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infotek 2022-02-25 09:52

Arizona眼睛模型

简介 fqsp1m$  
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人眼光学模型可用来设计眼科用设备,光学系统注定了要与人眼一起使用。本文演示了这样一个模型:Arizona眼睛模型,在Jim Schwiegerling教授的书中有详细描述:《Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics》。AZ眼睛模型达到了基于平均临床数据所决定的轴上和轴外像差等级。FRED文件包含了此眼睛模型及几个用来分析它的光源,并包括一个基于想要的屈光度来调整模型的内嵌脚本。 Y8{1?LO  
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模型 <7] Y\{+  
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模型的定义如表1种所示,由半径、圆锥常数、折射率、阿贝数、到下一面的距离等一系列表面组成。一些参数由屈光度(A)来决定。 0$ac1;7  
Table 1. AZ眼睛模型的定义
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在FRED中使用0屈光度来创建的,光瞳加在了透镜的前面。材料是创建一个新的材料并选择类型“Model Material”,输入的参数是nd和vd. c} ET#2,  
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光源 -"K:ve(K  
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多个光源定义来分析该模型的不同特性。图1显示了所以的光源和提示信息告诉您他们可以用来做什么。 Qnx92   
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图1. 光源和提示信息使用
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除了“Letter F”之外的所有光源的光线位置设定在了孔径光阑位置处,并增加了pre-propagation distance= -8。尽管光线在光瞳处创建,规定的传输方向相对于光线位置在pre-propagation distance之后。这意味着光束沿着Z轴在眼睛的前面以平行光入射,而不是在光瞳处入射。 DC7}Xly(  
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在往下看是内置的脚本用来修改屈光度,使其为4(250mm),光源“Letter F”在视网膜处生成一个字母为F的图像。绿色的光线聚焦的非常好而红色和蓝色光线有一点的模糊。使用Positions Spot Diagram分析工具来观察最为合适。 tKGsrgoV  
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图2. 字母F光源的设定方法光 e-)1K  
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图3. 字母F在视网膜上位置点列图
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视网膜的散射 v 8a  
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在散射文件中,有一个名为“Retina surface”的72%的反射型朗伯散射,它为视网膜的散射提供了一个粗略的近似。为了模拟来自视网膜的散射,改变自定义元件“Eye ball” 下的视网膜的表面从“halt all” 到”Allow All”。并使几何中“plane”可追迹。 6WM_V9Tidq  
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图4. 视网膜朗伯散射设定
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注意在视网膜的表面有散射重点采样规格定义,在“Scatter”标签的底部可获取该信息。“toward pupil”指定散射光朝向光瞳,半角度10度。 y36aoKH  
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图5. 视网膜重点采样规格设定
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脚本 ?7a[| -  
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内置脚本使用对话框显示屈光度和光瞳直径的数值设置。使用FRED Basic脚本创建和使用对话框非常容易。图6显示了如何获取用户自定义对话框,如下图所示: h1)\.F4G  
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图6. 用户对话框的创建与编辑
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图7. 用户对话框编辑器
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如果“OK”按钮按下,将会核对对话框下面的代码行,如果点击取消则脚本终止。然后输入的参数赋予变量,如果此处是保留为空白,则使用默认值。因此,如果没有值输入并点击“OK”按钮,则脚本是以屈光度为0,光瞳直径为4mm来运行的。 t}l<#X5  
余下的脚本计算与屈光度有关的所有参数。 SX;IUvVE5  
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分析 x%&V!L  
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屈光度为4,光瞳直径为4mm,字母F点在视网膜上所成的像。 c7wgjQ[   
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图7. 字母F在视网膜上颜色分析
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脚本代码 3i~{x[Jc  
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  1. Option Explicit     'Remove this to enable non-dimensioned variables to be used. 75i)$}_1B  
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    Dim entity As T_ENTITY /VkJ+%}+j  
    Dim op As T_OPERATION iJeT+}  
    Dim mat As T_MODELMATERIAL  sOmYQ{R  
    Dim A As Double 8+F2 !IM  
    Dim pupilDiam As Double | 'G$}]H  
    Dim eID As Long XWV~6"  
    Dim parID As Long $=R\3:j  
    Dim count As Integer o\[nGf C&  
    Dim taq As Double, Rant As Double, CCant As Double, Rpost As Double, CCpost As Double IYN`q'%|  
    Dim tlens As Double, nlens As Double n\U6oJN  
    Dim curv As Double, conic As Double rD?o97  
    Dim ok As Long ccAEN  
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    Sub Main ?zqXHv#x  
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        '用户输入对话框 m e" <+6  
        Begin Dialog UserDialog 320,126,"Input parameters" ' %GRID:10,7,1,1 m`aUz}Y>c  
            TextBox 220,21,40,21,.TextBox1 'default: 0 E)bP}:4V  
            Text 20,21,190,21,"Accommodation (in Diopters):",.Text1,1 u c8>B&B%  
            OKButton 40,91,90,21 `h#JDcT;a  
            CancelButton 190,91,90,21 >EjBk nl  
            Text 20,49,190,14,"Pupil diameter (4 mm default):",.Text2,1 up6LO7drW/  
            TextBox 220,49,40,21,.TextBox2 'default: 4 s!Vtw p9  
        End Dialog |kD?^Nx  
        Dim dlg As UserDialog ww*F}}(  
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        ok = Dialog (dlg) HAXx`r<  
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        If ok=0 Then    'cancel button was pressed ZN^Q!v  
            Print "Execution cancelled." RIlPH~  
            End ~ nIZ g5  
        End If IU/*YI%W  
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        'Assign accommodation and pupil diameter & use defaults if field left empty {S c1!2q  
