [attachment=111143] 图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图 ap}p?r `"&Nw,C 视网膜的散射 jW`JThoq Lcpe*C x- 在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 $N)G:=M!s ;C$+8%P4 [attachment=111144] 图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定 tj@(0}pi4 )Q
=>7%ZA 注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 X>o9mW K'r;#I|"J [attachment=111145] 图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定 1]2]l*&3
< v] 脚本 YkWHI(p dn-
[Gnde 内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: {s0%XG1$ [attachment=111146] 图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑 |cma7q}p [attachment=111147] 图7. 用户对话框编辑器 ~< bpdI0 Z{0BH{23 如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 Cr7Zi>sd<! 余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 !Rl|o^Vw>{ zg<-%r'$ 分析 Yao}Xo9} dyWp'vCQs\ 屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 g;63$_< [attachment=111148] 图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析 1z-.e$&z xGwImF$r 脚本代码 lWId
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- Option Explicit 'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. W%g*sc*+
;yt6Yp.6e Dim entity As T_ENTITY 13!@LbC Dim op As T_OPERATION ! dzgi: Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL h$l/wn Dim A As Double /IUu-/ D Dim pupilDiam As Double OT])t<TF6 Dim eID As Long /YvXyi>^"% Dim parID As Long ~:z.Xu5m Dim count As Integer !,[#,oy; Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double \#9LwC"8; Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double V^2_]VFj Dim curv As Double, conic As Double n(F!t,S1i Dim ok As Long FbE/x$;~O u<BU4c/p Sub Main BY6#dlDi iNA3Y '用户输入对话框 &n k)F< Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 jfxNV2[ TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 K|7"YNohfG Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 ,&t+D-s<f OKButton 40,91,90,21 X1|
+9 CancelButton 190,91,90,21 l$;"yVdks Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 I@'[> t TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 [A-_?#cZ End Dialog `>:5[Y Dim dlg As UserDialog d/7fJ8y8 t}q
e_c ok = Dialog (dlg) ;28d7e} v/`D0g-uX) If ok=0 Then 'cancel button was pressed ?,vLRq. Print "Execution cancelled." x>#{C,Fi End ?*fa5=ql End If pp"X0 ) O0Cz n 'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty d6luksO*9 If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then hLO)-ueb A = 0 'Default accommodation r6DLShP-Ur Else sU_K^=6* A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) PF{uaKWk End If s.2f'i+ Dp'urf\*$ If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then )pWgt5:7~ pupilDiam = 4 'Default pupil diameter !7N:cx'Qy Else Th) pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) Y <6|z3 End If #dauXUKH wNf:_^|} Print " " ewMVUq*: Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" dfDjOZSL Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" VeA@HC`?" (t4i&7- ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation ?JrUZXY taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A 'Aqueous thickness Y)rK'OY' o=m5AUe?J Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A 'Radius of anterior lens Kr}RFJ"d CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A 'Conic constant of anterior lens r&u1-%%9[ ?WI v4 Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A 'Radius of posterior lens )&c2+Y@ CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A 'Conic constant of posterior lens H,7='n7" `Y&`2WZ ~ tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A 'Lens thickness @cDB 7w\ Etz#+R&* nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2 'Lens index of refraction 0Wr<l%M)+ 2q?/aw ;Z 'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation S^QEc tXU ` H'G"V '************************************************************************* 6#Vl3o(E| 'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) )UR$VL '************************************************************************* omfX2Oa2 eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) A4j,]hOD GetCustomElement eID, entity
|~9rak, vXJs.)D7 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) dwA"QVp{ zEQ]5>mG ' Delete any shift(s) in z ^twyy9VR count = 0 /X}1%p While GetOperationCount(eID)>count ql?w6qFs] GetOperation eID, count, op RoqkT|#$ If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then bmT%?it DeleteOperation eID,count a"( Ws]K count=count-1 zteu{0 End If v^9eTeFO count=count+1 Q2fxsa[ Wend e~vO Xu{y5N 'Set new shift in !'$*Z( op.Type = "ShiftZ" "im5Fnu op.val1 = taq A}(xH`A op.parent = parID z %}"= AddOperation eID, op igu1s}F Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 '(K4@[3t 8:Hh;nl '************************************************************************* )!(gS, 'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens 4"?`p;{Z '************************************************************************* AD eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) RE!WuLs0" GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic e N`+ r 7FwtBO SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant k}LIMkEa4a Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant EW$drY@ A!Tl '************************************************************************* a`Bp^(f} 'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens 9Qyc!s` '************************************************************************* (j>`+F5f eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) 091m$~r* GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic w5Fk#zJv m{>1#1;$t SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost bB@=J~l4 Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost k4#j
l<R f@sC~A. 9\ '*************************************************************************
]Zb9F[ 'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) xWLZlUHEu '************************************************************************* [Or1 ]MCH]/ parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) gLMb,buqC ^Zl[#:EFP ' Delete any z-shift(s) E+y_te^+b count = 0 Q`i@['?p While GetOperationCount(eID)>count vU *: M8k GetOperation eID, count, op 6$#,$a O If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then #~Xj=M% DeleteOperation eID,count P)VQAM count=count-1 `K VSYC End If Z +/3rd count=count+1 2-m@- Wend `U0XvWPr[ nZiwR4kM 'Set new z-shift W,8Uu1X = op.Type = "ShiftZ" N-N]BS6 op.val1 = tlens cvw17j op.parent = parID pI f6RwH}% AddOperation eID, op -sHX Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens %nJo:/ G{?`4=K '************************************************************************* fFEB#l!oUb 'Lens index of refraction [Zdrm:=]L '************************************************************************* @oY+b!L eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) m
+A4aQ9 GetModelMaterial eID, mat z81dm AQ
FnS&Y mat.Nd = nlens q1HJ_y SetModelMaterial eID, mat !,$K;L Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens o5/BE`VD5c (e_<~+E '************************************************************************* 3'p1m`8 'Pupil diameter BN&)5M?Xt6 '************************************************************************* UvMkL eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) [qY yr ~(*tcs]hY 'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) =LY`K# 4'3;{k$z SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" dU_;2d$ Xz:ha>}C ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens 7Wv.-LD6 parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) ]
0L=+=w eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) /\Cf*cJ count = 0 ;4dFL\KU While GetOperationCount(eID)>count VZ IY=Q>g GetOperation eID, count, op F6J]T6Y If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then }.s%J\ckx DeleteOperation eID,count t<c7%i#Od count=count-1 YeT{<9p End If gdSqG2/& count=count+1 *Dq ++ Wend \{Q_\s&) op.Type = "ShiftZ" Y8%l)g op.val1 = taq-0.01 ]}Ys4(} op.parent = parID LV1drc AddOperation eID, op 3O4,LXdA 3S#p4{3 Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam #c'B2Jn *[i49X&rd 'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description AMB{Fssz eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) NKEmY-f; GetEntity eID, entity n>,GmCo entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" o R8'^G0< SetEntity eID, entity ->OVNmCB`+ T9J&^I Update A[@koLCL Print "DONE!" `, ]ui* +VQD' End Sub ,K@[+ R! y4@gw.pt 如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: |Wa.W0A 'aV'Am+: Accommodation = 4 Diopters H}_R `S Pupil Diameter = 4 mm cGm?F,/` Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 xR$T/] / Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 %=*|:v Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 8kcMgCO Set lens thickness = 3.927 =rZ'!Pa Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 wA7\K~fHV Set pupil diameter = 4 fUCjC*#1 DONE!
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