光电子谱技术是研究原子、分子、固体和表面电子
结构的一种非常有效的手段。本书全面
系统地介绍了
光电子谱技术的
原理和应用,并简明讨论了逆光发射、自旋极化光发射和
光电子衍射等现象。本书是一本非常实用的光电子谱技术的专著,内容几乎覆盖了光电子研究的所有领域。其特点是紧密联系实验,并利用理论详细解释实验结果,达到理论和应用的有机结合。书中还收集了大量的实际
材料的光电子谱分析,同时给出了大量的实验数据,以便于读者的查阅。总之,该书既是一本很有价值的参考书,又可作为初学者的入门教材。
o(xRq;i '\%c"? 作者在该领域做出了杰出的贡献。在第3版中,作者介绍了大量最新研究成果,并对光电子谱技术很多方面给出了有深刻见解的讨论。
@$FE}j_ (IXiwu 读者对象:适用于凝聚态
物理学、材料物理学和光电子学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
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Z09FW>"u ?wE@9g A /CpUq;^ 目录
/64jO?mp 1. Introduction and Basic Principles
~ILig}I 1.1 Historical Development
H+ra w/" 1.2 The Electron Mean Free Path
pAS!;t=n, 1.3 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
ZJ(/cD 1.4 Experimental Aspects
SQ#6~zxl 1.5 Very High Resolution
TJ(P TB; 1.6 The Theory of Photoemission
Hj
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Ke-Q>sm2Q 1.6.2 Valence-State Photoemission
VlKy6PSIg 1.6.3 Three-Step and One-Step Considerations
#!p=P<4M
1.7 Deviations from the Simple Theory of Photoemission
x_1JQDE References
L'{;V\d ={' "ATX(U 2. Core Levels and Final States
E_&Hje|J_[ 2.1 Core-Level Binding Energies in Atoms and Molecules
ZK5(_qW&i 2.1.1 The Equivalent-Core Approximation
j`^':! 2.1.2 Chemical Shifts
:PtpIVAosg 2.2 Core-Level Binding Energies in Solids
%VYQz)yW 2.2.1 The Born-Haber Cycle in Insulators
5zJkPki 2.2.2 Theory of Binding Energies
HE&,?vioy 2.2.3 Determination of Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts from Thermodynamic Data
T=cSTS!P;q 2.3 Core Polarization
ln.kEhQ3B 2.4 Final-State Multiplets in Rare-Earth Valence Bands
GF~^-5 2.5 Vibrational Side Bands
:QgC Zq 2.6 Core Levels of Adsorbed Molecules
sh.xp8^)^> 2.7 Quantitative Chemical Analysis from Core-Level Intensities
JV'd!5P References
'|^LNAx N_<sCRd]9 3. Charge-Excitation Final States: Satellites
/^96| 3.1 Copper Dihalides; 3d Transition Metal Compounds
-Hzn7L 3.1.1 Characterization of a Satellite
FzmCS@yA 3.1.2 Analysis of Charge-Transfer Satellites
>(z{1'f{ 3.1.3 Non-local Screening
J#Fe" 3.2 The 6-eV Satellite in Nickel
y8: 0VZox 3.2.1 Resonance Photoemission
FD(zj ^* 3.2.2 Satellites in Other Metals
{frEVHw 3.3 The Gunnarsson-Sch6nhammer Theory
IV^LYu 3.4 Photoemission Signals and Narrow Bands in Metals
FtN1ZZ"<* References
.;WJ(kB\U oTtmn,
T 4. Continuous Satellites and Plasmon Satellites: XPS Photoemission in Nearly Free Electron Systems
ezTu1-m 4.1 Theory
UwtOlV:G{ 4.1.1 General
&QE^i%6>\ 4.1.2 Core-Line Shape
IWu^a w 4.1.3 Intrinsic Plasmons
o^~6RZ 4.1.4 Fxtrinsic FAectron Scattering: Plasmons and Background
4zghM< 4.1.5 The Total Photoelectron Spectrum
:b>Z|7g ? 4.2 Experimental Results
($(6]?J(?7 4.2.1 The Core Line Without Plasmons
tYIHsm\b 4.2.2 Core-Level Spectra Including Plasmoas
%Hv$PsSJ 4.2.3 Valence-Band Spectra of the Simple Metals
L*tXy>&b. 4.2.4 Simple Metals: A General Comment
?>MD /l(l 4.3 The Background Correction
YN] w_= References
uuj"Er31 x$CpUy{6 5. Valence Orbitals in Simple Molecules and Insulating Solids
oSNB\G< 5.1 UPS Spectra of Monatomic Gases
8DTk<5mW~ 5.2 Photoelectron Spectra of Diatomic Molecules
..FUg"sSO 5.3 Binding Energy of the H2 Molecule
iM2
EEC 5.4 Hydrides Isoelectronic with Noble Gases
.Q"3[ Neon (Ne)
MIa].S# Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
4 E3@O Water (H2O)
J'9&dt Ammonia (NH3)
4W9!_:j(j Methane (CH4)
hx4!P( o1 5.5 Spectra of the Alkali HMides
;TSnIC)c 5.6 Transition Metal Dihalides
|}Mkn4 5.7 Hydrocarbons
\$;\,p p 5.7.1 Guidelines for the Interpretation of Spectra from Free Molecules
w:FH2* 5.7.2 Linear Polymers
w%S<N 5.8 Insulating Solids with Valence d Electrons
NOyLZa' 5.8.1 The NiO Problem
?3SlvKI}H` 5.8.2 Mort Insulation
P},S[GaZ 5.8.3 The Metal-Insulator Transition;the Ratio of the Correlation Energy and the Bandwidth;Doping