        If dlg.TextBox1 = "" Then Sw~<W%! ?  
            A = 0           'Default accommodation 3:RZ@~u=  
        Else 3.Qwn.   
            A = CDbl(dlg.TextBox1) @EvnV.  
        End If qabM@+m[  
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        If dlg.TextBox2 = "" Then $xqphhBg  
            pupilDiam = 4   'Default pupil diameter G[<iVt$y  
        Else 8u4]@tJH  
            pupilDiam = CDbl(dlg.TextBox2) LQ._?35r  
        End If MLJ8m  
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        Print " " y}|zH  
        Print "Accommodation = " & A & " Diopters" ~lMsD~$sO  
        Print "Pupil Diameter = " & pupilDiam & " mm" _h#G-  
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        ' Calculate new parameters with accommodation "dt3peH  
        taq = 0.55 + 2.97 - 0.04*A              'Aqueous thickness Sx}h$E:  
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        Rant = 12.0 - 0.4*A                     'Radius of anterior lens ^I^k4iw 4  
        CCant = -7.518749 + 1.285720*A          'Conic constant of anterior lens (jXgJ" m  
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        Rpost = -5.224557 + 0.2*A               'Radius of posterior lens <[*s%9)'9  
        CCpost = -1.353971 - 0.431762*A         'Conic constant of posterior lens p?%G|Q  
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        tlens = 3.767 + 0.04*A                  'Lens thickness hFKYRZtP.8  
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        nlens = 1.42 + 0.00256*A - 0.00022*A^2  'Lens index of refraction [KJm&\evp  
    ,]+6kf5  
        'Adjust parameters to account for accommodation jtA Yp3M-$  
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        '************************************************************************* 2'++G[z  
        'Aqueous thickness (Position of Lens) _A(J^;?  
        '************************************************************************* ks! G \<I  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) y|X[NSA  
        GetCustomElement eID, entity %'P58  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) 1iz\8R:0  
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        ' Delete any shift(s) in z r"xo9&|  
        count = 0 Fw=-gb_.  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Eh JYdO[e  
            GetOperation eID, count, op KzhldMJ^zq  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then ^ c:(HUo#  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1w35 H9\g  
                count=count-1 i~4:]r22  
            End If Y40{v(Pi  
            count=count+1 >2_J(vm>  
        Wend o zv><e#  
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        'Set new shift in a7ZPV1k  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" jn]{|QZ  
        op.val1 = taq m]V5}-?al  
        op.parent = parID m'Wz0b^BO  
        AddOperation eID, op )wAqaG_d  
        Print "Set aqueous humor thickness = " & taq-0.55 cU+/I>V  
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        '************************************************************************* Mk7#qiPo  
        'Radius and conic constant of anterior lens q[r|p"TGov  
        '************************************************************************* WJ=^r@Sf  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Anterior" ) 5gi`&t`  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic <V9L AWeS  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rant, CCant d!8`}L:=M  
        Print "Set anterior lens radius = " & Rant & " and conic constant = " & CCant 7\5;;23N4  
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        '************************************************************************* fk9FR^u  
        'Radius and conic constant of posterior lens ZY=x$($f  
        '************************************************************************* lQldW|S>  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens.Posterior" ) x# 0(CcKK  
        GetConic eID, entity, curv, conic ^b'|`R+~}  
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        SetConic eID, entity, 1/Rpost, CCpost *s<FEF  
        Print "Set posterior lens radius = " & Rpost & " and conic constant = " & CCpost YX,y7Uhn  
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        '************************************************************************* UuW"  
        'Lens thickness (Position of posterior lens surface) 2vT>hC?oHz  
        '************************************************************************* q@H?ohIH  
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        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Lens" ) ,i e84o  
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        ' Delete any z-shift(s) g!i\ AMG?  
        count = 0 @u#Tx%  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count Pqi>,c<&mL  
            GetOperation eID, count, op L@XhgQ  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then _m#M^<0n  
                DeleteOperation eID,count 1 @tVfn}  
                count=count-1 \|RP-8  
            End If 4#!NVI3t  
            count=count+1 9=89)TrY  
        Wend q3#07o_dV  
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        'Set new z-shift PSNfh7g  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" q0,Diouq  
        op.val1 = tlens tgKmC I  
        op.parent = parID 43^%f-J 5  
        AddOperation eID, op F_$eu-y  
        Print "Set lens thickness = " & tlens -=I*{dzly  
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        '************************************************************************* !inonR  
        'Lens index of refraction :D`ghXj  
        '************************************************************************* R&PQU/t)  
        eID = FindMaterial( "Lens" ) JL=MlZ  
        GetModelMaterial eID, mat c%n[v3]  
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        mat.Nd = nlens wK!4:]rhG  
        SetModelMaterial eID, mat LzEs_B=9  
        Print "Set lens index of refraction = " & nlens wz3BtCx  
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        '************************************************************************* 2&S*> (  
        'Pupil diameter F 0 q#.   
        '************************************************************************* x|&A^hQ  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil.Iris" ) -Zh`h8gX  
    ,Y6Me+5B  
        'Adjust pupil diameter (trimming volume inner hole) pn<M`,F~q  
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        SetTrimVolHole eID, pupilDiam/2, pupilDiam/2, 0, 0, "Cylinder" D7T(B=S6  
    J39,x=8LL  
        ' Adjust pupil location to just in front of the lens *_ {w0U)  
        parID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) VC,wQb1J/  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye.Pupil" ) C(qqGK{  
        count = 0 pHSq,XP-  
        While GetOperationCount(eID)>count }%Dsy2:y  
            GetOperation eID, count, op S4508l  
            If op.Type="ShiftZ" Then jr29+>  
                DeleteOperation eID,count dt%waM!  
                count=count-1 ?]+{2&&$  
            End If :f<3`x'  
            count=count+1 {L^b['h@  
        Wend Op%}.9ed  
        op.Type = "ShiftZ" ~Q}JC3f>  
        op.val1 = taq-0.01 Q$ r1beA  
        op.parent = parID !c,=%4Pb  
        AddOperation eID, op s_xWvx8?4.  
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        Print "Set pupil diameter = " & pupilDiam Exd$v"s Y  
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        'Update AZ Eye subassembly Description /<,LM8n  
        eID = FindFullName( "Geometry.Arizona Eye" ) x@/ N9*  
        GetEntity eID, entity Q[+&n*  
        entity.Description = "Accommodation = " & A & "D" hqOy*!8'@  
        SetEntity eID, entity .4P5tIn\  
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        Update @y?<Kv}s  
        Print "DONE!" ,w&8 &wj  
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    End Sub #~<cp)!3  
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    如果屈光度是4,光瞳直径是4,则会输出如下数据: F/GfEMSE  
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    Accommodation = 4 Diopters wi]ya\(*yl  
    Pupil Diameter = 4 mm 3{OY&   
    Set aqueous humor thickness = 2.81 )*< =:  
    Set anterior lens radius = 10.4 and conic constant = -2.375869 k/[*Wz$W  
    Set posterior lens radius = -4.424557 and conic constant = -3.081019 baJ(Iy$XT  
    Set lens thickness = 3.927 r,F~Vwa}  
    Set lens index of refraction = 1.42672 1haNca_6,  
    Set pupil diameter = 4 mqxgrb7  
    DONE!
silence唯爱 2022-02-25 13:53
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