+^YV>; 5.8.4Band Structures of Transition Metal Compounds
UQ|0Aqwq 5.9 High—Temperature Superconductors
_zh}%#6L 5.9.1valence-Band Electronic Structure;Polycrystalline Samples
=@pm-rI|- 5.9.2 Dispersion Relations in High Temperature Superconductors;Single Crystals
e::5|6x 5.9.3 The Superconducting Gap
Y@eHp-[ 5.9.4 Symmetry of the Order Parameter in the High-Temperature SuDerconductors
1@)]+* F*z 5.9.5 Core—Level Shifts
SJU93n"G/ 5.10 The Fermi Liquid and the Luttinger Liquid
{J})f>x<xM 5.11 Adsorbed Molecules
} Q1$v~ 5.11.1 Outline
`RGZ-Q{_ 5.11.2 CO on Metal Surfaces
:^%soEi References
h83ho ~$r^Ur!E\ 6.Photoemission of Valence Electrons froill Metallic Solids in the OHe-Electron Approximation
pE `Q4:<A 6.1 Theory of Photoemission:A Summary of the Three-Step Model
W}L=JJo}, 6.2 Discussion of the Photocurrent
lG#&Pv>- 6.2.1 Kinematics of Internal Photoemission in a Polycrystalline Sample
sbK0OA 6.2.2 Primary and Secondary Cones in the Photoemission from a Real Solid
s^C*uP;R 6.2.3 Angle-Integrated and Angle-Resolved Data Collection
A!^K:S:@ 6.3 Photoemission from the Semi—infinite Crystal:The Inverse LEED Formalism
{(a@3m~a% 6.3.1 Band Structure Regime
a]X6) 6 6.3.2 XPS Regime
N)poe2[
6.3.3 Surface Emission
1<\cMY6 6.3.4 One-Step Calculations
yWzvE:!) 6.4 Thermal Effects
u"T5m 6.5 Dipole Selection Rules for Direct Optical Transitions
LV8,nTYvE References
o\|dm."f nt;A7pI` 7.Band Structtire and Angular-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra
0?p_|X'_ 7.1 Free-Electron Final—State Model
,6t0w|@-k 7.2 Methods Employing Calculated Band Structures
Fg#*rzA 7.3 Methods for the Absolute Determination of the Crystal Momentum
}$qy_Esl 7.3.1 Triangulation or Energy Coincidence Method
u x:,io 7.3.2 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of External Emission Angle at Fixed Photon Frequency (Disappearance/Appearance Angle Method
gFDP:I/` 7.3.3 Bragg Plane Method: Variation of Photon Energy at Fixed Emission Angle (Symmetry Method)
|lJXI:GG 7.3.4 The Surface Emission Method and Electron Damping
?'T>/<( 7.3.5 The Very-Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Method
00;=6q]TA 7.3.6 The Fermi Surface Method
>5^Z'!Z" 7.3.7 Intensities and Their Use in Band-Structure Determinations
s ^)W?3t] 7.3.8 Summary
Tr@`ozp8 7.4 Experimental Band Structures
4D58cR} 7.4.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Systems
qk_
s"}sS 7.4.2 Three-Dimensional Solids: Metals and Semiconductors
qsJA|z&6x 7..4.3UPS Band Structures and XPS Density of States
6Ir
?@O1'! 7.5 A Comment
Q8:u 1$} References
5j]}/Aq a S<JsB 8.Surface States, Surface Effects
Z]SCIU @+ 8.1 Theoretical Considerations
HwU \[f 8.2 Experimental Results on Surface States
;7m>40W 8.3 Quantum-Well States
&q":o 'q 8.4 Surface Core-Level Shifts
#G*z{BRQ References
$u3N ',& i}wu+<Mk 9.Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy
<EBp X 9.1 Surface States
.f jM9G# 9.2 Bulk Band Structures
x[(2}Qd 9.3 Adsorbed Molecules
-q+Fj;El References
mD )Nh J=\Y 4- " 10. Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
*f4KmiQ~% 10.1 General Description
:=i0$k<E/ 10.2 Examples of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Spectroscopy
ahV_4;yF 10.3 Magnetic Dichroism
j ^_G References
Nju7!yVM_ q!AS}rV 11. Photoelectron Diffraction
-Q$$2QW! 11.1 Examples
QGshc 11.2 Substrate Photoelectron Diffraction
1/&j'B 11.3 Adsorbate Photoelectron Diffraction
a#raUF7e 11.4 Fermi Surface Scans
aB'<#X$x References
}(hE{((o ?L'k2J Appendix
{Ua5bSbh A.1 Table of Binding Energies
:_e.ch:4 A.2 Surface and Bulk Brillouin Zones of the Three Low-Index Faces of a Face—Centered Cubic(fcc)Crystal Face
x(t}H8q A.3 Compilation of Work Functions
Mb<KZ_wYOX References
!4 hs9b Index